scholarly journals Specification of downlink-fixed reference channel DL-FRC for 5G new radio technology

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Fatima Faydhe Al-Azzwi ◽  
Ruaa Ali Khamees ◽  
Zina Abdul Lateef ◽  
Batool Faydhe Al-Azzawi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ◽  
Shift Keying

<p>The next generation for mobile communication is new radio (NR) that supporting air interface which referred to the fifth generation or 5G. Long term evolution (LTE), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), and global system for mobile communication (GSM) are 5G NR predecessors, also referred to as fourth generation (4G), third generation (3G) and second generation (2G) technologies. Pseudo-noise (PN) code length and modulation technique used in the 5G technology affect the output spectrum and the payload of DL-FRC specification, in this paper quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16 QAM modulation approaches tested under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) in term of bit error rate (BER) which used with 5G technology system implemented with MATLAB-Simulink and programing and, resulting of 1672, 12296 bit/slot payload at frequency range FR1 from 450 MHz-6 GHz and 4424, 20496 bit/slot payload at frequency range FR2 from 24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz, also determining subcarrier spacing, allocated source block, duplex mode, payload bit/slot, RBW (KHz), sampling rate (MHz), the gain and the bandwidth of main, side loop where illustrated.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluasi Modulasi MFSK untuk Transmisi Data Melalui Kanal Suara GSM

Jurnal INKOM ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Rika Sustika ◽  
Oka Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Gaussian Noise ◽  
Linear Prediction ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Global System ◽  
Shift Keying

Pada tulisan ini, dievaluasi performansi skema modulasi MFSK (M-ary Frequency Shift Keying) untuk aplikasi pengiriman data melalui kanal suara GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication). Parameter yang dievaluasi berupa kesalahan bit trasmisi yang dinyatakan dengan laju kesalahan bit atau bit error rate (BER). Evaluasi ini dilakukan untuk menentukan besarnya orde M yang akan dipilih pada aplikasi pengiriman data digital melalui kanal suara GSM. Pada proses simulasi, data digital dikodekan menjadi simbol-simbol lalu dimodulasi menggunakan modulator MFSK menjadi data menyerupai pembicaraan (suara). Suara yang dihasilkan dikodekan dengan algoritma CELP (Code Excited Linear Prediction), kemudian dikirimkan melalui udara yang dimodelkan sebagai kanal AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise). Di sisi penerima, sinyal terima yang menyerupai suara ini didemodulasi dan dikonversi kembali menjadi data digital. Dari simulasi menggunakan Eb/No (signal to noise ratio) sebesar 6 dB, diperoleh laju bit 2,5 kbps dengan BER 2,01 x 10-3 untuk M=4, 2,22 x 10-3 untuk M=8, dan 1,87 x 10-3 untuk M=16.

Optimization of the Ratio of Sampling Rate to Quantization Level for the Reconstruction of Audio Signal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Md. Salim Raza ◽  
Nahid Hasan ◽  
Sayed Tonmoy Ahamed ◽  
Kazi Ghulam Mostafa ◽  
Mohammad Rabiul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Quantization Level ◽  
High Data ◽  
Reconstructed Signal ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Digital Communication System

Background and Objective: In this research work, the basic digital communication system with frequency shift keying modulation technique has been implemented in MATLAB. Methods: The same sinusoidal signal in audio frequency range has been transmitted and reconstructed with the different number of quantization level and sampling rate, where sampling frequency has been taken according to the Nyquist theorem. It has been seen that reconstructed signal at low data rate has appeared with better resolution compared with the reconstructed signal at the high data rate. Results and Conclusion: In this regard, it is evident that the resolution of a reconstructed signal not only depends on data rate but it also depends on the ratio of sampling rate to quantization level. So it is required to optimize the ratio of sampling rate to quantization level before transmitting audio signal.

scholarly journals The DPSK Signal Noncoherent Demodulation Receiver Based on the Duffing Oscillators Array

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 1650216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqing Fu ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Xingyuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Duffing Oscillator ◽  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Differential Phase Shift ◽  
Communication Signal ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Simulation Results

Chaotic communication requires the knowledge of corresponding phase relationship between the primary phase of Duffing oscillator’s internal driving force and the primary phase of the undetected signal. Currently, there is no method of noncoherent demodulation for DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying) signal and mobile communication signal by Duffing oscillator. To solve this problem, this study presents a noncoherent demodulation method based on the Duffing oscillators array and Duffing oscillator optimization. We first present the model of Duffing oscillator and its sensitivity to undetected signal primary phase. Then the zone partition is proposed to identify the Duffing oscillator’s phase trajectory, and subsequently, the mathematical model and implementation method of the Duffing oscillators array are outlined. Thirdly, the Duffing oscillator optimization and its adaptive strobe technique are proposed, also their application to DPSK signal noncoherent demodulation are discussed. Finally, the design of new concept DPSK chaotic digital receiver based on the Duffing oscillators array is presented, together with its simulation results obtained by using SystemView simulation platform. The simulation results suggest that the new concept receiver based on the Duffing oscillator optimization of Duffing oscillators array owns better SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) threshold property than typical existing receivers (chaotic or nonchaotic) in the AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) channel and multipath Rayleigh fading channel. In addition, the new concept receiver may detect mobile communication signal.

Performance Comparison between DPSK and OQPSK modulation approaches in multi environments channels with Matlab Simulink models

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Fatima faydhe Al- Azzawi ◽  
Faeza Abas Abid ◽  
Zainab faydhe Al-Azzawi
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Fading Channels ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Block Codes ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
Differential Phase Shift ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Communication Industry ◽  
Shift Keying

Phase shift keying modulation approaches are widely used in the communication industry. Differential phase shift keying (DPSK) and Offset Quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK) schemes are chosen to be investigated is multi environment channels, where both systems are designed using MATLAB Simulink and tested. Cross talk and unity of signals generated from DPSK and OQPSK are examined using Cross-correlation and auto-correlation, respectively. In this research a proposed system included improvement in bit error rate (BER) of both systems in  the additive white Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel, by using the convolutional and block codes, by increasing the ratio of energy in the specular component to the energy in the diffuse component (k) and  the diversity order BER in the fading channels will be improved in both systems.    

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Chaotic Scheme in Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nizar Al Bassam ◽  
Oday Jerew
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Gaussian Noise ◽  
Chaotic Systems ◽  
Gaussian Approximation ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Transmitted Signal ◽  
Chaos Shift Keying ◽  
Channel Environment

A new chaotic scheme named Flipped Chaotic On-Off Keying (FCOOK) is proposed for binary transmission. In FCOOK, the low correlation value between the stationary signal and its mirrored version is utilized. Transmitted signal for binary 1 is a chaotic segment added to its time flipped (mirrored) version within one bit duration, while in binary 0, no transmission takes place within the same bit duration. The proposed scheme is compared with the standard chaotic systems: Differential Chaos Shift Keying (DCSK) and Correlation Delay Shift Keying (CDSK). The Bit Error Rate (BER) of FCOOK is studied analytically based on Gaussian approximation method. Results show that the BER performance of FCOOK outperforms DCSK and CDSK in AWGN channel environment and with variousEb/Nolevels. Additionally, FCOOK offers a double bit rate compared with the standard DCSK.

The influence of sampling frequency and interpolation on the bit error rate of GMSK signal

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
D.D. Privalov
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Synchronization Error ◽  
Minimum Number

The sampling rate at a given bit rate is a requirement for the speed of digital signal processors. In this regard, it is necessary to strive to reduce it in the development of electronic devices, especially portable ones. However, this can lead to an increase in the bit error rate during signal detection. Therefore, it is important to determine the degradation of signal detection with decreasing sampling frequency and to develop practical recommendations to ensure the specified quality of communication. The aim of the article is to study the influence of sampling frequency and interpolation on the bit error rate of GMSK Signal. The article considers the incoherent detection of a GMSK signal in a channel with additive white Gaussian noise, taking into account the influence of the clock synchronization error. Numerical results are presented that characterize an increase in the bit error rate with a decrease in the signal sampling frequency. It is shown that when using the cubic Farrow interpolator, there is no significant degradation in the bit error probability. The minimum number of samples per symbol is determined, at which the bit error rate is close to the theoretical values in the absence of synchronization error. The presented results can be used in development of wireless data transmission systems.

scholarly journals Investigation of sub-carrier multiplexed fiber optic link supporting WLAN and WCDMA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland M. C. Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Multipath Fading ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Optical Noise ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Nonlinear Distortions

In this thesis, an optical fiber based radio access architecture that simultaneously provides services of the wireless local area network (WLAN) and the third generation (3G) mobile communication system is investigated. The sub-carrier multiplexed (SCM) technique of the fiber optic system is considered. The SCM architecture does not require frequency conversion and plays an important role enabling the WLAN to complement the cellular mobile communication systems so that the user can have both services as needed. In the SCM architecture, the two mediums that signals propagate are the air interface and the radio over fiber (ROF) link. In the air interface, the signal experience path loss and multipath fading that have effect on the system performance. The ROF link introduces nonlinear distortions and optical noise. The uplink and downlink analysis are performed in this thesis considering all the impairments from the air interface and the ROF link. Thereafter, numerical results are generated for both the uplink and downlink to illustrate the performance of the SCM architecture. The analysis identifies the interdependent relationship of the WLAN and the WCDMA system. The numerical results graphically illustrate such interdependent relationship. In the downlink, a 5 km ROF link operating at optimal power can support a WCDMA system with 1 km radius of coverage that has 26 dB of signal to distortion and noise ratio (SDNR); and a WLAN system with 400 m radius of coverage that has 27 dB of SDNR. The throughput of IEEE 802.11 WLAN depends on the medium access control. Hence, the medium access control is investigated and the throughput expression is modified to adapt to the SCM architecture where signals travel extra distance in a fiber.

scholarly journals Improving Image Transmission by Using Polar Codes and Successive Cancellation List Decoding

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Garcia ◽  
Maria De Lourdes Melo Guedes Alcoforado ◽  
Francisco Madeiro ◽  
Valdemar Cardoso Da Rocha Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
Polar Codes ◽  
Code Construction ◽  
Successive Cancellation ◽  
Natural Choice ◽  
Shift Keying

This paper investigates the transmission of grey scale images encoded with polar codes and de-coded with successive cancellation list (SCL) decoders in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise. Po-lar codes seem a natural choice for this application be-cause of their error-correction efficiency combined with fast decoding. Computer simulations are carried out for evaluating the influence of different code block lengths in the quality of the decoded images. At the encoder a default polar code construction is used in combination with binary phase shift keying modulation. The results are compared with those obtained by using the clas-sic successive cancellation (SC) decoding introduced by Arikan. The quality of the reconstructed images is assessed by using peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and the structural similarity (SSIM) index. Curves of PSNR and SSIM versus code block length are presented il-lustrating the improvement in performance of SCL in comparison with SC.

Mobile e-Learning for Next Generation Communication Environment

2010 ◽  
pp. 1844-1855
Author(s):  
Tin-Yu Wu ◽  
Han-Chieh Chao
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Available Bandwidth ◽  
Online Test ◽  
Interactive Classroom ◽  
E Learning

This article develops an environment for mobile e-learningthat includes an interactive course, virtual online labs, an interactive online test, and lab-exercise training platform on the fourth generation mobile communication system. TheNext Generation Learning Environment (NeGL) promotes the term “knowledge economy.” Inter-networking has become one of the most popular technologies in mobile e-learning for the next generation communicationenvironment. This system uses a variety of computer embedded devices to ubiquitously access multimedia information, such as smart phones and PDAs. The most important feature is greater available bandwidth. The learning mode in the future will be an international, immediate, virtual, and interactive classroom that enables learners to learn and interact.

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