scholarly journals Screening Novel Drug Candidates for Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Treatment: A Study on Differentially Expressed Genes through the Connectivity Map Database

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bin Gao ◽  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
Miaomiao Han ◽  
Yubo Zhang ◽  
...  

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a common cancer with high morbidity and mortality in renal cancer. Thus, the transcriptome data of KIRC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were analyzed and drug candidates for the treatment of KIRC were explored through the connectivity map (CMap) database. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The transcriptome data of KIRC patients were downloaded from TCGA database, and KIRC-associated hub genes were screened out through differential analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Afterward, the CMap database was used to select drug candidates for KIRC treatment, and the drug-targeted genes were obtained through the STITCH database. A PPI network was constructed by combining drug-targeted genes with hub genes that affected the pathogenesis of KIRC to obtain final hub genes. Finally, combining hub genes and KIRC-associated hub genes, the pathways affected by drugs were explored by pathway enrichment analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 2,312 differentially expressed genes were found in patients, which were concentrated in immune cell activity, cytokine, and chemokine secretion pathways. Drug screening disclosed 5 drug candidates for KIRC treatment: fedratinib, Ly344864, geldanamycin, AS-605240, and luminespib. Based on drug-targeted genes and KIRC-associated hub genes, 16 hub genes were screened out. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that drugs mainly affected pathways such as neuroactive ligand pathways, cell adhesion, and chemokines. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The above results indicated that fedratinib, LY 344864, geldanamycin, AS-605240, and luminespib could be used as candidates for KIRC therapy. The findings from this study will make contributions to the treatment of KIRC in the future.

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghui Gui ◽  
Xueni Liu ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Peng Yang

Abstract Background Pituitary tumor transforming genes (PTTG1, PTTG2, and PTTG3P) play key roles in the pathogenesis and development of human cancers. The studies show that overexpression of the PTTG genes is associated with tumor progression and migration. However, the function of the PTTG genes in the prognostic value of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma is rarely known by people. Methods The expression of PTTG family genes was analyzed by the ONCOMINE, Human Protein Atlas, GEPIA2, and UALCAN database. The relationship between PTTG family genes expression level and clinical indicators including prognostic data in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma was analyzed by GEPIA2, TCGA portal, and UALCAN. cBioPortal database was used to analyze the genetic mutations of differentially expressed PTTG family members. Similar genes of the PTTG family (90 in total) obtained from GEPIA2 and Metascape were used for GO enrichment to explore the interaction among similar genes. The online tools of Metascape and STRING were used for functional and pathway enrichment analysis. Results PTTG1, 2, and 3P mRNA and protein expression upregulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma kidney renal clear cell carcinoma patients compared with normal tissues. And higher expression level of PTTG family genes was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, overexpression of the PTTG family genes had been found correlated with individual cancer stages and pathological tumor grades. In addition, 18% of mutations in the PTTG family genes were associated with short-term survival in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma patients. Conclusions A single PTTG gene or PTTG family genes as a whole may be a potential prognostic biomarker for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Yu ◽  
Huaji Shen ◽  
Xiaohan Ren ◽  
Anqi Wang ◽  
Shu Zhu ◽  
...  

AbstractEndometriosis (EMS) is a disease that shows immune dysfunction and chronic inflammation characteristics, suggesting a role of complement system in its pathophysiology. To find out the hub genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of EMs, three raw microarray datasets were recruited from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). Then, a series of bioinformatics technologies including gene ontology (GO), Hallmark pathway enrichment, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and gene co-expression correlation analysis were performed to identify hub genes. The hub genes were further verified by the Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot (WB). We identified 129 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in EMs, of which 78 were up-regulated and 51 were down-regulated. Through GO functional enrichment analysis, we found that the DEGs are mainly enriched in cell adhesion, extracellular matrix remodeling, chemokine regulation, angiogenesis regulation, epithelial cell proliferation, et al. In Hallmark pathway enrichment analysis, coagulation pathway showed great significance and the terms in which included the central complement factors. Moreover, the genes were dominating in PPI network. Combined co-expression analysis with experimental verification, we found that the up-regulated expression of complement (C1S, C1QA, C1R, and C3) was positively related to tissue factor (TF) in EMs. In this study, we discovered the over expression complement and the positive correlation between complement and TF in EMs, which suggested that interaction of complement and coagulation system may play a role within the pathophysiology of EMS.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavaraj Vastrad ◽  
Chanabasayya Vastrad

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cardiovascular diseases in worldwide, yet relatively little is known about the genes and signaling pathways involved in MI progression. The present investigation aimed to elucidate potential crucial candidate genes and pathways in MI. expression profiling by high throughput sequencing dataset (GSE132143) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which included data from 20 MI samples and 12 normal control samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using t-tests in the DESeq2 R package. These DEGs were subsequently investigated by Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network were constructed and analyzed. Hub genes were validated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. In total, 958 DEGs were identified, of which 480 were up regulated and 478 were down regulated. GO and pathway enrichment analysis results revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in, immune system, neuronal system, response to stimulus, and multicellular organismal process. A PPI network, modules, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network was constructed by using Cytoscape software, and CFTR, CDK1, RPS13, RPS15A, RPS27, NOTCH1, MRPL12, NOS2, CCDC85B and ATN1 were identified as the hub genes. Our results highlight the important roles of the genes including CFTR, CDK1, RPS13, RPS15A, RPS27, NOTCH1, MRPL12, NOS2, CCDC85B and ATN1 in MI pathogenesis or therapeutic management.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guona Li ◽  
Mengmeng Kang ◽  
Siyuan Sheng ◽  
Ziyi Chen ◽  
Kunshan Li ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system. It is crucial to screen potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and prognosis of CRC because there are limited clinical symptoms associated with this cancer. Therefore, we attempted to identify biomarkers associated with the occurrence and progression of CRC by utilizing bioinformatic analysis and to elucidate a molecular mechanism for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. Methods: Two independent gene expression profile datasets of colonic neoplasms (GSE44076 and GSE37182) were collected from public GEO datasets, which included 182 tumor tissues and 236 normal tissues. Next, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CRC colonic samples and non-CRC colonic samples were obtained via GEO2R online tools. Subsequently, hub genes were selected by several analyses of DEGs, including GO pathway enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and PPI network analysis. Finally, the correlation between the hub genes and the occurrence of CRC was tested by harnessing survival analysis and ROC curve analysis. Results: Sixty-one shared DEGs were screened, including 44 high-expression genes and 17 low-expression genes, in CRC samples. Four genes (MYC, TIMP1, MMP7, and COL1A1) were considered to be hub genes because they exhibited higher connectivity degree scores through PPI network analysis. More importantly, there was a significant correlation between increased expression of TIMP1 and reduced survival time in patients with colorectal cancer. Conclusion: By using bioinformatic analysis, this study suggested that Timp-1 may represent a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of targeted molecular therapy for CRC.


Author(s):  
Xitong Yang ◽  
Pengyu Wang ◽  
Shanquan Yan ◽  
Guangming Wang

AbstractStroke is a sudden cerebrovascular circulatory disorder with high morbidity, disability, mortality, and recurrence rate, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this study, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of stroke and related key genes, so as to study the potential pathogenesis of stroke and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Gene Expression profiles of GSE58294 and GSE16561 were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IS and normal control group. The different expression genes (DEGs) between IS and normal control group were screened with the GEO2R online tool. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), the function and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGS were performed. Then, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database. Cytoscape with CytoHubba were used to identify the hub genes. Finally, NetworkAnalyst was used to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs) of the hub genes. A total of 85 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 65 upward genes and 20 downward genes. In addition, 3 KEGG pathways, cytokine − cytokine receptor interaction, hematopoietic cell lineage, B cell receptor signaling pathway, were significantly enriched using a database for labeling, visualization, and synthetic discovery. In combination with the results of the PPI network and CytoHubba, 10 hub genes including CEACAM8, CD19, MMP9, ARG1, CKAP4, CCR7, MGAM, CD79A, CD79B, and CLEC4D were selected. Combined with DEG-miRNAs visualization, 5 miRNAs, including hsa-mir-146a-5p, hsa-mir-7-5p, hsa-mir-335-5p, and hsa-mir-27a- 3p, were predicted as possibly the key miRNAs. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of ischemic stroke, and provide a new strategy for clinical therapy.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perumal Jayaraj ◽  
Seema Sen ◽  
Pranjal Vats ◽  
Shefali Dahiya ◽  
Vanshika Mohindroo

Background: Eyelid BCC accounts for more than 90% of Eyelid malignant neoplasms. Various aberrant signalling pathways and genes in Non-Ocular BCC have been found whereas Eyelid bcc remains elusive. Objective: This study aims to find the common DEGs of Eyelid and Non-Ocular BCC using bioinformatic analysis and text mining to gain more insights into the molecular aspects common to both BCC non-ocular and Eyelid BCC and to identify common potential prognostic markers. Material and method: The Gene Expression profiles of Eyelid BCC (GSE103439) and Non-Ocular BCC (GSE53462) were obtained from the NCBI GEO database followed by identification of common DEGs. Protein-Protein interaction and Pathway Enrichment analysis of these screened genes was done using bioinformatic tools like STRING, Cytoscape and BiNGO, DAVID, KEGG respectively. Results: A total of 181 genes were found common in both datasets. A PPI network was formed for the screened genes and 20 HUB genes were sorted which included CTNNB1, MAPK14, BTRC, EGFR, ADAM17. Pathway enrichment of HUB genes showed that they were dysregulated in carcinogenic and apoptotic pathways that seem to play a role in the progression of both the BCC. Conclusion: The result and findings of bioinformatic analysis highlighted the molecular pathways and genes enriched in both Eyelid BCC as well as Non- Ocular BCC. The identified pathways should be studied further to recognise common molecular events that would lead to the progression of BCC. This may provide a window to explore the prognostic and therapeutic strategies common to both BCC. Keywords: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), Cancer, Microarray, Ophthalmology, Tumour marker


Author(s):  
Moumita Mukherjee ◽  
Srikanta Goswami

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a significant role in multiple cellular processes with their deregulations strongly associated with cancer. However, there are not adequate evidences regarding global alteration and functions of RBPs in pancreatic cancer, interrogated in a systematic manner. In this study, we have prepared an exhaustive list of RBPs from multiple sources, downloaded gene expression microarray data from a total of 241 pancreatic tumors and 124 normal pancreatic tissues, performed a meta-analysis, and obtained differentially expressed RBPs (DE-RBPs) using the Limma package of R Bioconductor. The results were validated in microarray datasets and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA sequencing dataset for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using DE-RBPs, and we also constructed the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network to detect key modules and hub-RBPs. Coding and noncoding targets for top altered and hub RBPs were identified, and altered pathways modulated by these targets were also investigated. Our meta-analysis identified 45 upregulated and 15 downregulated RBPs as differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer, and pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated their important contribution in tumor development. As a result of PPI network analysis, 26 hub RBPs were detected and coding and noncoding targets for all these RBPs were categorized. Functional exploration characterized the pathways related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration, and metastasis to emerge as major pathways interfered by the targets of these RBPs. Our study identified a unique meta-signature of 26 hub-RBPs to primarily modulate pancreatic tumor cell migration and metastasis in pancreatic cancer. IGF2BP3, ISG20, NIP7, PRDX1, RCC2, RUVBL1, SNRPD1, PAIP2B, and SIDT2 were found to play the most prominent role in the regulation of EMT in the process. The findings not only contribute to understand the biology of RBPs in pancreatic cancer but also to evaluate their candidature as possible therapeutic targets.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongjiong Zheng ◽  
Yaosen SHao ◽  
Mingming Wang ◽  
Yeli Tang ◽  
Meiling Hu

Abstract BackgroundTumor microenvironment has been implicated in the development and progression of cancers. However, the prognostic significance of tumor microenvironment-related genes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains unclear. MethodsIn this study, we obtained and analyzed gene expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Stromal and immune scores were calculated based on the ESTIMATE algorithm. ResultsIn the discovery series of 537 patients, we identified a list of differentially expressed genes which was significantly associated with prognosis in KIRC patients. Protein-protein interaction networks and functional enrichment analysis were both performed, indicating that these identified genes were related to the immune response. ConclusionsThe tumor microenvironment-related genes could serve as the potential biomarkers for KIRC.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liancheng Zhu ◽  
Mingzi Tan ◽  
Haoya Xu ◽  
Bei Lin

Abstract Background: Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a novel serum biomarker for diagnosing epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with high specificity and sensitivity, compared with CA125. Recent studies have focused on the roles of HE4 in promoting carcinogenesis and chemoresistance in EOC; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its action remain poorly understood. This study was conducted to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying HE4 stimulation and identifying key genes and pathways mediating carcinogenesis in EOC by microarray and bioinformatics analysis.Methods: We established a stable HE4-silenced ES-2 ovarian cancer cell line labeled as “S”; the S cells were stimulated with the active HE4 protein, yielding cells labeled as “S4”. Human whole-genome microarray analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in S4 and S cells. The “clusterProfiler” package in R, DAVID, Metascape, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were used to perform gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis, and cBioPortal was used for WFDC2 coexpression analysis. The GEO dataset (GSE51088) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to validate the results. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and modular analyses were performed using Metascape and Cytoscape, respectively. Results: In total, 713 DEGs were identified (164 upregulated and 549 downregulated) and further analyzed by GO, pathway enrichment, and PPI analyses. We found that the MAPK pathway accounted for a significant large number of the enriched terms. WFDC2 coexpression analysis revealed ten WFDC2-coexpressed genes (TMEM220A, SEC23A, FRMD6, PMP22, APBB2, DNAJB4, ERLIN1, ZEB1, RAB6B, and PLEKHF1) whose expression levels were dramatically altered in S4 cells; this was validated using the GSE51088 dataset. Kaplan–Meier survival statistics revealed that all 10 target genes were clinically significant. Finally, in the PPI network, 16 hub genes and 8 molecular complex detections (MCODEs) were identified; the seeds of the five most significant MCODEs were subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses and their clinical relevance was evaluated.Conclusions: Through microarray and bioinformatics analyses, we identified DEGs and determined a comprehensive gene network following active HE4 stimulation in EOC cells. We proposed several possible mechanisms underlying the action of HE4 and identified the therapeutic and prognostic targets of HE4 in EOC.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Liu ◽  
Bolong Wang

Abstract Background: Jianghuang (JH) is a popular ingredient in blood-regulating traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that could be effective for the treatment of various diseases. We demonstrate the compatibility laws and system pharmacological mechanisms of the key formula containing JH by leveraging data mining of bioinformatics databases.Material/Methods: The compatibility laws of blood-regulating formulae containing JH from the Chinese Traditional Medicine Formula Dictionary were analyzed using a generalized rule induction (GRI) algorithm implemented. The putative target gene and miRNA were retrieved via a combination of the Arrowsmith knowledge discovery tool and FunRich 3.1.3. System pharmacological mechanisms are traced by their protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using Uniprot, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), STRING 11.0, and KOBAS 3.0.Results: We found that the JH-CX-DG formula (Ligusticum chuanxiong-Angelica sinensis) could represent a key formula containing JH in blood-regulating TCM formulae. The JH-CX-DG formula was observed to directly target AKT, TLR4, caspase-3, PI3K, mTOR, p38 MAPK, VEGF, iNOS, Nrf2, BDNF, NF-κB, Bcl-2, and Bax 13 targets and regulate targets through 13 miRNA. The PPI network and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the JH-CX-DG formula possess potential pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, improving microcirculation, and anti-tumor through the regulation of multiple pathways including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, Toll-like receptor, T cell receptor, EGFR, VEGFR, Apoptosis, HIF-1 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The JH-CX-DG formula can exert beneficial pharmacological effects through multi-target and multi-pathway interactions. It can be effectively administered for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, microcirculation disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. We found a new effective drug formula through analyzing the compatibility law and systemic pharmacological mechanism of JH. Our study provides a theoretical basis and directions for subsequent research on the JH-CX-DG formula.


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