scholarly journals An optimum location of on-grid bifacial based photovoltaic system in Iraq

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Amina Mahmoud Shakir ◽  
Siba Monther Yousif ◽  
Anas Lateef Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Optimum Location ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
System Module ◽  
Irradiation Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Suitable Location

Bifacial photovoltaic (PV) module can gain 30% more energy compared to monofacial if a suitable location were chosen. Iraq (a Middle East country) has a variable irradiation level according to its geographic coordinates, thus, the performance of PV systems differs. This paper an array (17 series, 13 parallel) was chosen to produce 100 kWp for an on-grid PV system. It investigates the PV system in three cities in Iraq (Mosul, Baghdad, and Basrah). Effect of albedo factor, high and pitch of the bifacial module on energy yield have been studied using PVsyst (software). It has been found that the effect is less for a pitch greater than 6 m. The energy gained from bifacial and monofacial PV system module in these cities shows that Mosul is the most suitable for installing both PV systems followed by Baghdad and lastly Basrah. However, in Basrah, the bifacial gain is 12% higher in the energy than monofacial as irradiation there is higher than the other locations, especially for elevation above 1.5 m. Moreover, the cost of bifacial array is 7.23% higher than monofacial, but this additional cost is acceptable since the bifacial gain is about 11.3% higher energy compared to the monofacial.

scholarly journals Design of a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic System with a Novel Bi-Reflector PV System (BRPVS) and Optimal Control Mechanism: An Experimental Study

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Kamran Zeb ◽  
Waqar Uddin ◽  
P. Sathishkumar ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
The Cost

Environment protection and energy saving are the most attractive trends in zero-carbon buildings. The most promising and environmentally friendly technique is building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), which can also replace conventional buildings based on non-renewable energy. Despite the recent advances in technology, the cost of BIPV systems is still very high. Hence, reducing the cost is a major challenge. This paper examines and validates the effectiveness of low-cost aluminum (Al) foil as a reflector. The design and the performance of planer-reflector for BIPV systems are analyzed in detail. A Bi-reflector solar PV system (BRPVS) with thin film Al-foil reflector and an LLC converter for a BIPV system is proposed and experimented with a 400-W prototype. A cadmium–sulfide (CdS) photo-resistor sensor and an Arduino-based algorithm was developed to control the working of the reflectors. Furthermore, the effect of Al-foil reflectors on the temperature of PV module has been examined. The developed LLC converter confirmed stable output voltage despite large variation in input voltage proving its effectiveness for the proposed BRPVS. The experimental results of the proposed BRPVS with an Al-reflector of the same size as that of the solar PV module offered an enhancement of 28.47% in the output power.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Effect of Dust Deposition on a Car Park Photovoltaic System with Different Cleaning Cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7636
Author(s):  
Khaled M. Alawasa ◽  
Rashid S. AlAbri ◽  
Amer S. Al-Hinai ◽  
Mohammed H. Albadi ◽  
Abdullah H. Al-Badi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Car Park ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dust Accumulation

For a decade, investments in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have been increasing exponentially in the Middle East. Broadly speaking, these investments have been facing tremendous challenges due to the harsh weather in this particular part of the world. Dust accumulation is one the challenges that negatively affects the performance of solar PV systems. The overall goal of this paper is to thoroughly investigate the effect of dust accumulation on the energy yield of car park PV systems. With this aim in mind, the paper presents scientific values for further research and opens the horizon for attracting further investments in solar PV systems. This study is based on a real PV system in the Sultanate of Oman and considers different cleaning cycles for 16 months (from 29 July 2018 to 10 November 2019). Furthermore, four different PV groups were assessed, and the system was monitored under different cleaning frequencies. In general, it was found that dust accumulation has a significant impact; under 29-day, 32-day, 72-day, and 98-day cleaning cycles, the average percentages of energy loss due to soiling were 9.5%, 18.2%, 31.13%, and 45.6%, respectively. In addition, the dust effect has a seasonal variation. The study revealed that dust accumulation has a more negative impact during summer than during winter. During summer, the energy losses due to soiling were 8.7% higher than those during winter. The difference was attributed to different environmental conditions, with high humidity and low wind speed being the main factors that worsen the impact of dust during summer. Based on the findings of this research, a monthly cleaning program is highly recommended in the city of Muscat.

scholarly journals Reconfigurable Distributed Power Electronics Technique for Solar PV Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Kamran Ali Khan Niazi ◽  
Yongheng Yang ◽  
Tamas Kerekes ◽  
Dezso Sera
Keyword(s):  
Energy Yield ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Charge Redistribution ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
In Series ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Power Balancing

A reconfiguration technique using a switched-capacitor (SC)-based voltage equalizer differential power processing (DPP) concept is proposed in this paper for photovoltaic (PV) systems at a cell/subpanel/panel-level. The proposed active diffusion charge redistribution (ADCR) architecture increases the energy yield during mismatch and adds a voltage boosting capability to the PV system under no mismatch by connected the available PV cells/panels in series. The technique performs a reconfiguration by measuring the PV cell/panel voltages and their irradiances. The power balancing is achieved by charge redistribution through SC under mismatch conditions, e.g., partial shading. Moreover, PV cells/panels remain in series under no mismatch. Overall, this paper analyzes, simulates, and evaluates the effectiveness of the proposed DPP architecture through a simulation-based model prepared in PSIM. Additionally, the effectiveness is also demonstrated by comparing it with existing conventional DPP and traditional bypass diode architecture.

scholarly journals A Simple Mismatch Mitigating Partial Power Processing Converter for Solar PV Modules

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2308
Author(s):  
Kamran Ali Khan Niazi ◽  
Yongheng Yang ◽  
Tamas Kerekes ◽  
Dezso Sera
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
In Series

Partial shading affects the energy harvested from photovoltaic (PV) modules, leading to a mismatch in PV systems and causing energy losses. For this purpose, differential power processing (DPP) converters are the emerging power electronic-based topologies used to address the mismatch issues. Normally, PV modules are connected in series and DPP converters are used to extract the power from these PV modules by only processing the fraction of power called mismatched power. In this work, a switched-capacitor-inductor (SCL)-based DPP converter is presented, which mitigates the non-ideal conditions in solar PV systems. A proposed SCL-based DPP technique utilizes a simple control strategy to extract the maximum power from the partially shaded PV modules by only processing a fraction of the power. Furthermore, an operational principle and loss analysis for the proposed converter is presented. The proposed topology is examined and compared with the traditional bypass diode technique through simulations and experimental tests. The efficiency of the proposed DPP is validated by the experiment and simulation. The results demonstrate the performance in terms of higher energy yield without bypassing the low-producing PV module by using a simple control. The results indicate that achieved efficiency is higher than 98% under severe mismatch (higher than 50%).

Performance assessment of free standing and building integrated grid connected photovoltaic system for southern part of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 014362442097774
Author(s):  
VS Chandrika ◽  
M Mohamed Thalib ◽  
Alagar Karthick ◽  
Ravishankar Sathyamurthy ◽  
A Muthu Manokar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
Community Buildings ◽  
Equatorial Climate

Photovoltaic (PV) system efficiency depends on the geographical location and the orientation of the building. Until installing the building structures, the integration of the PV module must be evaluated with ventilation and without ventilation effects. This work optimises the performance of the 250 kWp grid-connected photovoltaic (GPV) for community buildings in the southern part of India. This simulation is carried out to evaluate the system efficiency of the GPV system under various ventilation conditions, such as free-standing PV (FSPV), building integrated photovoltaic ventilated (BIPV_V) and Building Integrated Photovoltaic without ventilation (BIPV). The PVsyst simulation tool is used to simulate and optimise the performance of the system with FSPV, BIPV and BIPV_V for the region of Chennai (13.2789° N, 80.2623° E), Tamilnadu, India. An annual system energy production is 446 MWh, 409 MWh and 428 MWh of FSPV, BIPV and BIPV_V system respectively. while electrical efficiency for the FSPV, BIPV_V, BIPV system is 15.45%. 15.25% and 14.75% respectively. Practical application: Integrating the grid connected photovoltaic system on the building reduces the energy consumption in the building. The integration of the PV on the roof or semi integrated on the roof is need to be investigated before installing on the buildings. The need for installation of the BIPV with ventilation is explored. This study will assist architects and wider community to design buildings roofs with GPV system which are more aesthetic and account for noise protection and thermal insulation in the region of equatorial climate zones.

scholarly journals DC-link sensorless control strategy for grid-connected PV systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed Abdelrahem ◽  
Ahmed Farhan ◽  
Ibrahim Harbi ◽  
Ralph Kennel
Keyword(s):  
Sensorless Control ◽  
Current Loop ◽  
Sensor Failure ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
The Cost

AbstractSensorless strategies become very popular in modern control techniques because they increase the system reliability. Besides, they can be used as back-up control in case of sensor failure. In this paper, a DC-link sensorless control approach is developed, which is suited for grid-connected PV systems. The studied system is a two-stage PV scheme, where the DC–DC stage (boost converter) is controlled using an adaptive step-size perturb and observe (P&O) method. Further, the inverter control is accomplished by voltage oriented control (VOC). Generally, the VOC is implemented with two cascaded control loops, namely an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop. However, in this work, the outer loop is avoided and the reference current is generated using a losses model for the system. The losses model accounts for the most significant losses in the PV system. Moreover, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is utilized to compensate for the unmodeled losses. The PSO is executed offline for the purpose of calculation burden reduction. The proposed approach simplifies the cascaded VOC strategy and eliminates the DC-link voltage sensor, which in turn decreases the cost of the system. Finally, the proposed technique is compared with the conventional one at different atmospheric conditions and validated using MATLAB simulation results.

scholarly journals A Grid-Supporting Photovoltaic System Implemented by a VSG with Energy Storage

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huadian Xu ◽  
Jianhui Su ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Yong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Support Functions ◽  
Energy Storage Unit ◽  
Pv Systems

Conventional photovoltaic (PV) systems interfaced by grid-connected inverters fail to support the grid and participate in frequency regulation. Furthermore, reduced system inertia as a result of the integration of conventional PV systems may lead to an increased frequency deviation of the grid for contingencies. In this paper, a grid-supporting PV system, which can provide inertia and participate in frequency regulation through virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology and an energy storage unit, is proposed. The function of supporting the grid is implemented in a practical PV system through using the presented control scheme and topology. Compared with the conventional PV system, the grid-supporting PV system, behaving as an inertial voltage source like synchronous generators, has the capability of participating in frequency regulation and providing inertia. Moreover, the proposed PV system can mitigate autonomously the power imbalance between generation and consumption, filter the PV power, and operate without the phase-locked loop after initial synchronization. Performance analysis is conducted and the stability constraint is theoretically formulated. The novel PV system is validated on a modified CIGRE benchmark under different cases, being compared with the conventional PV system. The verifications demonstrate the grid support functions of the proposed PV system.

scholarly journals Short and open circuit faults study in the PV system inverter

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1764
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bouzidi ◽  
Abdelkader Harrouz ◽  
Tadj Mohammed ◽  
Smail Mansouri
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Types Of Faults

<p>The inverter is the principal part of the photovoltaic (PV) systems that assures the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) conversion (PV array is connected directly to an inverter that converts the DC energy produced by the PV array into AC energy that is directly connected to the electric utility). In this paper, we present a simple method for detecting faults that occurred during the operation of the inverter. These types of faults or faults affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic system, especially the inverter, which is the main component responsible for the conversion. Hence, we have shown first the faults obtained in the case of the short circuit. Second, the open circuit failure is studied. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Good monitoring and detection of faults in the inverter can increase the system's reliability and decrease the undesirable faults that appeared in the PV system. The system behavior is tested under variable parameters and conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.</p>

scholarly journals An efficient Mppt approach of PV systems: incremental conduction pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
Murari Lal Azad ◽  
Pradip Kumar Sadhu ◽  
P Arvind ◽  
Anagh Gupta ◽  
Tuhin Bandyopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated System ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Operating Point ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Conduction Pathway ◽  
Power Point

<p class="Abstract">Distributed Generation source have wide application due to their phenomenal advantages. These sources include Photovoltaic (PV) cells producing DC voltage at their output that connects the network through a power electronic interface. PV characteristics, on the other hand, illustrate the fact that maximum power can be extracted at the optimal operating point depending upon the solar radiation and ambient temperature. In order to keep   the PV module at its optimal operating point, a DC-DC converter is often used between a PV module and inverter. Consequently, Maximum power point trackers (MPPT) grab the foremost position in the efficiency analysis of the global PV system. Among the several MPPT algorithms, Incremental Conduction technique isemphasised upon as it is extremely simple in implementation within electronic programmable circuits. This paper incorporates the MPPT model using a PV module that always works in its optimal operating point. Design and experimental results of a small prototype of MPPT is presented here based on the Simulink model to verify the advantages of proposed integrated system.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Contribution of PV Array and Inverter Configurations to Rooftop PV System Energy Yield Using Machine Learning Techniques

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Thien Le ◽  
Watit Benjapolakul
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
The Difference

Rooftop photovoltaics (PV) systems are attracting residential customers due to their renewable energy contribution to houses and to green cities. However, customers also need a comprehensive understanding of system design configuration and the related energy return from the system in order to support their PV investment. In this study, the rooftop PV systems from many high-volume installed PV systems countries and regions were collected to evaluate the lifetime energy yield of these systems based on machine learning techniques. Then, we obtained an association between the lifetime energy yield and technical configuration details of PV such as rated solar panel power, number of panels, rated inverter power, and number of inverters. Our findings reveal that the variability of PV lifetime energy is partly explained by the difference in PV system configuration. Indeed, our machine learning model can explain approximately 31 % ( 95 % confidence interval: 29–38%) of the variant energy efficiency of the PV system, given the configuration and components of the PV system. Our study has contributed useful knowledge to support the planning and design of a rooftop PV system such as PV financial modeling and PV investment decision.

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