Peanut Component Ara h 1 and 2 Sensitization in Patients with Food Allergy in Kuwait

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mona Al-Ahmad ◽  
Edin Jusufovic ◽  
Nermina Arifhodzic ◽  
Tito Rodriguez-Bouza
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Local Reaction ◽  
Western World ◽  
Ara H 2 ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Ara H 1 ◽  
Peanut Proteins

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> There is limited knowledge on the sensitization patterns to peanut proteins and food allergy in the Middle East. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between sensitization patterns to peanut proteins and clinical symptoms in a group of patients with physician-diagnosed peanut allergy (PA) in Kuwait. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> PA patients were evaluated by the skin prick test (SPT), serum total IgE, peanut-specific IgE (sIgE), and sIgE against Ara h 1–3, 8, and 9, and clinical data were collected. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Sixty-nine patients were included. A positive correlation between peanut SPT and sIgE was detected for all 3 storage proteins (Ara h 1–3) in patients &#x3c;6 years old and for Ara h 1 and 2 in older patients. ROC analysis of positive correlations showed that oral food challenge should be considered for definite diagnosis of PA only if the level of Ara h 2 is &#x3c;22.25 KUA/L, with level of Ara h 2 ≥15.4 allowing the detection of systemic reactions with a sensitivity of 55.56%. Patients presenting with systemic reactions more frequently had positive Ara h 1 (88.9%) and Ara h 2 (83.3%), compared with 44.1% and 52.9% in those with local reaction (<i>p</i> = 0.0046 and <i>p</i> = 0.0378). The levels of Ara h 1 and 2 were also significantly higher in patients with systemic reactions compared to those with a local reaction, with those differences being especially relevant for Ara h 2 (15.9 vs. 0.4) (<i>p</i> = 0.0005). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The pattern of sensitization to peanut proteins in the Middle East is similar to that of the Western world. Measurement of sIgE antibodies to Ara h 1, 2, and 3 is useful in the diagnosis of PA and in the investigation of reactions to raw and roasted peanuts.

scholarly journals A phase 1 study of heat/phenol-killed,E. coli-encapsulated, recombinant modified peanut proteins Ara h 1, Ara h 2, and Ara h 3 (EMP-123) for the treatment of peanut allergy

Allergy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Wood ◽  
S. H. Sicherer ◽  
A. W. Burks ◽  
A. Grishin ◽  
A. K. Henning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Allergy ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 1 Study ◽  
Ara H 2 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ara H 1 ◽  
Ara H 3 ◽  
Peanut Proteins

US and Russian policies and strategies in the Middle East: Iraq and Syria as a model

2019 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Esraa Aladdin Noori ◽  
Nasser Zain AlAbidine Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Western World ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
East Region ◽  
Middle East Region

The Russian-American relations have undergone many stages of conflict and competition over cooperation that have left their mark on the international balance of power in the Middle East. The Iraqi and Syrian crises are a detailed development in the Middle East region. The Middle East region has allowed some regional and international conflicts to intensify, with the expansion of the geopolitical circle, which, if applied strategically to the Middle East region, covers the area between Afghanistan and East Asia, From the north to the Maghreb to the west and to the Sudan and the Greater Sahara to the south, its strategic importance will seem clear. It is the main lifeline of the Western world.

Ronald Holroyd, 1904 - 1973

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 235-245
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Western World ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Technical School ◽  
Technical Drawing ◽  
Sporting Goods ◽  
Outstanding Work

It was a tragic irony of fate that Ronald Holroyd should have died on 29 September 1973, just on the eve of the energy crisis which suddenly and dramatically focused the attention of the Western World on the urgency of finding an alternative fuel to Middle East oil, which had almost overnight become scarce and expensive. For the outstanding work of Holroyd s career, before and during the last war, was in attempting to provide a liquid fuel based on coal, and, apart from a wartime success when availability was the paramount consideration, these attempts failed largely because Middle East oil was plentiful and cheap. Ronald Holroyd was born at Horbury, near Wakefield, on 26 April 1904, the son of Sykes and Florence Holroyd. His father started work as a boy of eleven at the firm of Sykes Bros, sporting goods’ manufacturers at Horbury, and attended evening classes at Wakefield where he proved to be a first class student and was subsequently invited to teach in the evenings. This work increased and as a result he was invited to join the full time staff of the Miming and Technical School at Barnsley, where he taught mathematics, mechanics and technical drawing. He had a quick and lively mind which remained with him until he died, a few years ago, at the age of 92, still absorbed in mathematics. Florence Holroyd, his wife, was a teacher and there is no doubt that Ronald Holroyd owed a great deal to their deep interest in educational matters, and to their encouragement in his formative years.

scholarly journals Dose dependence of efficacy but not of safety in sublingual immunotherapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Frati ◽  
C. Incorvaia ◽  
F. Marcucci ◽  
L. Sensi ◽  
G. Di Cara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sublingual Immunotherapy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Significant Difference

Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) currently represents, as indicated by meta-analysis of its efficacy and safety, a valid option to the generally used traditional subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for treating respiratory allergy. Regarding efficacy, recent studies demonstrated that, similar to what has already been observed in SCIT as well as in experimental and clinical studies about the magnitudo of allergen exposure, the effectiveness on both clinical symptoms and immunologic changes depends on the amount of allergen administered during treatment. In addition, in vitro studies addressed with the role of dendritic cells, currently considered to be of pivotal importance in orienting toward tolerance the immune response to allergens, showed that the internalisation of allergen molecules, which is followed by tolerogenic presentation to T cells, depends on the amount of allergen. However, such dose dependence is not apparent concerning the safety. In fact, the comparison of studies respectively conducted with high and low allergen doses did not show differences in the rate of systemic reactions, which in any case never had the presentation of anaphylaxis, and instead a significant difference in the rate of local reactions, following the oral and gastrointestinal contact with the allergen extract, in favour of high dose studies.

scholarly journals Gastric Enzyme Supplementation Inhibits Food Allergy in a BALB/c Mouse Model

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
Nazanin Samadi ◽  
Denise Heiden ◽  
Martina Klems ◽  
Martina Salzmann ◽  
Johanna Rohrhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Acid Suppression ◽  
Gastric Digestion ◽  
Enzyme Solution ◽  
Allergic Symptoms ◽  
Gastric Acid Suppression ◽  
The Impact

Impaired gastric digestion due to suppressed gastric acidity enhances the risk for food allergy development. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of a supported gastric digestion via application of a pharmaceutical gastric enzyme solution (GES) on food allergy development and allergic reactions in a BALB/c mouse model. The ability of the GES to restore hypoacidic conditions was tested in mice treated with gastric acid suppression medication. To evaluate the impact on allergic symptoms, mice were orally sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) under gastric acid suppression and subjected to oral challenges with or without GES. The immune response was evaluated by measurement of antibody titers, cytokine levels, mucosal allergy effector cell influx and regulatory T-cell counts. Clinical response was objectified by core body temperature measurements after oral OVA challenge. Supplementation of GES transiently restored physiological pH levels in the stomach after pharmaceutical gastric acid suppression. During oral sensitization, supplementation of gastric enzymes significantly reduced systemic IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a levels and allergic symptoms. In food allergic mice, clinical symptoms were reduced by co-administration of the gastric enzyme solution. Support of gastric digestion efficiently prevents food allergy induction and alleviates clinical symptoms in our food allergy model.

scholarly journals Food allergy: nuts and tree nuts

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (S2) ◽  
pp. S95-S102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus F. Crespo ◽  
John M. James ◽  
Consuelo Fernandez-Rodriguez ◽  
Julia Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Immunological Mechanism ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
The Usa

Nuts are a well-defined cause of food allergy, which affect approximately 1 % of the general population in the UK and the USA. There do appear to be differences in the frequency of nut allergy between different countries because of different dietary habits and cooking procedures. For example, in the USA and France, peanuts are one of the most frequent causes of food allergy, but in other countries, it seems to be less common. Genetic factors, in particular, appear to play a role in the development of peanut allergy. While the majority of nut allergens are seed storage proteins, other nut allergens are profilins and pathogenesis-related protein homologues, considered as panallergens because of their widespread distribution in plants. The presence of specific IgE antibodies to several nuts is a common clinical finding, but the clinical relevance of this cross-reactivity is usually limited. Allergic reactions to nuts appear to be particularly severe, sometimes even life-threatening, and fatal reactions following their ingestion have been documented. Food allergy is diagnosed by identifying an underlying immunological mechanism (i.e. allergic testing), and establishing a causal relationship between food ingestion and symptoms (i.e. oral challenges). In natural history investigations carried out in peanut-allergic children, approximately 20 % of the cases outgrew their allergy or developed oral tolerance. The treatment of nut allergies should include patient and family education about avoiding all presentations of the food and the potential for a severe reaction caused by accidental ingestion. Patients and families should be instructed how to recognise early symptoms of an allergic reaction and how to treat severe anaphylaxis promptly.

scholarly journals The Education of Dispute Resolution in Al Jazeera Al Arabiya: A Case for a Culturally Engaging Pedagogy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Khadija El Alaoui ◽  
Maura A. E. Pilotti ◽  
Muamar Hasan Salameh ◽  
Sukhsimranjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Western World ◽  
Transformative Experience ◽  
Instructional Process ◽  
Al Arabiya

In law and business schools, culturally relevant/responsive curricula can aid students’ academic success. In this paper, we examine the use of culturally responsive narratives to illustrate principles and practices of dispute resolution (mediation and arbitration) in the Middle East as distinct or similar to those prescribed under Common Law. Through narratives embedded in familiar historical and socio-cultural contexts, we argue that students of Middle Eastern descent can achieve a greater understanding and retention of the curriculum as it is translated from theory into practice, exercise critical thinking skills, and enhance their motivation to learn. Teaching that taps into a reservoir of knowledge within Middle Eastern communities can also become a transformative experience for students, since it not only recognizes their communities of origin as noteworthy, but also makes their socio-cultural identities a key ingredient of the instructional process. As evidence of methodological effectiveness, we examine students’ reflections on the use of culturally familiar narratives to illustrate principles and practices of dispute resolution (mediation and arbitration) in the Middle East as distinct or similar to those adopted by the Western world.

scholarly journals Common food allergens and cross-reactivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Olivia L. Francis ◽  
Kathleen Y. Wang ◽  
Edwin H. Kim ◽  
Timothy P. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Protein Stability ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

The most clinically relevant food allergens are cow’s milk, hen’s egg, peanut, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, and seeds. Heat-stable food allergens have molecular characteristics that enhance protein stability and gastrointestinal absorption and thus are more likely to cause systemic reactions on ingestion. In contrast, heat-labile food allergens lack these characteristics and do not typically elicit reactions if sufficiently altered by heat or acid. Immunologic cross-sensitization between food allergens is more common than clinical cross-reactivity. However, certain groups of food allergens, such as tree nuts, fish, and shellfish, are associated with high rates of clinical cross-reactivity. Knowing the rates of clinical cross-reactivity is important when providing guidance to patients with food allergy and families on what foods can be safely added to the diet and what foods should be avoided.

scholarly journals Sensitization and Allergic Response and Intervention Therapy in Animal Models

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1441-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricki M Helm ◽  
A Wesley Burks
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Ara H 1 ◽  
Peanut Proteins

Abstract A review is presented of 3 murine models and a swine neonatal model used to investigate immunotherapeutic options. In Model 1, mutation of linear IgE-binding epitopes of Ara h 1 for the preparation of a hypoallergenic Ara h 1 is discussed with respect to expression in transgenic tobacco plants and correct folding following expression in the pET16b construct. In Model 2, the mutations of Ara h 1 were assessed for use as an immunotherapeutic agent. Although some protective benefit was observed with the modified Ara h 1 protein, animals desensitized with heat-killed E. coli preparations showed increased protection to challenge. In Model 3, soybean homologs to peanut proteins were investigated to determine if soybean immunotherapy can potentially provide benefit to peanut-allergic subjects. Although some protection was provided, additional experimentation with respect to optimal doses for sensitization and challenge will need to be investigated. In Model 4, the neonatal swine model was used to profile different foods (low to moderate to high sensitizing) similar to food allergies in humans. Evidence suggests such feasiblity; however, threshold levels for sensitization and allergic responses will need additional study. In summary, murine and swine animal models are being used to address immunotherapeutic avenues and investigation into the mechanisms of food-allergic sensitization.

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