scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Physical Simulation of Heavy Oil Exploitation by Hot Solvent Injection

Geofluids ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Rui Han ◽  
Songyan Li ◽  
Ishaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gravity Drainage ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Solvent Retention

To improve the thermal effects of solvents on heavy oil reservoirs and realize the combined action of multiple flooding mechanisms, such as solvent heating and extraction, without steam mixing, based on the M Block heavy oil reservoir in Canada, three sets of comparative hot solvent-assisted gravity drainage experiments under different temperatures and pressures were carried out through an indoor three-dimensional (3D) physical simulation device. The development characteristics of the solvent chamber in the hot solvent-assisted gravity drainage technology were studied under different pressures and temperatures, and the recovery factor, cumulative oil exchange rate, and solvent retention rate were analyzed. The results showed that due to the effect of gravity differentiation, the development morphology of the solvent chamber could be divided into three stages: rapid ascent, lateral expansion, and slow descent. When the temperature was constant, the reservoir pressure decreased, the recovery rate increased, the cumulative oil exchange rate increased, and the solvent retention rate decreased; when the pressure was constant, the temperature increased, the viscosity of heavy oil decreased, the recovery rate increased, the cumulative oil exchange rate increased, and the solvent retention rate was low. Additionally, the study also showed that for hot solvents in different phases, the use of hot solvent vapor not only required less injected solvent but also exhibited a high oil production rate, which shortened production time and reduced energy consumption. Moreover, the oil recovery rate was higher than 60%, the solvent retention rate was lower than 10%, and the cumulative oil exchange rate was higher than 3  t / t , which constituted better economic benefits and provided a reliable theoretical basis for onsite oilfield applications.

Physical Simulation Experiment Research of Steam and Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 1464-1467
Author(s):  
Li Guo Zhong ◽  
Yan Chao Wang ◽  
Ya Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gravity Drainage ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
High Output

Aiming at the problems in the conventional SAGD production process, taking a heavy oil reservoir in Bohai oilfield for prototype, we design and manufacture a set of three-dimensional physical model which is resistance to high temperature and high pressure. Under the same temperature and pressure, using this physical model we made two sets of indoor experiments. The experimental results show that steam and gas assisted gravity drainage has the characteristics of high output at the early stage, dramatic decrease at the end compared with the SAGD mining, development effect of high pressure reservoir is good when using steam and gas assisted gravity drainage after steam and gas stimulation preheating, recovery of steam and gas assisted gravity drainage after three rounds of steam and gas stimulation preheating is improved significantly.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Process of eMSAGP

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zhang S
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Pressure Effect ◽  
Gravity Drainage ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Oil Sand ◽  
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Heavy Oil Reservoir ◽  
Simulation Results

While SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) has been successfully deployed in recovering heavy oil/oil sand reservoirs, it suffered from low OSR (Oil-Steam-Rate) and chamber growth rate in producing super heavy oil. The SAGP technology is to inject Non-Condensable Gas (NCG) into the reservoir with steam in the SAGD process. By partial pressure effect of NCG, SAGP reduces the heat loss to overburden, thus greatly increasing OSR and reducing the demand for steam. However, it still faces the challenge of uneconomic oil rate. Introducing infill well and operating it in flooding manner, enhanced Modified Steam Assisted Gas Push (eMSAGP) can significantly speed up the growth of steam chamber and improve oil production. This work presented the physical simulation results of eMSAGP and evaluated the feasibility of its application in super heavy oil reservoir.

scholarly journals 3D experimental investigation on enhanced oil recovery by flue gas assisted steam assisted gravity drainage

2021 ◽  
pp. 014459872110065
Author(s):  
Lei Tao ◽  
Xiao Yuan ◽  
Sen Huang ◽  
Nannan Liu ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Thermal Recovery ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Gravity Drainage ◽  
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage

Flue gas assisted steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is a frontier technology to enhance oil recovery for heavy oil reservoirs. The carbon dioxide generated from the thermal recovery of heavy oil can be utilized and consumed to mitigate climate warming for the world. However, most studies are limited to merely use numerical simulation or small physical simulation device and hardly focus on large scale three-dimensions experiment, which cannot fully investigate the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) mechanism of flue gas assisted SAGD, thus the effect of flue gas on SAGD production performance is still not very clear. In this paper, large-scaled and high temperature and pressure resistant 3D physical simulation experiment was conducted, where simulated the real reservoir to a maximum extent, and systematically explored the EOR mechanisms of the flue gas assisted SAGD. Furthermore, the differences between the steam huff and puff, SAGD and flue gas assisted SAGD are discussed. The experimental result showed that the production effect of SAGD was improved by injecting flue gas, with the oil recovery was increased by 5.7%. With the help of thermocouple temperature measuring sensors, changes of temperature field display that flue gas can promote lateral re-development of the steam chamber, and the degree of reservoir exploitation around the horizontal wells has been increased particularly. What’s more, the addition of flue gas further increased the content of light components and decreased the content of heavy by comparing the content of heavy oil components produced in different production times.

Analytical Solutions and Derivation of Relative Permeabilities for Water-Heavy Oil Displacement and Gas-Heavy Oil Gravity Drainage Under Non-Isothermal Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Argüelles-Vivas ◽  
T.. Babadagli
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Relative Permeability ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Spontaneous Imbibition ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Gravity Drainage ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Relative Permeability Curves ◽  
Isothermal Gas

Summary Analytical models were developed for non-isothermal gas/heavy-oil gravity drainage and water-heavy oil displacements in round capillary tubes including the effects of a temperature gradient throughout the system. By use of the model solution for a bundle of capillaries, relative permeability curves were generated at different temperature conditions. The results showed that water/gas-heavy oil interface location, oil-drainage velocity, and production rate depend on the change of oil properties with temperature. The displacement of heavy oil by water or gas was accelerated under a positive temperature gradient, including the spontaneous imbibition of water. Relative permeability curves were greatly affected by temperature gradient and showed significant changes compared with the curves at constant temperature. Clarifications were made as to the effect of variable temperature compared with the constant (but high) temperatures throughout the bundle of capillaries.

scholarly journals Variable Thumb Moment Arm Modeling and Thumb-Tip Force Production of a Human-Like Robotic Hand

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor D. Niehues ◽  
Ashish D. Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Robotic Hand ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Moment Arms ◽  
Musculoskeletal Structure ◽  
Thumb Motion ◽  
Force Vectors

The anatomically correct testbed (ACT) hand mechanically simulates the musculoskeletal structure of the fingers and thumb of the human hand. In this work, we analyze the muscle moment arms (MAs) and thumb-tip force vectors in the ACT thumb in order to compare the ACT thumb's mechanical structure to the human thumb. Motion data are used to determine joint angle-dependent MA models, and thumb-tip three-dimensional (3D) force vectors are experimentally analyzed when forces are applied to individual muscles. Results are presented for both a nominal ACT thumb model designed to match human MAs and an adjusted model that more closely replicates human-like thumb-tip forces. The results confirm that the ACT thumb is capable of faithfully representing human musculoskeletal structure and muscle functionality. Using the ACT hand as a physical simulation platform allows us to gain a better understanding of the underlying biomechanical and neuromuscular properties of the human hand to ultimately inform the design and control of robotic and prosthetic hands.

Revisiting the Butler-Mokrys Model for the Vapor-Extraction Process

SPE Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 511-521
Author(s):  
V.. Mohan ◽  
P.. Neogi ◽  
B.. Bai
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Profile ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Previous Model ◽  
Oil Reservoir ◽  
Vapor Extraction ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Vapor Interface ◽  
Heavy Oil Reservoir

Summary The dynamics of a process in which a solvent in the form of a vapor or gas is introduced in a heavy-oil reservoir is considered. The process is called the solvent vapor-extraction process (VAPEX). When the vapor dissolves in the oil, it reduces its viscosity, allowing oil to flow under gravity and be collected at the bottom producer well. The conservation-of-species equation is analyzed to obtain a more-appropriate equation that differentiates between the velocity within the oil and the velocity at the interface, which can be solved to obtain a concentration profile of the solvent in oil. We diverge from an earlier model in which the concentration profile is assumed. However, the final result provides the rate at which oil is collected, which agrees with the previous model in that it is proportional to h, where h is the pay-zone height; in contrast, some of the later data show a dependence on h. Improved velocity profiles can capture this dependence. A dramatic increase in output is seen if the oil viscosity decreases in the presence of the solvent, although the penetration of the solvent into the oil is reduced because under such conditions the diffusivity decreases with decreased solvent. One other important feature we observe is that when the viscosity-reducing effect is very large, the recovered fluid is mainly solvent. Apparently, some optimum might exist in the solubility φo, where the ratio of oil recovered to solvent lost is the largest. Finally, the present approach also allows us to show how the oil/vapor interface evolves with time.

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