scholarly journals Reconstruction of Polyhalite Ore-Formed Temperature from Late Middle Pleistocene Brine Temperature Research in Kunteyi Playa, Western China

Geofluids ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Wenxia Li ◽  
Weiliang Miao ◽  
Qiliang Tang ◽  
Yongshou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Fluid Inclusions ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Western China ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Kunteyi Salt Lake (KSL), located in the northwest of the Qaidam Basin (QB), is rich in polyhalite resources. However, there is no relevant research on the ore-formed temperature of polyhalite in nature, such as KSL. The homogenization temperature ( T h ) of salt mineral inclusions can directly reveal the form temperature of minerals. In view of the poor diagenesis of polyhalite in KSL, almost no polyhalite crystals are formed. Therefore, the ore-formed temperature of polyhalite in KSL is revealed by using the T h of fluid inclusions in halite associated with polyhalite as a substitute index. A total of 472 T h data from 34 halite samples and 34 maximum homogenization temperature ( T hMAX ) data ranged from 17.1°C to 35.5°C, among which 24 data were concentrated at 17-23°C and the average value is 22.1°C. Brine temperature of other salt lakes in QB and paleoclimate characteristics of the study area were combined. It suggests that the temperature conditions of polyhalite mineralization in the study area are generally low. However, under the overall low-temperature background, polyhalite seems to be easily enriched at relatively high temperature; for example, the content of polyhalite is generally high in the first relatively dry and hot salt-forming period, and the brine temperature at the peak stage of polyhalite at 45 m is relatively high, which indicates that the high temperature conditions promote the formation of polyhalite in KSL. As far as the overall relationship between temperature and polyhalite is concerned, polyhalite is deposited at both low temperature and relatively high temperature, which verifies the previous understanding that polyhalite is a mineral with wide temperature phase, and also shows that temperature has a limited effect on polyhalite formation under natural conditions. In addition, combined with the chemical composition of halite fluid inclusions, it is found that the concentration of Mg2+ in nature has an influence on the temperature measurement process. According to the previous experimental research, speculate that the actual temperature of ancient brine and ore-formed temperature of polyhalite in KSL are lower than the measured T h . The confirmation of the influence of Mg2+ on temperature measurement is convenient for more accurate reconstruction of the metallogenic temperature of evaporite such as polyhalite. The research on the ore-formed temperature of KSL polyhalite enriches and perfects the polyhalite mineralization theory and provides theoretical basis for the basic and applied research of polyhalite.

scholarly journals Synthesis of by the Flux Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Maruyama ◽  
Chihiro Izawa ◽  
Tomoaki Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
High Temperature Phase ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Flux Method ◽  
Phase Crystal ◽  
Euhedral Crystal ◽  
Low Temperature Phase

has been successfully synthesized using Bi2O3–B2O3 eutectic flux. In particular, we succeeded in synthesizing a low-temperature-phase crystal (α-) at 1073 K as well as high-temperature-phase crystal (β-). The morphology of α- and β- particles prepared by the flux method is a euhedral crystal. In contrast, the morphology of particles prepared by solid state reaction differs: α- is aggregated and β- is necked. Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra indicate that the absorption edge is at a longer wavelength for β- than for α- with β- absorbing light of wavelengths up to nearly 400 nm.

High- and low-temperature phases in isostructural 4-chloro-3-nitroaniline and 4-iodo-3-nitroaniline

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1153-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Fábry ◽  
Michal Dušek ◽  
Přemysl Vaněk ◽  
Iegor Rafalovskyi ◽  
Jiří Hlinka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Primary Amine ◽  
Zigzag Chain ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
Graph Set

The structures of 4-chloro-3-nitroaniline, C6H5ClN2O2, (I), and 4-iodo-3-nitroaniline, C6H5IN2O2, (II), are isomorphs and both undergo continuous (second order) phase transitions at 237 and 200 K, respectively. The structures, as well as their phase transitions, have been studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and difference scanning calorimetry experiments. Both high-temperature phases (293 K) show disorder of the nitro substituents, which are inclined towards the benzene-ring planes at two different orientations. In the low-temperature phases (120 K), both inclination angles are well maintained, while the disorder is removed. Concomitantly, thebaxis doubles with respect to the room-temperature cell. Each of the low-temperature phases of (I) and (II) contains two pairs of independent molecules, where the molecules in each pair are related by noncrystallographic inversion centres. The molecules within each pair have the same absolute value of the inclination angle. The Flack parameter of the low-temperature phases is very close to 0.5, indicating inversion twinning. This can be envisaged as stacking faults in the low-temperature phases. It seems that competition between the primary amine–nitro N—H...O hydrogen bonds which form three-centred hydrogen bonds is the reason for the disorder of the nitro groups, as well as for the phase transition in both (I) and (II). The backbones of the structures are formed by N—H...N hydrogen bonding of moderate strength which results in the graph-set motifC(3). This graph-set motif forms a zigzag chain parallel to the monoclinicbaxis and is maintained in both the high- and the low-temperature structures. The primary amine groups are pyramidal, with similar geometric values in all four determinations. The high-temperature phase of (II) has been described previously [Gardenet al.(2004).Acta Cryst.C60, o328–o330].

35Cl NQR Studies of Hexachlorometallates(IV) with Organic Cations, A2 [MCl6] and A'[MCl6], M=Sn, Te, Pb and A+, A'2+ = Organic Cation

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Borchers ◽  
Alarich Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Resonance Line ◽  
Organic Cation ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Organic Cations ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
35Cl Nqr ◽  
Low Temperature Phase

Abstract35Cl NQR spectra of eleven hexachlorometallates (IV) A1 [MCl6] and A'[MCl6], M = Sn, Te, Pb, and A+ =ethylammonium, 4-picolinium, anilinium, triethylammonium, chinoxalinium, and piperi-dinium ions, and A'2+ = 1.3-propylenediammonium ion, have been observed as a function of tem-perature. The ethylammonium hexachlorometallates(IV) (C2H5 NH3)2 [MCl6], M = Sn, Te, show a phase transition at 128.8 K and 204 K, respectively. Both compounds yield a single resonance line in their high temperature phases. In case of the stannate this single 35Cl resonance line splits up into two lines at Tc = 128.8 K, whereas for the tellurate no 35Cl NQR signals could be found in the low temperature phase. A phase transition was also found for the 1.3-propylenediammonium hexa-chlorostannate(IV) at 287 K where the six line NQR spectrum of the low temperature phase changes into a four line spectrum. In contrast, the corresponding plumbate shows no transition. All other compounds studied contain distorted [MCl6]2- octahedra, and therefore they yield more than one 35Cl resonance line. The complexes have been investigated in the temperature range temperature where the lines fade out. In case of the hexachlorostannates(IV) with the ethylammonium, the 1.3-propylenediammonium and the triethylammonium ions, the crystal structures of the compounds are known and compared with the results of the 35Cl NQR spectroscopy.

Phase transitions in solid cycloheptene

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Haines ◽  
D. F. R. Gilson
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Proton Spin ◽  
Spin Lattice Relaxation ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Spin Lattice ◽  
Low Temperature Phase

The phase transition behaviour of cycloheptene has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, proton spin-lattice relaxation, and vibrational spectroscopy (infrared and Raman). Two solid–solid phase transitions were observed, at 154 and 210 K, with transition enthalpies and entropies of 5.28 and 0.71 kJ mol−1 and 34.3 and 3.4 JK−1, respectively. Cycloheptene melted at 217 K with an entropy of melting of 4.5 JK−1 mol−1. The bands in the vibrational spectra of the two high temperature phases were broad and featureless, characteristic of highly disordered phases. The presence of other conformers, in addition to the chair form, was indicated from bands in the spectra. The ring inversion mode was highly phase dependent and exhibited soft mode type behaviour prior to the transition from the low temperature phase. The low frequency Raman spectra (external modes) of these phases indicated that the molecules are undergoing isotropic reorientation. In the low temperature phase, the vibrational bands were narrow; the splitting of the fundamentals into two components and the presence of nine external modes are consistent with unit cell symmetry of either C2 or Cs with two molecules per primitive unit cell. A glassy state can be produced from the intermediate phase and the vibrational spectra were very similar to those of the high temperature phases, indicating that static disorder was present. The barriers to reorientation, as obtained from proton spin-lattice relaxation measurements, are 9.0 kJ mol−1 in both the high temperature phases, and 15.4 kJ mol−1 in the low temperature, ordered phase. Keywords: cycloheptene, phase transition, differential scanning calorimetry, NMR, vibrational spectroscopy.

On the Order-Disorder Phase Transformation of Anilinium Halides.

1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 967-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Fecher ◽  
Alarich Weiss ◽  
Gernot Heger
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Ordered Structure ◽  
Low Temperature Phase

Abstract The crystal structure of the low temperature phase of anilinium bromide, C6H5NH3⊕Br⊖, was studied by neutron diffraction at T = 100 K. The refinement supports an ordered structure. The structures of the low and high temperature phases are compared and the mechanism of the phase transformation is discussed.

Superprotonic high temperature phase and refinement of the low temperature structure of CsHSeO4

2001 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Zakharov ◽  
Sergej I. Troyanov ◽  
Erhard Kemnitz
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Phase ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
Superprotonic Phase

AbstractThe crystal structure of the high temperature superprotonic phase of CsHSeO

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