scholarly journals Borrelia Ocular Infection: A Case Report and a Systematic Review of Published Cases

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Björn E. Lindström ◽  
Barbro H. Skogman ◽  
Annika K. Lindström ◽  
Leif Tallstedt ◽  
Kenneth Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Ocular Tissue ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Reasonable Evidence ◽  
Polymerase Chain

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Lyme borreliosis can cause many diverse manifestations, also ocular disease where the diagnosis of ocular borreliosis is challenging. The primary aim was to report on the evidence of <i>Borrelia spirochetes</i> in the ocular tissue in presumed ocular borreliosis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A systematic review of pathological eye conditions was performed where <i>Borrelia</i> has been suspected in relevant ocular tissue, together with a case report of diagnosed uveitis with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed <i>Borrelia afzelii</i> in the vitreous. The evidence for clinical and laboratory diagnosis was evaluated systematically. As a secondary aim, the treatment of ocular <i>Borrelia</i> infection was also evaluated for confirmed cases. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Thirteen includable studies were found, and after the removal of case duplicates, eleven unique cases were extracted. Apart from the present case report, 4 other cases reported strong evidence for the detection of <i>B. spirochetes</i> in ocular tissue. Four cases presented reasonable evidence for assumed detected <i>Borrelia</i>, while three additional cases showed only weak diagnostic credibility that <i>Borrelia</i> was detected. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This systematic review, including all reported cases and our case report, supports evidence of ocular infection of <i>Borrelia</i> species. Furthermore, in case of suspicion of infection and seronegativity, it is justified to look for <i>Borrelia</i> in eye tissue samples. In addition, microscopy without using PCR is not sufficient to confirm the diagnosis of borreliosis on ocular tissue. In the articles studied, there was no unambiguous recommendation of treatment.

scholarly journals Occurrence of abortions induced by Neospora caninum in dairy cattle from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Barbosa de Macedo ◽  
Madlaine Frigo Silveira Barbosa de Macedo ◽  
Ana Carolina Miura ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
Sergio Tosi Cardim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of N. caninum associated with abortions of dairy cattle from Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood from dairy cows that aborted along with intrathoracic fluid and tissue samples (brain, heart, liver, and lung) from their fetuses were collected and used for serology; PCR, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluations were also conducted. Twenty-one cows (51.2%) out of 41, and eight fetuses (26.7%) out of 30 were ELISA (HerdCheck, IDEXX) positive for N. caninum. Dams > 36 months of age had a higher risk of being serum positive than younger animals. PCR and IHC revealed that 38.8% (14/36) and 25.0% (9/36) of the fetuses were positive for N. caninum, respectively for each of the tests. Seropositive cows had a higher frequency of fetuses that were also positive by either intrathoracic fluid, PCR, or IHC. In summary, the present study observed a high frequency of N. caninum in abortions from dairy cows from southern Brazil, with a higher N. caninum prevalence found in cows that were older than 36 months. In addition, serology, PCR, and IHC should be used all together for better diagnosis of neosporosis in cattle.

scholarly journals Development of Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of and Discrimination between Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae and Other Erysipelothrix Species

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho To ◽  
Tomohiro Koyama ◽  
Shinya Nagai ◽  
Kotaro Tuchiya ◽  
Tetsuo Nunoya
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were developed and validated in combination with enrichment culture for the detection and discrimination of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and other Erysipelothrix species from tissue samples. The targets for SYBR green qPCR assays were the 16S ribosomal RNA gene for Erysipelothrix species and a gene involved in capsular formation for E. rhusiopathiae. The specificity of the assays was assessed with Erysipelothrix species and other related bacterial species. The limit of detection was found to be 5 colony-forming units per reaction. Amplification of DNA extracted from spleen and joint samples spiked with increasing quantities of Erysipelothrix cells was shown to be equally sensitive to DNA extracted from a pure bacterial culture. The assays were evaluated with 88 tissue samples from 3 experimentally infected pigs and 50 mice and with 36 tissue samples from 3 naturally infected pigs and 11 noninfected pigs. Results were compared with those of direct qPCR and conventional culture. The qPCR after enrichment increased the diagnostic sensitivity over that of culture and qPCR, thereby significantly reducing the total time taken for the detection of E. rhusiopathiae and other Erysipelothrix species. Therefore, this technique could be used for practical applications.

Studies on Diagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis by Immunocyto-chemistry and Immunohistochemistry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Lakshmikanth ◽  
N.S. Sharma ◽  
D. Pathak ◽  
Paviter Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Positive Results

Background: Brucellosis is a major threat to livestock economy and an important zoonotic disease. A rapid and accurate diagnosis is a necessity to curb the spread and progress of the disease. The current study aimed to evaluate sensitivity of Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry methods for detection of Brucella spp.Methods: A total of 50 samples comprising of fetal stomach content, vaginal discharges and placenta were collected from cattle and buffaloes suffering from abortions and other reproductive disorders in and around Ludhiana, Punjab during the period 2017-2018. All the samples were processed for isolation and confirmed with biochemical analysis and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolates obtained and 43 clinical samples excluding placental samples were subjected to Immunocytochemistry (ICC). Immunohistochemistry (ICH) was performed on placental samples.Result: A total of four isolates were recovered from the screened samples. The four isolates also yielded positive results in Immunocytochemistry. Among the 43 clinical samples screened by Immunocytochemistry, five were positive, however only 3 isolates were recovered on isolation. A total of seven placental tissue samples were processed and subjected to immunohistochemistry. Of the three placental samples positive by immunohistochemistry, only one sample was isolated on culture. The results suggest that both immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry are sensitive diagnostic techniques in comparison to isolation.

Case Report: Progressive Dysphonia and Dysphagia due to Laryngeal Leishmaniasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Renard ◽  
Adrien Lemaignen ◽  
Guillaume Desoubeaux ◽  
David Bakhos
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Complete Resolution ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Histopathology Examination

Laryngeal leishmaniasis is an unusual form of the disease. We report the case of a patient who consulted for dysphonia and dysphagia in a context of asthenia and weight loss. The patient had lesions that were suggestive of laryngeal cancer but were revealed to be leishmaniasis by histopathology examination and polymerase chain reaction. Treatment with amphotericin B and miltefosine permitted complete resolution of the lesions and no recurrence during the 18-month follow-up period.

scholarly journals Primary neural leprosy: systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Garbino ◽  
Wilson Marques Jr ◽  
Jaison Antonio Barreto ◽  
Carlos Otto Heise ◽  
Marcia Maria Jardim Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Nerve Biopsy ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Based Medicine

The authors proposed a systematic review on the current concepts of primary neural leprosy by consulting the following online databases: MEDLINE, Lilacs/SciELO, and Embase. Selected studies were classified based on the degree of recommendation and levels of scientific evidence according to the “Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine”. The following aspects were reviewed: cutaneous clinical and laboratorial investigations, i.e. skin clinical exam, smears, and biopsy, and Mitsuda's reaction; neurological investigation (anamnesis, electromyography and nerve biopsy); serological investigation and molecular testing, i.e. serological testing for the detection of the phenolic glycolipid 1 (PGL-I) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and treatment (classification criteria for the definition of specific treatment, steroid treatment, and cure criteria).

scholarly journals Isolation ofMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosisfrom non-ruminant wildlife living in the sheds and on the pastures of Greek sheep and goats

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 644-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. FLOROU ◽  
L. LEONTIDES ◽  
P. KOSTOULAS ◽  
C. BILLINIS ◽  
M. SOFIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Type Strains

SUMMARYThis study aimed to: (1) investigate whether non-ruminant wildlife interfacing with dairy sheep and goats of four Greek flocks endemically infected withMycobacterium aviumsubspeciesparatuberculosis(MAP) harboured MAP and (2) genetically compare the strains isolated from the wildlife to those isolated from the small ruminants of these flocks. We cultured and screened, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), pooled-tissue samples from 327 wild animals of 11 species for the MAP-specific IS900insertion sequence. We also cultured faecal samples from 100 sheep or goats from each of the four flocks. MAP was detected in samples from 11 sheep, 12 goats, two mice, two rats, a hare and a fox. Only one rat had histopathological findings. Genetic typing categorized 21 isolates as cattle-type strains and two, from a house mouse and a goat respectively, as sheep-type strains; this is the first report of a rodent harbouring a sheep-type strain. The MAP types that were most frequently isolated amongst the sheep and goats of each flock were also the ones isolated from sympatric rodents; those isolated from the fox and hare also belonged to the predominant ruminant strains.

scholarly journals RAPID AND SPESIFIC DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS USING POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Anita Kurniati ◽  
Desak Nyoman Surya Suameitra Dewi ◽  
Ni Nyoman Purwani
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of health burden worldwide, especially in lower middle-income countries. TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and characterized by severe condition incuding coughing and fever. Purpose: To review the current methods for detection of TB using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Review: several studies have been done to give valuable insight into TB transmission, diagnosis, and treatment, however research  is constantly  needed  to decrease the incidence of eradicate TB. This infectious disease still give big health problem in all over the world by being second in causing high mortality rates after HIV/AIDS.  A specific, sensitive, rapid and cheap method for TB and other mycobacteria diagnosis in clinical specimen is a desperate needed in the laboratory diagnosis and hence management of tuberculosis. PCR as one of nucleic acid amplification assays have revolutionized MTB detection. Since it was first invented in fifteen years ago, it’s been through many developments. Conclusion: PCR  is one of the most specific and sensitive method currently available for TB diagnosis that can also detect in in all types of specimens obtained from TB patients.

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