Cervical Cancer Screening: Comparison of conventional Pap smear test, liquid-based cytology and human papillomavirus testing as stand-alone or co-testing strategies

2020 ◽  
pp. cebp.1003.2020
Author(s):  
Linda A Liang ◽  
Thomas Einzmann ◽  
Arno Franzen ◽  
Katja Schwarzer ◽  
Gunther Schauberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Test Liquid ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Testing Strategies ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology

Setting Up a Cytology Laboratory for Cervical Cancer Screening in a Developing Country: A One Year’s Early Experience at a Private Facility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwesigwa Boaz ◽  
Ngoma Febian ◽  
Abila Derrick Bary ◽  
Othieno Emmanuel ◽  
Zahra Award Warsame
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test

Abstract IntroductionWidespread cytology-based method of screening such as Pap smear test has significantly led to a reduction in the incidence and mortality associated with cervical cancer in many developed countries. In these countries, facilities needed for early detection of cervical cancer such as cytology laboratories are existent and generally available to their population. In a developing countries like Somalia, access to cytology services for cervical cancer screening remains limited and as result majority of patients present with advanced stage disease (stage III & IV) that is too difficult to treat.InterventionTo address this challenge, the management of AL-Zahra Specialty Hospital contracted a cytologist based in Uganda to guide in setting-up of cytology laboratory in the heart of Mogadishu, Somalia so as to provide cervical cancer screening and diagnostics services to the population. Other interventions made by the visiting cytologist involved guiding the procurement officer in the purchase of basic equipment, reagents, consumables and training of health care staff. This resulted into conducting 1020 cervical cytological tests over a period of 12months (1st September, 2018 to 30th September 2019).Lesions learntIn order to increase access to cytology services, we learnt that the federal government of Somalia should consider making cervical cytology (pap smear test) as part of routine screening policy for all sexually active women as part of health care package. An increase in sample volume may be improved through awareness campaigns and conducting community screening activities. ConclusionSomalia, a developing country has made great strides towards addressing the limited facilities for cervical cancer screening by using very limited funding. We hope that our experiences shall provide technical guidance & direction to physicians, laboratory managers and investors who wish to establish similar cervical cytology laboratories in an economically constrained low-resource setting.

scholarly journals Determinants and levels of cervical Cancer screening uptake among women of reproductive age in South Africa: evidence from South Africa Demographic and health survey data, 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Ewomazino Akokuwebe ◽  
Erhabor Sunday Idemudia ◽  
Abiel M. Lekulo ◽  
Ogone Warona Motlogeloa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Screening Uptake ◽  
Insurance Cover

Abstract Background Cervical cancer (CC) is the cancer with the most incidents and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in South Africa. CC screening is one of the most cost-effective control approaches for the disease burden. This study assessed the determinants and individual-level indicators of cervical cancer screening uptake among women of reproductive age in South Africa. Methods We analyzed data from the 2016 South Africa Demographic Health Survey. Our analysis focused on 5903 women (15–49 years). We conducted Chi-square test for bivariate analysis, and multivariate binary logistics regression was used to analyze independent association between individual-level factors and women who have had Pap smear testing. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age at cervical cancer screening uptake among women in South Africa was 40.8 years (SD 18.6, range 15–95 years). A majority of the women (39.3%) were aged 45 years and above and 54.6% of them resides in urban settlements. About 35.4% of women (n = 2098) have had a Pap smear test, with 66.5% of them who had a Pap smear test resides in Western Cape province. The proportion of women who had a Pap smear test was significantly higher among those with higher educational attainment (68.7%, p = 0.000), in the rich wealth index (50.1%, p = 0.000), and those with health insurance cover (60.3%, p = 0.000). Pap smear testing was found to be more prevalent among women aged 45+ years, were in the white population group, had higher education, were divorced, and had health insurance cover. The predominance of Pap smear test was 14% higher among women who are working in the professional/formal sector (AOR; 1.38, 95% CI; 1.14–1.69). The uptake of Pap smear test was also higher among women aged 35–44 years. Conclusions The prevalence of cervical cancer uptake is substantially low among women aged 15–24 years in South Africa and shows a degree of between-provinces differences. Therefore, heath educational interventions aimed at increasing the uptake of cervical cancer screening services in South Africa are critically needed.

scholarly journals Determinants of cervical cancer screening via Pap smear among female staff in a tertiary hospital in Niger-Delta of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4285
Author(s):  
Peter A. Awoyesuku ◽  
Basil O. Altraide ◽  
Dagogo A. Mac Pepple
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Hospital Workers ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test

Background: Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of death among women in the developing world, with poor prognosis attributed to lack of awareness about the disease and its prevention. Hospital workers’ attitude and practice to such an issue might positively or negatively influence people they come into contact with. This study is to assess the determinants of cervical cancer screening via Pap smear among Female Staff in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between September and November 2015. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 265 female hospital workers on socio-demographic characteristics (age, parity, educational level and occupational category) and awareness and utilization of Pap smear test. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: Of the 265 respondents, only 40 (15.1%) had Pap smear test done at least once previously. Bivariate analysis of socio-demographic factors and Pap smear test uptake among the respondents was statistically significant for younger maternal age ≤35 years, not being married, higher educational level, professional occupation category and awareness of Pap smear. However, only maternal age, marital status and awareness of Pap smear remain statistically significant after multivariate analysis.Conclusions: Uptake of Pap smear test as a screening test for cervical cancer is low among female hospital workers. Identified determinants of cervical cancer screening via Pap smear test were younger age ≤35 years, not being married, higher educational level, professional occupational category and awareness of Pap smear.

scholarly journals A Study on Cervical Cancer Screening Using Pap Smear Test and Clinical Correlation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Sachan ◽  
PushpLata Sachan ◽  
Meenakshi Singh ◽  
MunnaLal Patel
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test

scholarly journals Study the Rate and Causes of the Screening Test of the Cervix Cancer Among Women in Ardabil City

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Motavalli ◽  
Tavakkol Mousazadeh ◽  
Amir Mousazadeh ◽  
Ayda Fallah Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervix Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Cancer Screening Test ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Cervix cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, particularly in developing countries and Asian countries that many science centers around the world consider the pap smear screening test as the best solution for the control of cervical cancer. Several studies have shown that to tend women for doing a pap smear is regularly decreasing, and about one-fifth of women have not had a pap smear. This study was done to investigate rate and causes of the cervix cancer screening test among women Ardabil. In this cross-sectional study, 300 women referred to health centers in Ardabil were selected by multistage sampling. Data were collected through a researcher made questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS Software version 18 and descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The rate of cervical cancer screening test in this study was 48%. The role of knowledge as personal factors of pap smear screening test was significant statistically (p<0.05). Among the risk factors for cervical cancer, there was observed significant relationship between uterine diseases history and number of pregnancies and pap smear test (p<0.05). Of family and social factors on women's education and employment, occupation and level of education was no significant relationship with using pap smear test. However, there was a significant relationship family history of cancer and pap smear test (p<0.05). In all, prevention is always prior to treatment. One of the prevention ways is the screening test. Early diagnosis and early treatment of cervical cancer has a key role. So the female population needs planning by intervention programs for health education and regular screening to prevent cancer.

scholarly journals Study the Rate and Causes of the Screening Test of the Cervix Cancer Among Women in Ardabil City

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Roya Motavalli ◽  
Tavakkol Mousazadeh ◽  
Amir Mousazadeh ◽  
Ayda Fallah Asadi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervix Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Cancer Screening Test ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Cervix cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, particularly in developing countries and Asian countries that many science centers around the world consider the pap smear screening test as the best solution for the control of cervical cancer. Several studies have shown that to tend women for doing a pap smear is regularly decreasing, and about one-fifth of women have not had a pap smear. This study was done to investigate rate and causes of the cervix cancer screening test among women Ardabil. In this cross-sectional study, 300 women referred to health centers in Ardabil were selected by multistage sampling. Data were collected through a researcher made questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS Software version 18 and descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The rate of cervical cancer screening test in this study was 48%. The role of knowledge as personal factors of pap smear screening test was significant statistically (p<0.05). Among the risk factors for cervical cancer, there was observed significant relationship between uterine diseases history and number of pregnancies and pap smear test (p<0.05). Of family and social factors on women's education and employment, occupation and level of education was no significant relationship with using pap smear test. However, there was a significant relationship family history of cancer and pap smear test (p<0.05). In all, prevention is always prior to treatment. One of the prevention ways is the screening test. Early diagnosis and early treatment of cervical cancer has a key role. So the female population needs planning by intervention programs for health education and regular screening to prevent cancer.

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