scholarly journals Maternal Serum and Cord Blood Leptin Concentrations at Delivery in Normal Pregnancies and in Pregnancies Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Stefaniak ◽  
Ewa Dmoch-Gajzlerska
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maternal Bmi

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Leptin is a polypeptide hormone, and in pregnancy, it is secreted by the placenta and maternal and fetal adipose tissues. Normal leptin production is a factor responsible for uncomplicated gestation, embryo development, and fetal growth. The study compared maternal serum and cord blood leptin concentrations at delivery in normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study was performed in 25 pregnant women with isolated IUGR and in 194 pregnant women without any complications. Leptin concentrations in maternal serum and in cord blood samples collected at delivery were measured by ELISA and subsequently analyzed by maternal body mass index (BMI), mode of delivery, and infant gender and birth weight. For comparative analyses of normally distributed variables, parametric tests were used, that is, the Student <i>t</i> test and a one-way ANOVA. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used when the distribution was not normal. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation between normally distributed variables (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). <b><i>Results:</i></b> In pregnancies complicated by IUGR, the mean maternal serum leptin concentration at delivery was significantly higher (52.73 ± 30.49 ng/mL) than in normal pregnancies (37.17 ± 28.07 ng/mL) (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The mean cord blood leptin concentration in pregnancies complicated by IUGR was 7.97 ± 4.46 ng/mL and significantly lower than in normal pregnancies (14.78 ± 15.97 ng/mL) (<i>p</i> = 0.04). In normal pregnancies, but not in pregnancies complicated by IUGR, a statistically significant correlation was established between maternal serum leptin concentrations and maternal BMI at delivery (<i>r</i> = 0.22; <i>p</i> = 0.00). No statistically significant correlation was found between cord blood leptin concentrations and maternal BMI in either study subjects or controls. In normal pregnancies, but not in pregnancies complicated by IUGR, a strong correlation was observed between cord blood leptin concentrations and birth weight (<i>r</i> = 0.23; <i>p</i> = 0.00). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Elevated maternal blood leptin concentrations in pregnancies complicated by IUGR may indicate a significant adverse effect of elevated leptin on fetal growth. The differences in leptin concentrations, measured in maternal serum and in cord blood, between the study subjects and controls suggest that deregulated leptin levels may increase the risk of obstetric complications associated with placental insufficiency.

scholarly journals Maternal Serum and Cord Blood Leptin Concentrations at Delivery in Normal Pregnancies and in Pregnancies Complicated by Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Stefaniak ◽  
Ewa Dmoch-Gajzlerska
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Infant Gender ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maternal Bmi

Introduction: Leptin is a polypeptide hormone and in pregnancy it is secreted by the placenta and maternal and fetal adipose tissues. The expression of leptin and its specific receptors is observed in the uterine endometrium which indicates leptin involvement in the implantation process and embryonic/fetal development. Normal leptin production is a factor responsible for uncomplicated gestation, embryo development and fetal growth. Objective: To compare at delivery maternal serum and cord blood leptin concentrations in normal pregnancies and in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Material and methods: The study was performed in 25 pregnant women with isolated IUGR diagnosed by ultrasonography (study subjects) and in 194 pregnant women without any comorbid health conditions (controls). Leptin concentrations in maternal serum and in cord blood samples collected at delivery were measured by ELISA and subsequently analyzed by maternal Body Mass Index (BMI), mode of delivery, and infant gender and birth weight. For comparative analyses of normally distributed variables, parametric tests were used, i.e. the Student-t to test the assumption of homogeneity or non-homogeneity of variance and a One-Way ANOVA when more than two groups were compared. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used when the distribution was not normal. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation between normally distributed variables (p&lt;0.05). Results: In pregnancies complicated by IUGR, the mean maternal serum leptin concentration at delivery was significantly higher (52.73 &plusmn; 30.49 ng/mL) than in normal pregnancies (37.17 &plusmn; 28.07 ng/mL) (p=0.01). The mean cord blood leptin concentration in pregnancies complicated by IUGR was 7.97 &plusmn; 4.46 ng/mL and significantly lower than in normal pregnancies (14.78 &plusmn; 15.97 ng/mL) (p=0.04). In normal pregnancies, but not in pregnancies complicated by IUGR, a statistically significant correlation was established between maternal serum leptin concentrations and maternal BMI at delivery (r=0,22; p=0.00). No statistically significant correlation was found between cord blood leptin concentrations and maternal BMI in either study subjects or controls. In normal pregnancies, but not in pregnancies complicated by IUGR, a strong correlation was observed between cord blood leptin concentrations and birth weight (r=0,23; p=0.00). In both study subjects and controls, there were no correlations between leptin concentrations in maternal serum and cord blood and infant gender and mode of delivery. Conclusions: Elevated maternal blood leptin concentrations in pregnancies complicated by IUGR may indicate a significant adverse effect of elevated leptin on fetal growth. Enhanced leptin production by the placenta suggests leptin as a candidate marker of placental insufficiency. The differences in leptin concentrations, measured in maternal serum and in cord blood, between the study subjects and controls suggest that deregulated leptin levels may increase the risk of obstetric complications associated with placental insufficiency.

Is ProBNP a New Marker for Predicting Intrauterine Growth Restriction?

2021 ◽  
Vol 225 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
Hasan Eroğlu ◽  
Nazan Vanlı Tonyalı ◽  
Gokcen Orgul ◽  
Derya Biriken ◽  
Aykan Yucel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aneuploidy Screening ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the usability of first-trimester maternal serum ProBNP levels in the prediction of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Methods In this prospective study, blood samples taken from 500 women who applied to our polyclinic for routine serum aneuploidy screening between the 11–14th gestational weeks were centrifuged. The obtained plasma samples were placed in Eppendorf tubes and stored at −80+°C. For the final analysis, first-trimester maternal serum ProBNP levels of 32 women diagnosed with postpartum IUGR and 32 healthy women randomly selected as the control group were compared. FGR was defined as estimated fetal weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. Results The mean ProBNP levels were statistically and significantly higher in the women with intrauterine growth restriction (113.73±94.69 vs. 58.33±47.70 pg/mL, p<0.01). At a cut-off level of 50.93, ProBNP accurately predicted occurrence of IUGR (AUC+= 0.794 (95% confidence interval 0.679–0.910), p+= 0.001) with sensitivity and specificity rates of 78.1 and 69.0%, respectively. Conclusion First-trimester serum ProBNP level was significantly higher in women who developed IUGR compared to healthy controls. First-trimester ProBNP level can be used as a potential marker to predict the development of IUGR in pregnant women.

scholarly journals The Presence of the d3-Growth Hormone Receptor Polymorphism Is Negatively Associated with Fetal Growth but Positively Associated with Postnatal Growth in Healthy Subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 2758-2763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Beck Jensen ◽  
Signe Vielwerth ◽  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Gorm Greisen ◽  
Henrik Leffers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Ghr Gene

Abstract Context: A common polymorphism in the GH receptor (GHR) gene has been linked to increased growth response in GH-treated patients. No former study has focused on the association to prenatal growth. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the d3-GHR isoforms and spontaneous pre- and postnatal growth. Design: A prospective study was conducted on third-trimester fetal growth velocity (FGV), birth weight, birth length, and postnatal growth. Setting: The study was conducted at Copenhagen University Hospital. Participants: A total of 115 healthy adolescents were divided into those born small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age with or without intrauterine growth restriction. Main Outcome Measures: FGV was measured by serial ultrasonography, birth weight, birth length, and adolescent height. Isoforms of the d3-GHR gene (fl/fl, d3/fl, and d3/d3) were determined. Results: The prevalence of the d3-GHR isoforms was 50% but differed among the groups (P = 0.006), with a high prevalence (88%) in the group born SGA with verified intrauterine growth restriction. The d3-GRH allele were associated with decreased third-trimester FGV (P = 0.05) in SGA subjects. In the entire cohort, carriers of the d3-GHR allele had a significantly increased height (−0.10 vs. 0.34 sd score; P = 0.017) and change in height from birth to adolescence compared with carriers of the full-length GHR allele (0.57 vs. −0.02 sd score; P = 0.005). Conclusions: This study showed an increased spontaneous postnatal growth velocity in the carriers of the d3-GHR allele. Interestingly, we found the opposite effect on prenatal growth in the SGA group, with a decreased FGV in carriers of the d3-GHR allele.

Mean Platelet Volume is Affected in Term Fetuses with Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gul Nihal Buyuk ◽  
Z.Asli Oskovi-Kaplan ◽  
Aysegul Oksuzoglu ◽  
H.Levent Keskin
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The aim of our study was to analyze the mean platelet volume levels as a potential marker of altered placentation in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) cases. Methods A total of 126 term singleton pregnant women with IUGR fetuses and 345 healthy pregnant controls were recruited and compared. Results The mean platelet volume was significantly higher in the IUGR group (10.8±0.9 fl) than the control group (9.9±1.1 fl) (p=0.03). The mean hemoglobin was lower in IUGR group (11.3 (8.3–14.5) g/dl) than the control group (11.9 (8.2–13.0) g/dl) (p=0.04). The optimal cut-off MPV for prediction of IUGR was ≥10.55 fl, with a sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 75%. Conclusion Increased MPV levels in term pregnant women may be particularly helpful for discrimination and prediction of high-risk fetuses when IUGR is suspected.

Placental elasticity assessment by point shear wave elastography in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 841-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Akbas ◽  
Faik M. Koyuncu ◽  
Burcu Artunç-Ulkumen
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adverse Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Doppler Indices

Abstract Background Placental elasticity varies in different diseases. Our objective was to evaluate placental elasticity using point shear wave elastography (pSWE) in pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Methods A total of 66 pregnant women with IUGR and 81 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. Placental elasticity was measured using the transabdominal pSWE method. Ten measurements were made, and the mean was accepted as the mean placental elasticity value in each case. The results for IUGR pregnancies and controls were compared. Results The mean pSWE values were significantly higher in pregnancies with IUGR, which means that women with IUGR have stiffer placentas (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the pSWE values were significantly and positively correlated with Doppler indices and adverse perinatal outcomes. Conclusion The pregnancies with IUGR had stiffer placentas than the healthy controls. The utilization of pSWE for placental elasticity may be useful in the diagnosis and management of IUGR as a supplement to the existing ultrasonography methods.

scholarly journals Leptin Concentrations in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood in Relation to Maternal Weight, Birth Weight and Weight of the Placenta

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ishrat ◽  
MW Rahman ◽  
MR Rahman ◽  
MZ Hussain ◽  
S Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Serum Leptin

Objective: Leptin is a hormone which regulates adipose tissue mass of the body. Substantial increase of leptin during pregnancy and detection of leptin and leptin receptor in placenta have led to the speculation that leptin is a gestational hormone with a possible role in regulation of fetal growth. The study was done to find out whether maternal and cord blood leptin correlate with birthweight and weight of the placenta. Materials and methods: A prospective cross sectional study was undertaken in the Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2005 to June 2005. The study was carried out on 39 pairs of mothers and newborns. Maternal venous blood was sampled just before delivery. Cord blood was obtained, birth weight and placental weight measurements were taken just after delivery of the baby. Serum leptin levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Maternal serum leptin was 24.50 ng/ml (range- 13.15-45.60 ng/ml) and cord serum leptin was 6.50 ng/ml (range- 2.02-12.30 ng/ml). There was no correlation between maternal leptin and birth weight or between maternal leptin and placental weight. Cord leptin was significantly correlated with birth weight but not with placental weight. There was no correlation between maternal and cord blood leptin. There was no significant gender differences in cord blood leptin concentrations. Conclusions: There may be an important role of leptin in regulation of fetal growth and development. Placenta may not be a major source of leptin in maternal and feto-placental circulation. Maternal leptin cannot be a reliable marker of fetal growth. Keywords: Serum leptin, birth weight, placental weight   doi: 10.3329/bjog.v23i1.3049 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2008; Vol. 23(1) : 3-7

Placental expression of the obesity-associated gene FTO is reduced by fetal growth restriction but not by macrosomia in rats and humans

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mayeur ◽  
O. Cisse ◽  
A. Gabory ◽  
S. Barbaux ◽  
D. Vaiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Placental Villi ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Genetic variants in the FTO (fat mass- and obesity-associated) gene have the highest association of all obesity-associated genes. Its placental expression was shown to relate to birth weight, suggesting that it may participate in the control of fetal weight gain. To gain more insight into the implication of FTO in fetal growth, we measured its placental expression in samples including extremes of abnormal fetal growth, such as after intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or macrosomia in both rats and humans. In rats, fetal growth was modulated by maternal nutritional modifications. In humans, placental villi were collected from pathological pregnancies (i.e. with IUGR or fetal macrosomia). Placental FTO mRNA expression was reduced by IUGR but was not significantly affected by macrosomia in either rats or humans. Our data suggest that placental FTO may participate in interactions between the in utero environment and the control of fetal growth under IUGR conditions by modulating epigenetic processes.

Circulating maternal cytokines influence fetal growth in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1995-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentien D O de Steenwinkel ◽  
Anita C S Hokken-Koelega ◽  
Yaël A de Man ◽  
Y B de Rijke ◽  
Maria A J de Ridder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Lower Birth Weight ◽  
Cytokine Levels

BackgroundHigh rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity during pregnancy is associated with a lower birth weight. Active RA is characterised by high circulating levels of cytokines, which can mediate placental growth and remodelling.ObjectivesTo assess the influence of maternal serum cytokine levels on birth weight in RA pregnancy.MethodsThis study is embedded in the PARA Study, a prospective study on RA and pregnancy. In the present study, 161 pregnant women with RA and 32 healthy pregnant women were studied. The main outcome measures were birth weight SD score (birth weight SDS) in relation to maternal serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) at three different time points: preconception and during the first and third trimester. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the corresponding cytokine genes were also studied.ResultsDuring the first trimester, IL-10 was detectable in 16% of patients with RA, IL-6 in 71%, and TNFα in all patients with RA. Mean birth weight SDS of children born to mothers with RA was higher when IL-10 level was high compared with low (difference=0.75; p=0.04), and lower when IL-6 was high compared with low (difference=0.50; p<0.01) in the first trimester. No correlation was seen at the other time points studied or with TNFα. Cytokine levels were not related to their corresponding SNPs.ConclusionsMaternal IL-10 and IL-6 levels are associated with fetal growth in RA. In the first trimester, high IL-10 levels are associated with higher birth weight SDS, and high IL-6 levels are associated with lower birth weight SDS, even after correction for disease activity.

scholarly journals The weight gain influence of pregnant women under different clinical conditions on weight at the birth of newborns.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Dornelles Machado Mariot ◽  
Daniela Cortés Kretzer ◽  
Isadora Musse Nunes ◽  
Marcelo Zubaran Goldani ◽  
Juliana Rombaldi Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
And Control

Abstract BACKGROUND: This study evaluate the influence of weight gain of pregnant women under different clinical conditions (Tobacco, Diabetes mellitus (DM), Hypertension, Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and Control) on the birth weight of newborns. METHODS: This is an observational, longitudinal study nested in a prospective controlled cohort and conducted from 2011 to 2016 in three hospitals in the city of Porto Alegre (Brazil). Sociodemographic, prenatal (maternal gestational weight gain, among others) and perinatal (birth weight) data from 372 mother-child pairs were analyzed. Pearson's correlation was used to verify the relationship between gestational weight gain and birth weight. Multivariate regression was performed to determine the association between maternal weight gain in the presence of various health conditions and birth weight. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in gestational weight gain in different health condition groups (p=0.092). However, women in the Hypertension group had a tendency to gain more weight (p = 0.097). Mothers in the intrauterine growth restriction group gained less weight. A positive correlation was observed between gestational weight gain and birth weight in the Tobacco (p = 0.003) and Control (p =0.001) groups, which remained positive only in the Control group after adjustment (p<0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Only weight gain in pregnant women without clinical changes during pregnancy seemed to influence the weight of the newborn. It is assumed that other factors, such as metabolic or nutritional, present among smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive or with intrauterine growth restriction pregnant women have different modulations on the intrauterine environment and, therefore, exert a different influence on fetal growth.

scholarly journals Maternal Serum Copeptin As a Biomarker For Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Hassan ◽  
Hisham Nasief
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Gestation Age ◽  
Clinical Biomarker ◽  
Estimated Fetal Weight

In obstetrical world, Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) occupies second slot as a cause of small for gestation neonates, first being premature birth, both of which result in potential neonatal morbidities and mortalities. IUGR is defined as an estimated fetal weight at one point in time at or below 10th percentile for gestational age. Annually about thirty million babies suffer from IUGR and out of these about 75% are Asians. IUGR has been found to be associated with increased levels of Copeptin. As copeptin is a marker of endogenous stress, so increased copeptin levels can indicate fetal and maternal stress in IUGR Objectives: The objectives of this study were to the compare maternal serum copeptin levels in pregnancies with IUGR and pregnancies with adequate for gestational age fetuses and to establish the significance of copeptin as a biomarker for IUGR. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional comparative study in which maternal serum copeptin levels were measured and compared in 60 patients divided in two groups, pregnancies with IUGR and normal pregnancies with adequate for gestation age fetuses between 28-35 weeks of gestation Results: Maternal serum copeptin levels were raised in pregnant women with IUGR as compared to that in pregnant women with adequate for gestational age fetuses. Mean ± SD maternal serum copeptin levels were 97.5 ± 6 pg/ml in pregnant women with AGA fetuses and 121 ± 7.8 pg/ml in pregnant women with IUGR.  Conclusions: Maternal serum copeptin levels are raised in pregnancies with IUGR as compared to pregnancies with adequate for age fetuses which can represent as a possible clinical biomarker for identification of IUGR.

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