Screening of Soybean Genotypes for Waterlogging Stress Tolerance and Understanding the Physiological Mechanisms

Waterlogging is a common form of abiotic stress that severely impedes global soybean production. Targeting this issue, an experiment was carried out at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during August–November 2019 to screen out the waterlogging tolerance and yield performances of selected soybean genotypes. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications consisting of 2 water levels (control and waterlogging) and 12 genotypes (Sohag, BARI Soybean-5, BINAsoybean-1, BINAsoybean-2, BINAsoybean-3, BINAsoybean-5, BINAsoybean-6, SGB-1, SGB-3, SGB-4, SGB-5, and GC-840). On the 15th day after sowing, plants were exposed to waterlogging for 12 days. Waterlogging remarkably declined the growth and yield of all the soybean genotypes compared to control. Reduced plant height, relative water content, above-ground fresh and dry weight, SPAD value, leaf area, number of leaves, branches, pods, seeds pod−1, 100-seed weight, and seed yield plant−1 were observed under waterlogging stress. Conversely, mortality rate and electrolyte leakage were increased under the same condition. The waterlogged plants showed delayed flowering and maturity compared with the control plants. However, among the 12 genotypes, Sohag, BARI Soybean-5, GC-840, BINAsoybean-1, and BINAsoybean-2 showed better waterlogging tolerance. These genotypes showed a greater number of adventitious roots in the base of their stem, which probably helped plants to thrive under waterlogging conditions.

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Perlakuan Berbagai Dosis Pupuk ZA Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bayam Merah (Amaranthus gangeticus)

Jurnal Agrinika : Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Agribisnis ◽

10.30737/agrinika.v5i2.1946 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 180

Author(s):

Edy Kustiani ◽

Mariyono Mariyono ◽

Bela Citra Ayuningtyas

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Environmental Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Dose Treatment ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Ideal

Red spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus) is one of the most popular vegetables because of its high nutritional value and easy cultivation. Efforts to increase the production of red spinach are to fertilize to meet the needs of both macro and micronutrients. This study aimed to determine the effect of ZA fertilizer dose on the growth and yield of red spinach. The environmental design used was a non-factorial, completely randomized design with four replications. The factors tested were the dose of ZA fertilizer which consisted of 6 levels, namely: without ZA fertilizer (D0); 0.4 gr/polybag (D1); 0.8 gr/polybag (D2); 1.2 gr/polybag (D3); 1.6 gr/polybag (D4); 2 gr/polybag (D5). The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance, and if the results were significantly different, the BNT test was continued at a 5% level. The growth and yield of red spinach showed significant differences due to the ZA fertilizer dose treatment. The ZA fertilizer dose treatment of 1.2 g/polybag (D3) resulted in the highest plant height, the number of leaves, and leaf area of red spinach at 14, 21, and 28 days after planting. The ZA fertilizer dose treatment of 1.2 g/polybag (D3) resulted in the highest wet and dry weight plants of 49.15 and 4.38 grams, respectively. The ZA 1.2 gr/polybag dose is the ideal dose to increase the productivity of red spinach.Bayam merah (Amaranthus gangeticus) termasuk sayuran penting yang disukai masyarakat karena bernilai gizi tinggi dan mudah pembudidayaannya. Upaya peningkatan hasil bayam merah salah satunya dengan pemupukan untuk menambah nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah pada perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor. Faktor yang diujikan adalah dosis pupuk ZA, terdiri 6 taraf, yaitu: tanpa pupuk ZA (D0); 0.4 gr/polybag (D1); 0.8 gr/polybag (D2); 1.2 gr/polybag (D3); 1.6 gr/polybag (D4); 2 gr /polybag (D5). Percobaan dilakukan dengan ulangan sebanyak 4 kali. Analisis data menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA), apabila berbeda nyata dilanjutkan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) taraf 5%. Perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman bayam merah. Perlakuan dosis pupuk ZA 1.2 gr/polybag (D3) menghasilkan tinggi, jumlah dan luas daun tanaman bayam merah tertinggi pada pengamatan umur 14, 21, dan 28 HST. Dosis pupuk ZA 1.2 gr/polybag (D3) juga menunjukkan berat basah dan berat kering tanaman tertinggi sebesar 49.15 dan 4.38 gram. Dosis ZA 1.2 gr/polybag merupakan dosis ideal untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman bayam merah.

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Impact of Exogenous Applications of Salicylic Acid on the Tolerance to Drought Stress in Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Plants

10.21203/rs.3.rs-116192/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

zahra khazaei ◽

Asghar Estaji

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Pepper Plant ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Relative Water

Abstract Background: Drought is also one of the most widespread abiotic stresses that adversely effects the growth and development of plants. To investigate the effect of salicylic acid and drought stress on several physiological and chemical reactions in sweet pepper plants, the experiment was achieved as a factorial based on a completely randomized design in greenhouse. Drought stress levels were non-stress conditions (irrigation with field capacity), moderate stress (30% field capacity irrigation) and intense water stress (60% field capacity irrigation) and three concentrations of salicylic acid included 0 (as control), 0.5 and 1 mM were sprayed on the plant in three to four leaf stages. Results: The results showed that drought decreased fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf relative water content (RWC), fruit diameter and length, the index including chlorophyll and leaf area and increased electrical conductivity (EC), antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, ascorbate, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity. After application of foliar salicylic acid, all of the above parameters, except the electrical conductivity content, increased. Conclusions: From the results of this experiment it is concluded that salicylic acid provides a better tolerance for drought stress in pepper plant through its influence on vegetative, biochemical and physiological characteristics.

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The effect of fertilizers and harvest date on growth and yield of oilseed rape sown in autumn and spring

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600058949 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 287-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

R. K. Scott ◽

E. A. Ogunremi ◽

J. D. Ivins ◽

N. J. Mendham

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Oil Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Seed Loss ◽

Seed Growth ◽

Pod Shatter ◽

Delayed Flowering

SummaryIn experiments at Sutton Bonington between 1967 and 1970, which tested 0–300 kg N/ha applied in spring, maximum oil yields of both autumn- and spring-sown oilseed rape were obtained by applying 200 kg N/ha. The seed-oil content was reduced by nitrogen application but only seriously when 300 kg/a was applied. Responses to high levels of potassium (180 rather than 60 kg K20/ha) were only obtained at 200 kg N/a. Successive increments of nitrogen from nil to 300 kg/ha improved plant growth, increasing leaf area and the dry weight of leaves and stems. The last increment from 200 to 300 kg N/ha was less effective and either reduced or did not affect pod production.In one experiment 300 kg N/ha stimulated husk growth, apparently at the expense of seed growth, with 200 kg/ha giving the highest proportion of pod dry matter as seed. More nitrogen always raised number of seeds per pod, but only increased seed weight in one autumn-sown experiment.Serial harvests of one experiment indicated that the maximum seed and oil yield was obtained by cutting plants before they were fully ripe, thus avoiding seed loss through pod shatter. The oil content of the bulk samples reached a peak about a week before maximum oil yield, probably because later-ripening seed did not reach full maturity. All nitrogen levels delayed flowering, but only the highest delayed maturity in the autumn-sown crop.

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Effects of paclobutrazol’s pretreatment on cold tolerance induction in soybean seedling (Glycine max L.)

Italian Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.4081/ija.2018.1034 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Mahmood Attarzadeh ◽

Hamidreza Balouchi ◽

Mohammad Reza Baziar

Keyword(s):

Cold Stress ◽

Tolerance Induction ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Physiological Characteristics ◽

Ion Leakage ◽

Soybean Seedling ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Relative Water ◽

Tension Time ◽

Pre Treatment

Paclobutrazol is one of the growth regulators in plants. It is from the Triazoles group which can protect plants from all kinds of tension. In order to investigate the effect of cold stress and Paclobutrazol on physiological characteristics of soybean seedling (cv. Williams), a factorial experiment was conducted base on completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor involved applying cold tension at 5ºC in four intervals times (0, 8, 16 and 24 hours). The second factor involved pre-treatment of Paclobutrazol in four concentrations (0, 100, 500 and 1000 μM). The results showed a significant increase in shoot’s dry weight by 100 μM Paclobutrazol application compared to Non-Paclobutrazol in eight hours of cold tension. The highest amount of chlorophyll a and relative water content was shown by 100 and 500 μM Paclobutrazol application, respectively. The increase in cold tension time to 24 hours caused an increase in ion leakage and led to an increase in protein content, catalase and peroxidase antioxidant enzymes. The results of this study demonstrate that cold tension can cause reduction in shoot’s dry matter and change the physiological characteristics of soybean but application of 100 and 500 μM of Paclobutrazol can partly induce tolerance to cold stress.

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Growth and Yield Response of Bambara Groundnuts (Vigna subterranea L ) to the Mixed of Peat and Mineral Soil with Several Dosage of Dolomite

Akta Agrosia ◽

10.31186/aa.20.2.54-60 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 54-60

Author(s):

Inggi Pamungkas ◽

Edhi Turmudi ◽

Kanang Setyo Hindarto

Keyword(s):

Mineral Soil ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Response ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Industrial Needs ◽

Soil Mix ◽

Dose Variation

Bambara groundnut (Bogor groundnut) was an alternative food crops having high nourishing, better taste and bigger size nut than the soy beans and peanuts. To meet the need for food and industrial needs, the program to increase production of Bogor groundnut was required, one of which is the use of peat as a growing medium using the technology of mixing peat and mineral soil. The research objective was to obtain a mixture of peat with mineral soil and dolomite lime dose suitable for the highest growth and yield of Bogor groundnut. This study was conducted in May 2015-September 2015 in the Greenhouses of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatment factors and three replications. The first factor was soil mix of peat and mineral soil (G0: 100% peat + 0% mineral soil; G1: 75% peat + 25% mineral soil; G2: 50% peat + 50% mineral soil; G3: 25% peat + 75% mineral soil) and the second factor was the dose of dolomite (D0: without lime dolomite; D1: 3 ton ha-1 and D2: 4 ton ha-1). The results showed that the response of biomass dry-weight to a mixture of peat with mineral soil was influenced by the dose of dolomite, but there was no interaction on other variables. Treatment of a mixture of peat 100% alone was capable of generating the highest number of leaf, biomass fresh- and dry-weight. Bogor groundnut plants showed the same response to the dose variation of dolomite lime.Keywords: Bogor groundnut, peat, mineral, dolomite

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EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN HARA MIKRO MELALUI MEDIA DAN DAUN PADA TANAMAN KANGKUNG (Ipomea reptans Poir)

Agrin ◽

10.20884/1.agrin.2018.22.1.457 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Bhaskara Anggarda Gathot Subrata ◽

Stefany Darsan

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Rate Ratio ◽

Growth Analysis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Randomized Design ◽

The Media ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian hara mikro melalui akar dan daun. Penelitiandilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal. Perlakuan berupa kontrol,pupuk mikro lewat media, pupuk mikro lewat daun. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang 6 kali. Media tanam berupapasir yang sudah dimasukan ke dalam bak penanaman, setelah itu tanam benih kangkung dengan jarak 10x10 cmpada setiap bak. Lalu aplikasikan pupuk melalui media atau daun seminggu sekali. Pengamatan yang dilakukanmeliputi tinggi tanaman dan kehijauan daun dengan SPAD 502 untuk tiap minggunya; aktivitas nitrate reduktase,kandungan klorofil a, klorofil b, dan klorofil total, bobot kering batang, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering daun,bobot kering akar, luas daun (LD), serta analisis pertumbuhan tanaman, meliputi nisbah laju daun (NLD), luasdaun khas (LDK), bobot daun khas (BDK). Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, pemberian pupuk cairmelalui media maupun daun belum mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kangkung. Perlakuanpada daun cenderung menunjukan hasil yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan pada media pada semuaparameter pengamatan.Kata kunci: efektivitas, hara mikro, akar dan daunABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to know the effectiveness of micro nutrient giving through root and leaf. Theresearch was conducted by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of single factor. Treatment of control,micro-fertilizer through the media, micro-fertilizer through the leaves. Each treatment was repeated 6 times.Planting media in the form of sand that has been inserted into the tub of planting, after that plant the seeds ofkangkung with a distance of 10x10 cm in each tub. Then apply the fertilizer through the media or leaves once aweek. Observations included plant height and greenery of leaves with SPAD 502 for each week; nitrate reductaseactivity, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll, dry weight of stalk, dry weight of canopy, leaf dryweight, root dry weight, leaf area, and plant growth analysis, including leaf rate ratio, typical leaf area, typicalleaf weight. Based on the research that has been done, the application of liquid fertilizer through the media andleaves has not been to increase the growth and yield of kangkung. Treatment on the leaves tend to show higherresults than treatment on media at all observation parameter.Keywords: effectiveness, micro nutrients, roots and leaves

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Growth performance of jute (Corchorus capsularies L.) as influenced by different organic manures

Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management ◽

10.3329/jbcbm.v6i1.51327 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 17-24

Author(s):

U Qulsum ◽

FF Meem ◽

RS Promi ◽

JR Zaman ◽

MF Ara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Local Market ◽

Branch Number ◽

Organic Manures ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Different Types ◽

Set Up

A pot experiment was carried out in 2019 in the net house of the Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, to evaluate the growth and yield of Jute plants (Corchorus capsularies L.) by applying different types of organic manures. Eight different types of organic manures viz. ACI, BGF-1, Mazim, Vermicompost, Shufola, GTS, Green and Poultry manures were collected from the local market. The experiment was set up following a completely randomized design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications consisting of twenty-seven pots. Significant variation was observed in different growth and yield contributing characters. The highest plant height (19.83cm) in poultry manure, leaf number (8.33/plant) was observed in Green manure, leaf area (21.93 cm2 / plant) in Poultry manure, fresh weight (3.18g) and dry weight (2.25 g) were found in Poultry manure, stem girth (1.67 cm/plant) in Vermicompost, branch number (8.6/plant) in Green manure. The highest nutrient uptake by plants (kg/ha) occurred in Poultry manure. The overall best growth was observed in Poultry manure. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2020, 6(1): 17-24

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Pemanfaatan Abu Boiler Kelapa Sawit terhadap Pertumbuhan Tajuk Tanaman Tomat

Daun Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan ◽

10.33084/daun.v2i1.174 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 54-65

Author(s):

Nurul Hidayati ◽

Asro Laelani Indrayanti

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Growth Media ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Optimal Dosing ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Survey Results ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Boiler Ash

The purpose of this research is gaining influence boiler ash on growth and yield of tomatoes, (4) obtain optimal dosing of boiler ash is curuently applied to some media. This research was conducted at Jl. Manjuhan Palangkaraya. The time of this study will last for 4 months This study uses a completely randomized design factorial 2 factors. The first factor is the dose Abu boiler with a 5 stage treotment (without ash, 5 ton.ha-1, l0 ton ha-1, 15 ton.ha-1 and 20 ton.ha-1 . The second factor is the type of media with 3 levels of treatment (Soil sand, soil Podsolid and Peat. The treatment combinotion obtained as-mony as 15 combinations of treatment, with a repeat 3 times. The survey results reveoled that (1) the interaction of growth media and boiler ash dose showed significantly different results against 2,4 dan 6-wieks after planting variables plant height, amount of leaves on the age, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after, plantig, stem diameter at 4 weeks afier planting, and shoot dry weight lastest research. Treatment combination boiler ash 15 ton / ha and peat media (treatment b4t3) provide significant variahles plant height, leaf amount, diameter of stock, and shoot dry weight.

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PENGARUH KOMBINASI PUPUK ORGANIK DAN PUPUK HAYATI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI DAN MUTU PEGAGAN

Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat ◽

10.21082/bullittro.v32n1.2021.23-30 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Rahma Widyastuti ◽

Nurul Husniyati Listyana ◽

Erri Setyo Hartanto

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Stem Length ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Cultivation Method ◽

Organic Cultivation ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Gotu kola is one of the medicinal plants that has begun to be cultivated by the Indonesian people. It’s cultivation needs to follow the GAP to produce the qualified yield, including the use of fertilizers. Biofertilizers have been widely developed to reduce adverse effects of chemical fertilizers to the environment, thus an organic cultivation method can be an alternative. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of biofertilizer on growth and yield of gotu kola. This research was an experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD) using 8 planting media treatments consisting of (a) Soil + manure + dolomite; (b) Soil manure + 1 g biofertilizer; (c) Soil + dolomite + 1g biofertilizer; (d) Soil + manure + 3 biofertilizer; (e) Soil + dolomite + 3 biofertilizer; (f) Soil + manure + 5 g biofertilizer; (g) Soil + dolomite + 5 g biofertilizer; and (h) Soil + 3 g biofertilizer. Parameters observed were leaf area, stem length, number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh weight, dry weight and asiaticoside content. The results showed that combination treatment of biofertilizer (1 g) with dolomite (30 g) gives better effect in increasing the number of tillers and number of leaves, while the combination of biofertilizer (5 g) and dolomite (30 g) is the best for asiaticoside levels in gotu cola.

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Effect of ecophysiological characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in response to organic fertilizers (compost and vermicompost)

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha48311834 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 1248-1259

Author(s):

Raheleh AHMADPOUR ◽

Nezam ARMAND

Keyword(s):

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Control Sample ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

High Water ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Cell Membrane Stability ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Relative Water

The organic fertilizers such as urban wet-waste compost and vermicompost can improve the physicochemical properties of soil and have a favourite effect on plants growth due to the high nutrient content, high water holding capacity, plant growth regulators, and beneficial microorganisms. In this regard, this study was conducted to evaluate the organic fertilizer mixture on the physiological and morphological indices of tomato seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was done as factorial in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The evaluated factors included the vermicompost fertilizer (0, 10, 20, 30 wt %), and the urban wet-waste compost (0, 10, 20, 30 wt %). In evaluation of the simple-effects of vermicompost and urban wet-waste compost the results showed that the 30 wt % level compared to the control sample increased the leaf area (+12.28% and +9.33%). It also increased the number of leaves (+17.5% and +22.9%), dry weight of root (+17.3% and +16.9%), chlorophyll-b content (+4.9% and +12.3 %), carotenoids (+2.9% and +7.9 %), and the total chlorophyll content (+23.7% and +13.8%). Results of evaluating the treatments showed that the vermicompost and urban wet-waste compost mixture in 30 wt % level (V4C4) caused significant increase in the plant height, leaf dry weight, root length, relative water content, cell membrane stability coefficient, efficiency of photochemical performance of PSII and the chlorophyll-a content (compared to other treatments especially low levels of organic fertilizer consumption). According to the final results of this study, using the vermicompost and urban wet waste compost mixture in 30 wt % level is recommended to improve the morphological and physiological traits of tomato in greenhouse conditions.

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