Age-Related Association of Calcitonin with Parameters of Anthropometry, Bone and Calcium Metabolism during Childhood

Introduction: The thyroid parafollicular hormone calcitonin (CT) shows particularly high blood levels in early childhood, a period of high bone turnover, which decrease with increasing age. Data about the physiological role of CT during infancy, childhood, and adolescence are contradictory or lacking. Objective: We hypothesize that CT demonstrates age-related correlations with parameters of bone growth and turnover as well as with parameters of calcium homeostasis. Methods: 5,410 measurements of anthropometric data and venous blood samples were collected from 2,636 participants of the LIFE Child study, aged 2 months–18 years. Univariate correlations and multiple regression analysis were performed between serum CT and anthropometric indicators (height standard deviation scores [SDS] and BMI-SDS), markers of calcium (Ca) homeostasis (Ca, parathyroid hormone, 25-OH vitamin D, and phosphate [P]), bone formation (procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide [P1NP], osteocalcin), and bone resorption (β-CrossLaps). Results: CT was significantly associated with Ca (β = 0.26, p < 0.05) and P1NP/100 (β = 0.005, p < 0.05) in children aged 2 months–1.1 years. These relations were independent of age and sex and could not be confirmed in children aged 1.1–8 years. Independent of age, sex, puberty, P, and height SDS CT showed a significant positive relation to Ca (β = 0.26; p < 0.001) in children aged 8–18 years. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a unique association between CT and Ca in periods of rapid bone growth and point to a possible involvement of CT in promoting bone formation during the first year of life.

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Child Nutrition and Bone Health

Journal of Child Science ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1669402 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 08 (01) ◽

pp. e67-e74

Author(s):

Lucía Redondo-Cuevas ◽

Jesús Sanchis-Chordà ◽

Pilar Codoñer-Franch

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Health ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Modifiable Factors

AbstractNutrition is one of the modifiable factors that contributes to bone accrual during childhood and adolescence, a critical period to prevent adult osteoporosis. Calcium and vitamin D seem to be the most important nutrients for optimal bone growth. Requirements for calcium intake are different among countries and organizations, and exact recommendations are difficult to determine since other dietary factors directly affect calcium metabolism, such as salt intake and vitamin D levels. Some scientists have suggested that the actual calcium requirements are overestimated and that increased dairy intake does not necessarily translate to better bone health in adults. Moreover, calcium can be obtained from other natural foods, such as cruciferous vegetables (turnip greens, broccoli rabe, kale, broccoli, and cabbage), endive, sesame seeds, legumes, almonds, calcium-fortified vegetable beverages, and canned sardines. Vitamin D should be obtained from food combined with appropriate sun exposure, and if that is not enough, vitamin D supplements can be used. Diets comprised a complex combination of nutrients and foods, and dietary patterns in children and adolescents play a key role in bone formation. A dietary pattern that is high in vegetables and fruits and low in processed foods (containing large amounts of added sugar and salt) is necessary to achieve optimal bone formation. Finally, physical activity, particularly activities that apply large forces, is even more important than dietary factors to contribute to bone accrual.

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Arterio-Venous Differences in the Components of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1655624 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 16 (01/02) ◽

pp. 032-037 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D Ogston ◽

C. M Ogston ◽

N. B Bennett

Keyword(s):

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Enzyme System ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Activator Concentration ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Male Subjects

Summary1. The concentration of the major components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system was compared in venous and arterial blood samples from male subjects.2. The plasminogen activator concentration was higher in venous blood and the arterio-venous difference increased as its concentration rose, but the ratio of the arterial to venous level remained constant.3. No arterio-venous difference was found for anti-urokinase activity, antiplasmin, plasminogen and fibrinogen.4. It is concluded that venous blood determinations of the components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system reflect satisfactorily arterial blood levels.

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Additive-manufactured Ti-6Al-4 V/Polyetheretherketone composite porous cage for Interbody fusion: bone growth and biocompatibility evaluation in a porcine model

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-04022-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pei-I Tsai ◽

Meng-Huang Wu ◽

Yen-Yao Li ◽

Tzu-Hung Lin ◽

Jane S. C. Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Lumbar Fusion ◽

High Porosity ◽

Ti Alloy ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Intervertebral Fusion ◽

Porous Ti ◽

Peek Composite

Abstract Background We developed a porous Ti alloy/PEEK composite interbody cage by utilizing the advantages of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium alloy (Ti alloy) in combination with additive manufacturing technology. Methods Porous Ti alloy/PEEK composite cages were manufactured using various controlled porosities. Anterior intervertebral lumbar fusion and posterior augmentation were performed at three vertebral levels on 20 female pigs. Each level was randomly implanted with one of the five cages that were tested: a commercialized pure PEEK cage, a Ti alloy/PEEK composite cage with nonporous Ti alloy endplates, and three composite cages with porosities of 40, 60, and 80%, respectively. Micro-computed tomography (CT), backscattered-electron SEM (BSE-SEM), and histological analyses were performed. Results Micro-CT and histological analyses revealed improved bone growth in high-porosity groups. Micro-CT and BSE-SEM demonstrated that structures with high porosities, especially 60 and 80%, facilitated more bone formation inside the implant but not outside the implant. Histological analysis also showed that bone formation was higher in Ti alloy groups than in the PEEK group. Conclusion The composite cage presents the biological advantages of Ti alloy porous endplates and the mechanical and radiographic advantages of the PEEK central core, which makes it suitable for use as a single implant for intervertebral fusion.

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Ions release behavior of vanadium-doped mesoporous bioactive glass particles and effect on BMSCs osteogenic differentiation via FAK/MAPK signaling pathway

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/d1tb01479j ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiangfeng Li ◽

Junying Li ◽

Yuhao Wei ◽

Na Xu ◽

Jingtao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Release Behavior ◽

Pentavalent Vanadium ◽

Important Trace Element ◽

Vanadium Ions ◽

Mesoporous Bioactive Glass

Vanadium is an important trace element in bone to involve in bone metabolism, bone formation, and bone growth, but roles of various vanadium ions, especially pentavalent vanadium, in bone tissue...

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Experiments on skeletal growth and development in vitro in relation to the problem of avian phokomelia

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1935.0052 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 118 (807) ◽

pp. 133-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Histological Study ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Body Parts ◽

Continue Development ◽

Hatching Time ◽

Stage Of Development

The experiments to be reported in the following pages were suggested by observations made by one of us on the so-called Creeper fowl. Creeper chickens are characterized by a disproportionate shortness of the long bones of the extremities. Histological study has shown that Creeper chickens belong in the same category as the disproportionate dwarfism of mammals known as chondrodystrophy or achondroplasia (Landauer, 1931) . The Creeper characters are inherited as a Mendelian dominant and are lethal in homozygous condition (Landauer and Dunn, 1930). Homozygous Creeper embryos generally die after about 72 hours of incubation, but in rare cases they survive beyond this stage and continue development up to nearly hatching time. These late stages of homozygous Creeper embryos exhibit striking malformations of the extremities which are known as phokomelia (Landauer, 1933). A study of the early embryonic development of homozygous Creeper embryos (Landauer, 1932) led to the conclusion that the effects of the Creeper mutation are not brought about by specific gene action on those body parts which later show deformities, but by a general retardation of body growth at a definite stage of development. This conclusion was strengthened by a detailed comparison of embryonic and post-natal bone growth in heterozygous Creeper and normal chickens (Landauer, 1934). All evidence which so far has been obtained in this work points to the conclusion that the characteristic traits of heterozygous as well as homozygous Creeper chicks are produced by an unspecific retardation of development at a time when formation of the buds of the extremities (and of the head which in homozygous embryos also shows deformities later on) are proceeding at a particularly rapid rate, thereby causing specific disturbances in the differentiation of these parts. It seemed to us that it should be possible to put these conclusions to an experimental test. The most promising way of approach appeared to be an attempt to produce in vitro the extreme abnormalities of bone formation shown by the extremities of phokomelic homozygous Creeper embryos. These abnormalities chiefly consist in (1) a general retardation of cartilage differentiation; (2) lack of bone formation; and (3) frequent partial fusion of ulna and radius on the one hand, tibia and fibula on the other, or presence of only one bone in these segments instead of two.

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Parathyroid hormone induces bone formation in phosphorylation-deficient PTHR1 knockin mice

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00380.2011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 302 (10) ◽

pp. E1183-E1188 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nabanita S. Datta ◽

Tareq A. Samra ◽

Abdul B. Abou-Samra

Keyword(s):

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Receptor Internalization ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Trabecular Thickness ◽

Receptor Complexes ◽

Diaphyseal Bone ◽

Anabolic Action

Activation of G protein-coupled receptors by agonists leads to receptor phosphorylation, internalization of ligand receptor complexes, and desensitization of hormonal response. The role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor 1, PTHR1, is well characterized and known to regulate cellular responsiveness in vitro. However, the role of PTHR1 phosphorylation in bone formation is yet to be investigated. We have previously demonstrated that impaired internalization and sustained cAMP stimulation of phosphorylation-deficient (PD) PTHR1 leads to exaggerated cAMP response to subcutaneous PTH infusion in a PD knockin mouse model. To understand the physiological role of receptor internalization on PTH bone anabolic action, we examined bone parameters of wild-type (WT) and PD knockin female and male mice following PTH treatment. We found a decrease in total and diaphyseal bone mineral density in female but not in male PD mice compared with WT controls at 3–6 mo of age. This effect was attenuated at older age groups. PTH administration displayed increased bone volume and trabecular thickness in the vertebrae and distal femora of both WT and PD animals. These results suggest that PTHR1 phosphorylation does not play a major role in the anabolic action of PTH.

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Abstract 3426: Myostatin Deletion Preserves Cardiac Function in Senescent Mice

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.118.suppl_18.s_421-d ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽

Author(s):

Michael R Morissette ◽

Janelle C Stricker ◽

Anthony Rosenzweig

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Function ◽

Rhode Island ◽

Cardiac Fibrosis ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Heart Association ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Heart Weight ◽

Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Age Related

Myostatin (MSTN) is a well-known negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, and MSTN inhibition is being considered as therapy for multiple conditions associated with muscle wasting, including sarcopenia of aging. We have previously shown that MSTN inhibits phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, however whether MSTN has a physiological role in regulating cardiac hypertrophy or function at baseline or with aging remains unclear. To determine if MSTN is dynamically regulated with aging, we performed QRT-PCR on hearts from male wild-type (WT) senescent mice (24 months old (mos)) and rats (32 mos). MSTN mRNA levels were increased in old versus young (4 mos) hearts (2.5- and 4-fold respectively, p<0.05). To study the functional significance of MSTN in aging, we maintained germline MSTN-knockout mice (MSTN −/− ) and their WT littermates for 24 –27 months. We found no difference in heart weight of aged male MSTN −/− compared to WT mice (162.5±17.0 (n=4) vs 153.2±4.2 (n=4) mg, p=0.51), which would argue against an inhibitory role for MSTN in age-related increases in cardiac mass. We also performed echocardiography on unanesthetized senescent MSTN −/− and WT mice. MSTN −/− mice had better fractional shortening (58.1±2.0 (n=7) vs 49.4±1.2 (n=8) %, p=0.002) and smaller LV end-diastolic diameter (3.41±0.19 vs 2.71±0.14 mm, p=0.012) compared to WT. The decreased cardiac function seen in aged WT mice was associated with increased cardiac fibrosis on Masson-Trichrome stained sections. Western blot analysis also demonstrated a 3.3-fold increase in phospholamban phosphorylation in MSTN −/− hearts (p<0.05), compared to WT, while no differences in SERCA2a or calsequestrin protein levels were seen. We conclude that MSTN increases in the heart with aging, and that genetic deletion of MSTN results in improved cardiac function without a difference in heart mass in senescent mice. Decreased cardiac fibrosis and increased inhibition (phosphorylation) of phospholamban likely contribute to the better cardiac function seen in senescent MSTN −/− mice. These results suggest that inhibiting MSTN for sarcopenia in the elderly may also benefit cardiac function and could represent a novel therapeutic approach for ameliorating cardiac dysfunction and/or fibrosis. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Founders Affiliate (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont).

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Growth Dynamic of Allogeneic and Autogenous Bone Grafts in a Vertical Model

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201801994 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 325-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Julio Leonardo de Oliveira Lima ◽

Daniel Isaac Sendyk ◽

Wilson Roberto Sendyk ◽

Cristiane Ibanhes Polo ◽

Luciana Correa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Pure Titanium ◽

Bone Grafts ◽

Autogenous Bone ◽

Growth Dynamic ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Fresh Frozen ◽

Hollow Cylinders ◽

Autogenous Bone Grafts

Abstract Several techniques have been proposed for vertical bone regeneration, and many of them use bone autogenous and allogeneic grafts. The purpose of this study was to compare demineralised freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA), fresh-frozen (FF) allografts, autogenous bone grafts to find differences between volumetric and histological quantity of bone formation and vertical bone growth dynamic. A vertical tissue regeneration bone model was performed in rabbit calvarias under general anaesthesia. Four hollow cylinders of pure titanium were screwed onto external cortical bone calvarias in eight rabbits. Each one of the cylinders was randomly filled with one intervention: DFDBA, FF, autogenous bone, or left to be filled with blood clot (BC) as control. Allogeneic grafts were obtained from a ninth animal following international standardised protocols for the harvesting, processing, and cryopreservation of allografts. Autogenous graft was obtained from the host femur scraping before adapting hollow cylinders. Animals were euthanized at 13 weeks. Vertical volume was calculated after probe device measurements of the new formed tissue inside the cylinders and after titanium cylinders were removed. Histomorphometry and fluorochrome staining were used to analyse quantity and dynamic of bone formation, respectively. Results showed that DFDBA and fresh-frozen bone improved the velocity and the quantity of bone deposition in distant portions of the basal plane of grafting. Remaining material in allograft groups was more intense than in autogenous group. Both allografts can be indicated as reliable alternatives for volume gain and vertical bone augmentation.

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Depressive Illnesses in Children and Adolescents: A Review of Current Concepts

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674378503000208 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 119-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

B.J. Mcconville ◽

R.T. Bruce

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Considerable Progress ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Age Related ◽

Developmental Age ◽

The Subject ◽

Made In

Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of depressive illnesses in childhood and adolescence, especially over the last several years. A number of major books on the subject have now appeared, along with a large number of individual papers. This paper attempts to summarize current knowledge, and indicates developmental, age-related and other issues which still require further study.

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