scholarly journals Observations on nesting activity, life cycle, and brood ball morphometry of the Bordered Dung Beetle Oniticellus cinctus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) under laboratory conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 14137-14143
Author(s):  
Amar Paul Singh ◽  
Kritish De ◽  
Shagun Mahajan ◽  
Ritwik Mondal ◽  
Virendra Prasad Uniyal
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Brood Chamber ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ball Diameter ◽  
Nesting Activity ◽  
First Time

The nesting activity, life cycle, and brood ball morphometry of the dung beetle Oniticellus cinctus (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were studied under laboratory conditions for the first time in India.  The females made a brood chamber within the dung mass provided, wherein they made brood balls to lay eggs.  The life cycle includes egg, larva (three instars), pupa, and adult stages.  The total duration for the development was about one month.  The study found that there was a significant difference present in the brood ball diameter (except in the first and second instars) and brood ball weight (except in the second instar and pupa) of the six life cycle stages.  It was also found that brood ball weight and diameter have a significant positive correlation as well as a linear relationship.  

scholarly journals Insecticidal Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Spodoptera frugiperda under Laboratory Conditions

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Sarayut Pittarate ◽  
Julius Rajula ◽  
Afroja Rahman ◽  
Perumal Vivekanandhan ◽  
Malee Thungrabeab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference

Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a major pest of corn, rice, and sorghum among other crops usually controlled using synthetic or biological insecticides. Currently, the new invention of nanotechnology is taking root in the agricultural industry as an alternative source of pest management that is target-specific, safe, and efficient. This study sought to determine the efficacy of commercial Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) towards S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions. ZnO NPs were diluted into different concentrations (100–500 ppm), where the baby corn used to feed the S. frugiperda larvae was dipped. The development of the insect feeding on food dipped in ZnO solution was significantly (p < 0.05) affected, and the number of days that the insect took to complete its life cycle had a significant difference compared to the control. There was a significant difference in the adults’ emergence in all the concentrations of ZnO NPs compared to the control, with over 90% of the eggs successfully going through the life cycle until adult emergence. Additionally, several body malformations were observed throughout the lifecycle of the insect. Also, the fecundity of the females was greatly affected. The findings of this study suggest the possibility of exploitation of ZnO nanoparticles not only to manage S. frugiperda but to significantly reduce their population in the ecosystem through body deformations, reduced fecundity, reduced oviposition, and hatchability of eggs. It will be a valuable tool in integrated pest management regimens.

Life Cycle Impacts and External Costs for Various Hydrogen Pathways

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Tupper ◽  
Jan F. Kreider
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
First Time

Hydrogen is an energy vector of considerable recent interest because of its perceived environmental benignity. Aspects of the hydrogen economy are addressed in this article by quantifying associated impacts and costs. For the first time, important questions are addressed in a comprehensive way. Impact assessments and external cost analyses investigate whether hydrogen should replace standard fuels and which production technologies are preferred. Finally, the life cycle stages of that contribute the largest impacts are identified. If external costs are to be minimized in the operation of a U.S. hydrogen economy, it is recommended that hydrogen (H2) be produced from solar thermochemical (STC) cycles and wind electrolysis, with the possible use of steam methane reforming (SMR). The external costs associated with biomass gasification are shown to be comparable with those for wind electrolysis. Thus, biomass-produced hydrogen could also be a viable alternative, especially in areas ideally suited to the growth of energy crops. Finally, the most influential life cycle stages are the Construction of the Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) and Hydrogen Production (except for the environmentally benign wind electrolysis). For the wind/electrolysis case, the majority of impacts come from plant construction.

scholarly journals The first record of Litargus tetraspilotus (Coleoptera, Mycetophagidae) in Brazil, with biological notes and complementary description of the species

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Julianne Milléo ◽  
Jonathan P Castro ◽  
Cibele S Ribeiro-Costa ◽  
Jana M. T. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
First Record ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Present Information ◽  
First Time

Litargus tetraspilotus LeConte, 1856 was collected feeding on Oidium sp. (Fungi, Ascomycota, Erysiphaceae) associated with fruit trees. This is the first time L. tetraspilotus is recorded in Brazil, totaling three species of Mycetophagidae for this country. This study aims to provide a complementary description of this species based on new characters and to present information on its life cycle under laboratory conditions and fluctuation in population in the field. During the period of inventories between July 2004 and August 2006, about every fifteen days, a total of 565 specimens of L. tetraspilotus were collected, with the highest abundance found on citrus plants, with values differing significantly between the two years. The population levels differed between the seasons; spring had the greatest abundance and autumn the least. There was a significant positive correlation of L. tetraspilotus abundance with rainfall and relative humidity. Mycetophagidae, as well as other mycophagous families of Brazilian coleopterans, are barely studied, warranting further future studies of their bioecology and systematics.

scholarly journals Morphological and ultrastructural studies on Ulva flexuosa subsp. pilifera (Chlorophyta) from Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Messyasz ◽  
Joanna Czerwik-Marcinkowska ◽  
Andrzej Massalski ◽  
Bohuslav Uher ◽  
Andrzej Rybak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Irregular Structures ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
First Time

<em>Ulva flexuosa</em> subsp. <em>pilifera</em> (Kütz.) M. J. Wynne 2005 (= <em>Enteromorpha pilifera</em> Kützing 1845) was previously found in Argentina, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Sweden, recently also in Poland. The genus <em>Ulva</em> was first time described as <em>Enteromorpha</em>. Interestingly, <em>Enteromorpha</em> is used nowadays as a synonym for <em>Ulva</em>, a development which is based on molecular data. The morphologies of both young and mature specimens were studied, and most life cycle stages could be observed. Further, the formation of calcium carbonate crystals on the surface of <em>Ulva</em> thalli seems to influence the arrangement of the cells. A detailed ultrastructural (TEM) analysis of cell walls is presented. The TEM reveals in great details highly complex, irregular structures with stratification lines.

scholarly journals Mating behaviour of the European leafminer Scaptomyza flava (Diptera Drosophilidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
M. Shakeel ◽  
X.Z. He ◽  
N.A. Martin ◽  
A. Hanan ◽  
Q. Wang
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mating Success ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Mating Experience ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
First Time ◽  
Behavioural Sequence

European leafminer Scaptomyza flava (Falln) is an important pest of brassicas peas and gypsophila in New Zealand This study examined the mating behaviour of this species for the first time under laboratory conditions Males were the active sex in the entire mating behavioural sequence involving approaching courting and mounting females and copulation Copulation lasted for about 20 min There was no significant difference in pre courtship courtship and mating durations between virgin and mated males However mated males were significantly more likely to perform courtship and to achieve mating than virgin ones It is suggested that males learn from mating experience which helps them achieve higher mating success Both virgin and mated males tended to disrupt mating couples but could not separate them

Life cycle and sexual mode adaptations of the parasitic mite Ensliniella parasitica (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae) to its host, the eumenine wasp Allodynerus delphinalis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Okabe ◽  
S. Makino
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Small Male ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Parasitic Mite ◽  
Facultative Parthenogenesis ◽  
First Time

We investigated two important life-history traits in parasites, i.e., life cycle and reproductive mode, that should be adapted to specific hosts using the parasitic mite Ensliniella parasitica Vitzthum, 1925 and the host wasp Allodynerus delphinalis (Giraud, 1866) in field- and laboratory-reared nests. The life cycle of E. parasitica was synchronized with that of the wasp; this synchronization facilitated dispersal. Life-cycle plasticity of the mite was low and development was halted on dead hosts. There was no significant difference in wasp juvenile mortality between mite-laden and mite-free individuals under controlled conditions. Therefore, the mites were suggested to be not toxic to the hosts. We confirmed for the first time that virgin female mites ovoviviparously produce arrhenotokous males the size of a protonymph to compensate for the absence of males in a cell. Although no obvious antagonistic behaviour between large (i.e., sexual) and small males was observed, large males mounted females on late prepupal hosts, about 1–2 days before either the egg or the small male was laid. We conclude that the adaptations of the mite to its host involve life-cycle synchronization, low-impact parasitism, and facultative parthenogenesis.

Rhipicephalus humeralis Rondelli 1926

Parasitology ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane B. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Host List

1. The male of Rhipicephalus humeralis is redescribed and the female and immature stages are described for the first time. The synonymy of the species is discussed and the various stages are compared with those of R. pulchellus.2. Details of the life cycle under laboratory conditions are given.3. The host list and distribution of the species are given.

scholarly journals Biology of Red Palm Mite, Raoiella indica, on Different Coconut Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aulia Nusantara ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono ◽  
Suputa Suputa ◽  
Edhi Martono
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Immature Male ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Red Palm Mite ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Raoiella Indica ◽  
Dwarf Variety

Red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), has emerged as a new threat to coconut plantation in Indonesia. To control this mite, understanding on its biology is essential. The effects of three coconut varieties (Salak Dwarf, Local Sumenep Tall, and Hybrid coconuts) on the development and fecundity of R. indica were determined under laboratory conditions at 26−28oC, 80% RH, and photoperiod of 12:12 (L:D). The life cycle of R. indica consisted of the egg, larva, protonymph, deutonymph, and adult stages. Total development time of immature females was significantly influenced by coconut varieties. The shortest immature developmental time occurred at Salak Dwarf variety (26.07 days), whereas no significant difference of development time of immature female on Hybrid and Local Sumenep Tall varieties was found. Moreover, there was also no significant difference on the development time of immature male and on the fecundity of the mite among different coconut varieties. IntisariTungau merah kelapa, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), merupakan ancaman baru bagi perkebunan kelapa di Indonesia. Pemahaman mengenai biologi diperlukan untuk strategi pengendalian tungau tersebut di masa datang. Pengaruh tiga varietas kelapa yang berbeda (Genjah Salak, Lokal Sumenep, dan Hibrida) terhadap perkembangan dan keperidian R. indica diamati pada kondisi laboratorium dengan suhu 26−28oC, kelembapan nisbi 75−85%, serta pencahayaan 12 jam terang dan 12 jam gelap (L:D=12:12). Siklus hidup tungau terdiri dari telur, larva, protonimfa, deutonimfa, dan dewasa. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa waktu perkembangan betina pradewasa dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh varietas kelapa. Waktu perkembangan paling pendek terdapat pada kelapa Genjah Salak (26,07 hari), sedangkan waktu perkembangan betina pradewasa tidak berbeda nyata pada kelapa Hibrida dan Dalam Lokal Sumenep. Hasil lain pengujian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata waktu perkembangan jantan pradewasa dan keperidian pada ketiga varietas.

scholarly journals TINGKAT MANAJEMEN LABA PADA BERBAGAI TAHAP SIKLUS HIDUP PERUSAHAAN DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-328
Author(s):  
Amelia Hartono ◽  
Muhammad Hadyan ◽  
Rinaningsih ◽  
Retno Yuliati
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Anova Model ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Significant Difference

This research is conducted to examine the differences in earnings management level at various company life cycle stages in Indonesia, especially for public companies which listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2002 to 2016. This research uses a sample of 4,400 observational data which obtained by purposive sampling from Capital IQ. To determine the stage of the company life cycle, this research uses Dickinson's (2011) model criteria by dividing the company life cycle into five stages: introduction, growth, mature, shake-out, and decline. This research is tested with the ANOVA model and proves that there is a significant difference in the level of earnings management in the decline, introduction, and shake-out companies compared to the growth stage. However, the results of this study proves that the value of earnings management in growth and mature stage companies are not significantly difference.

Stage-specific and species-specific differences in the production of the mRNA and protein for the filarial nematode secreted product, ES-62

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. STEPEK ◽  
K. M. HOUSTON ◽  
H. S. GOODRIDGE ◽  
E. DEVANEY ◽  
W. HARNETT
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Filarial Nematode ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
Species Specific

Previous studies have shown that the secreted phosphorylcholine-containing glycoprotein of filarial nematodes, ES-62, is only present in the post-infective life-cycle stages, but that the mRNA is transcribed throughout the worm's life-cycle. The aim of this current study was to investigate whether the presence or absence of protein expression simply reflects differences in mRNA abundance. To this end, we investigated the relative abundance of ES-62 using TaqMan real time RT-PCR, in different life-cycle stages of 2 model filarial nematode parasites,Acanthocheilonema viteaeandBrugia pahangi. ForB. pahangi, microfilariae, infective larvae and adult worms were each found to have approximately similar levels of ES-62 mRNA. However, the corresponding stages ofA. viteaediffered greatly from each other with a pattern of increased mRNA production with maturation. As a ruleA. viteaehad higher levels of ES-62 mRNA thanB. pahangi, and this was particularly noticeable in the adult stage where the difference was approximately 3500-fold higher. However, this significant difference in mRNA abundance was not reflected in the quantity of ES-62 protein secreted by the adult worms of each species, asA. viteaeonly secreted ~3 times as much ES-62 asB. pahangi. Thus, overall, the results obtained from this study indicate that ES-62 protein production does not solely reflect mRNA levels, and also suggest that the 2 nematodes may employ different mechanisms for regulating protein production.

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