scholarly journals Initial Effects of the Left Ventricular Repair by Plication May Not Last Long in a Rat Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Model

Circulation ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 104 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Nishina ◽  
Kazunobu Nishimura ◽  
Sadatoshi Yuasa ◽  
Senri Miwa ◽  
Takuya Nomoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Second Surgery

Background Long term effects of left ventricle (LV) repair surgery (LVR) for ischemic cardiomyopathy are not well understood. Methods and Results Sixty-nine rats developed ischemic cardiomyopathy with large akinetic LV area 4 weeks after the left anterior descending artery was ligated. In a second surgery 4 weeks later, 33 rats underwent LVR by plication of the akinetic LV area (LVR group), and 36 underwent rethoracotomy alone (sham group). No medication was used in either group. All rats survived the second surgery. LV end-diastolic dimension as measured by echocardiography, LV fractional shortening, and the maximal end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (E max ) as calculated from the data by catheter-tipped manometer and echocardiography improved in the LVR group after the second surgery, but LV end-diastolic dimension and E max gradually deteriorated as time passed. LV end-diastolic pressure improved 1 week after LVR but rose significantly 4 weeks after LVR. Brain natriuretic peptide mRNA was lower in the LVR group than in the sham group 1 week after LVR but not 4 weeks postoperatively. Conclusions Initial improvement in LV function and neurohormonal status after LVR did not last for 4 weeks in this rat model when untreated medically. The mechanism of deterioration should be elucidated to improve long-term results of LVR.

scholarly journals Benefits of long-term β-blockade in experimental chronic aortic regurgitation

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (4) ◽  
pp. H1888-H1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Plante ◽  
Dominic Lachance ◽  
Serge Champetier ◽  
Marie-Claude Drolet ◽  
Élise Roussel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Adrenergic System ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Lv Remodeling

The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effects of β-blockade on survival and left ventricular (LV) remodeling in rats with aortic valve regurgitation (AR). The pharmacological management of chronic AR remains controversial. No drug has been definitively proven to delay the need for valve replacement or to affect morbidity and/or mortality. Our group has reported that the adrenergic system is activated in an animal model of AR and that adrenergic blockade may help maintain normal LV function. The effects of prolonged treatment with a β-blocker are unknown. Forty Wistar rats with severe AR were divided into 2 groups of 20 animals each and treated with metoprolol (Met, 25 mg·kg−1·day−1) or left untreated for 1 yr. LV remodeling was evaluated by echocardiography. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meir curves. Hearts were harvested for tissue analysis. All Met-treated animals were alive after 6 mo vs. 70% of untreated animals. After 1 yr, 60% of Met-treated animals were alive vs. 35% of untreated animals ( P = 0.028). All deaths, except one, were sudden. There were no differences in LV ejection fraction (all >50%) or LV dimensions. LV mass tended to be lower in the Met-treated group. There was less subendocardial fibrosis in this group, as well as lower LV filling pressures (LV end-diastolic pressure). β-Adrenergic receptor ratio (β1/β2) was improved. One year of treatment with Met was well tolerated. Met improved 1-yr survival, minimized LV hypertrophy, improved LV filling pressures, decreased LV subendocardial fibrosis, and helped restore the β-adrenergic receptor ratio.

Colchicine attenuates left ventricular hypertrophy but preserves cardiac function of aortic-constricted rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1627-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz S. Scopacasa ◽  
Vicente P. A. Teixeira ◽  
Kleber G. Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Right Ventricular Mass ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Phenylephrine Infusion

To investigate the effects of colchicine on left ventricular (LV) function and hypertrophy (LVH) of rats subjected to constriction of transverse aorta (TAoC), we evaluated SO (sham operated, vehicle; n = 25), SO-T (sham operated, colchicine 0.4 mg/kg body wt ip daily; n = 38), TAoC (vehicle; n = 37), and TAoC-T (TAoC, colchicine; n = 34) on the 2nd, 6th, and 15th day after surgery. Colchicine attenuated LVH of TAoC-T compared with TAoC rats, as evaluated by ratio between LV mass (LVM) and right ventricular mass, LV wall thickness, and average diameter of cardiac myocytes. Systolic gradient across TAoC (∼45 mmHg), LV systolic pressure, LV end-diastolic pressure, and rate of LV pressure increase (+dP/d t) were comparable in TAoC-T and TAoC rats. However, the baseline and increases of LV systolic pressure-to-LVM and +dP/d t-to-LVMratios induced by phenylephrine infusion were greater in TAoC-T and SO-T compared with SO rats. Baseline and increases of +dP/d t-to-LVM ratio were reduced in TAoC compared with SO rats. TAoC rats increased polymerized fraction of tubulin compared with SO, SO-T, and TAoC-T rats. Our results indicate that colchicine treatment reduced LVH to pressure overload but preserved LV function.

Temporal sequence of endotoxin-induced systolic and diastolic myocardial depression in rabbits

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (3) ◽  
pp. H810-H819 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hung ◽  
W. Y. Lew
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Temporal Sequence ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Myocardial Depression ◽  
Systolic Volume ◽  
End Systolic Volume

Twelve anesthetized rabbits received endotoxin (175 +/- 38 micrograms/kg i.v., mean +/- SD) to evaluate the temporal sequence of alterations in left ventricular (LV) function. LV volume was calculated from LV minor- and long-axis diameters, and wall thickness was measured with sonomicrometers. Hypotension, acidosis, and hypoxia were immediately corrected to eliminate these causes of myocardial depression. LV dilation developed early (1.2 +/- 0.5 h) with a significant (21 +/- 23%) increase in end-diastolic volume measured at a LV end-diastolic pressure of 5 +/- 6 mmHg. The LV stiffness did not change, and the LV dilation did not progressively worsen. Significant systolic depression developed later (2.8 +/- 1.0 h) with a 32 +/- 22% increase in end-systolic volume measured at a LV end-systolic pressure of 69 +/- 9 mmHg. The late preterminal phase (4.1 +/- 0.8 h) was characterized by a progressive increase in end-systolic volume (73 +/- 41% above control) and a significant (53 +/- 34%) increase in tau, the time constant of LV pressure fall. Diastolic abnormalities (LV dilation and increased tau) were not attributable to depressed contractility or altered hemodynamics. We conclude that endotoxin impairs systolic and diastolic LV function with distinct differences in time course. This suggests that contractility, relaxation, and passive LV properties are impaired by different endotoxin-mediated pathways and/or have different sensitivities to endotoxin.

Abstract 2262: No Impact Of The Mitral Annuloplasty On Overall Survival In Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy - Long-term Follow-up Study.

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof S Golba ◽  
Jolanta Biernat ◽  
Marek A Deja ◽  
Wojciech Domaradzki ◽  
Marek Jasiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Mitral Regurgitation ◽  
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Coronary Bypass ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Mitral Annuloplasty ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis

Good long-term results are reported after the mitral valve (MV) repair for ischemic regurgitation. The aim of the study was to identify predictors of the overall survival after routine MV repair in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods. 164 patients, 60.9±8.66 years old, with chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation and left ventricle ejection fraction (EF) = 30.7±6.04 undergoing coronary bypass with or without MV repair were prospectively followed for 5.1±1.63 years. A Cox proportional hazards model evaluated overall survival as a function of baseline age, sex, EF, mitral regurgitation jet area, left atrial area, atrial fibrillation, NYHA class, prior anterior or inferior myocardial infarction, medical comorbidities, MV repair, left ventricular plasty, left main and 3 vessel disease, venous graft to left anterior descending artery, number of grafts and year of operation. Treatment selection bias was controlled by deriving a propensity score for mitral annuloplasty. Results. Predictors included in the Cox regression model of overall survival are presented in table . The ROC curve analysis revealed EF <30.0, (sensitivity and specificity - 61.7% and 59.0%, respectively) and serum creatinine >1.17, (45.6% and 77.2%) as a cut-off values in the prediction of overall survival. Conclusions. There is no impact of the mitral annuloplasty on overall survival in these patients. MV repair can be safely added to coronary bypass grafting in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Multivariable Cox regression analysis results

GH-releasing peptides improve cardiac dysfunction and cachexia and suppress stress-related hormones and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with heart failure

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (4) ◽  
pp. H1643-H1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Bin Xu ◽  
Jin-Jiang Pang ◽  
Ji-Min Cao ◽  
Chao Ni ◽  
Rong-Kun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Cardiac Cachexia

Growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptides (GHRP), a class of synthetic peptidyl GH secretagogues, have been reported to exert a cardioprotective effect on cardiac ischemia. However, whether GHRP have a beneficial effect on chronic heart failure (CHF) is unclear, and the present work aims to clarify this issue. At 9 wk after pressure-overload CHF was created by abdominal aortic banding in rats, one of four variants of GHRP (GHRP-1, -2, and -6 and hexarelin, 100 μg/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously twice a day for 3 wk. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization were performed to monitor cardiac function and obtain blood samples for hormone assay. GHRP treatment significantly improved left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling in CHF rats, as indicated by increased LV ejection fraction, LV end-systolic pressure, and diastolic posterior wall thickness and decreased LV end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic dimension. GHRP also significantly alleviated development of cardiac cachexia, as shown by increases in body weight and tibial length in CHF rats. Plasma CA, renin, ANG II, aldosterone, endothelin-1, and atrial natriuretic peptide were significantly elevated in CHF rats but were significantly decreased in GHRP-treated CHF rats. GHRP suppressed cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased cardiac GH secretagogue receptor mRNA expression in CHF rats. GHRP also decreased myocardial creatine kinase release in hypophysectomized rats subjected to acute myocardial ischemia. We conclude that chronic administration of GHRP alleviates LV dysfunction, pathological remodeling, and cardiac cachexia in CHF rats, at least in part by suppressing stress-induced neurohormonal activations and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

scholarly journals Long-Term Results of Hybrid Left Ventricular Reconstruction in the Treatment of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Naar ◽  
Ivo Skalský ◽  
Andreas Krűger ◽  
Filip Málek ◽  
Kevin Van Bladel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Ischemic Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricular Reconstruction ◽  
Anchoring System

AbstractThe evidence supporting surgical aneurysmectomy in ischemic heart failure is inconsistent. The aim of the study was to describe long-term effect of minimally invasive hybrid transcatheter and minithoracotomy left ventricular (LV) reconstruction in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Twenty-three subjects with transmural anterior wall scarring, LV ejection fraction 15–45%, and New York Heart Association class ≥ II were intervened using Revivent TC anchoring system. LV end-systolic volume index was reduced from 73.2 ± 27 ml at baseline to 51.5 ± 22 ml after 6 months (p < 0.001), 49.9 ± 20 ml after 2 years (p < 0.001), and 56.1 ± 16 ml after 5 years (p = 0.047). NYHA class improved significantly at 5 years compared to baseline. Six-min walk test distance increased at 2 years compared to the 6-month visit. Hybrid LV reconstruction using the anchoring system provides significant and durable LV volume reduction during 5-year follow-up in preselected patients with ischemic heart failure. Graphical abstract

Abstract 14915: Incidence, Predictors and Clinical Impact of Left Ventricular Functional Recovery Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaro Nakae ◽  
Satoshi Kainuma ◽  
Koichi Toda ◽  
Shigeru Miyagawa ◽  
Daisuke Yoshioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Function Recovery ◽  
Lv Remodeling ◽  
Relationship Of

Introduction: CABG is considered the standard treatment for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). However, it remains unknown who would achieve postoperative LV function recovery after CABG. Furthermore, the relationship of postoperative LV function recovery with long-term outcomes remains unclear. Hypothesis: In patients with ICM who undergo CABG, postoperative LV function recovery, which would be influenced by degree of LV remodeling at baseline, is associated with improved outcomes. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study comprised 490 cases with LVEF of ≤40% who underwent CABG between 1993 and 2015. Clinical follow-up was completed in 467 cases (95%), with a mean follow-up of 65±46 months (range, 0-266). A total of postoperative echocardiographic assessments were carried with an average number of 3.7±2.4. LV function recovery was defined as LVEF ≥35% at more than one exam. Association of LV function recovery with mortality after adjustments for clinically relevant covariates was estimated using Cox proportional hazard model. Pre- and intraoperative associates of LV function recovery were identified using logistic regression model. Results: During follow-up, there were 203 mortalities (41%) and overall 10-year survival was 45%. LV function recovery was found in 368 cases (75%), while not in 122 (25%). Overall 10-year survival was significantly higher in patients who achieved LV function recovery as compared with those who did not achieve it (52% vs. 23%). Multivariate analysis identified LV function recovery was independently associated with decreased overall mortality (adjusted HR 0.40, p<0.0001). Preoperative LVDs (adjusted OR 0.92, p<0.0001), eGFR (adjusted OR 1.12, p=0.016) and revascularization using bilateral internal thoracic arteries (BITA) (adjusted OR 2.81, p=0.018) are the independent predictors of LV function recovery. Conclusions: Among patients with ICM who underwent CABG, 75% achieved substantial postoperative LV function recovery, in association with better long-term survival, as compared with the remaining 25% of patients who did not achieve it. Preoperative less LV remodeling and preserved renal function as well as revascularization with use of BITA might be associated with LV function recovery.

Chronic coronary arterial stenosis impairs alpha 1-adrenoreceptor signaling and cardiac performance in rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. H929-H938
Author(s):  
L. G. Meggs ◽  
H. Huang ◽  
P. Li ◽  
J. M. Capasso ◽  
P. Anversa
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Stenosis ◽  
Radioligand Binding ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Left And Right

Coronary stenosis was induced in rats to determine whether chronic coronary artery constriction resulted in impairment of cardiac pump performance, alterations in alpha 1-adrenoreceptor signal transduction, and inadequate myocardial hypertrophy, and these parameters were examined 6 mo later. A 50% reduction in coronary diameter was associated with an elevation in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, whereas left ventricular peak systolic pressure, rate of pressure rise and decay were reduced. The hypertrophic response was modest, since statistically significant increases of 11% and 23% in left and right ventricular weights were measured. Radioligand binding documented an 18% and a 38% statistically significant reduction in alpha 1-adrenoreceptor density of the left and right myocardium, respectively. ADP ribosylation of the 41-kDa substrate by pertussis toxin showed a 16% significant decrease of this parameter in the left myocardium. Moreover, a 29% decrease in norepinephrine stimulated phosphoinositol turnover was seen in myocytes, and this change was statistically significant. The depressed generation of intracellular second messengers linked to the alpha 1-adrenoreceptors was found in conjunction with a 19% significant reduction in myocardial norepinephrine content. In conclusion, the long-term effects of coronary stenosis involve impaired transduction of adrenergic signals, which, in combination with constraints on myocardial growth, may participate in the onset of ventricular dysfunction in this model.

Prostaglandin E1 increases myocardial contractility in the conscious dog

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1505-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Roux ◽  
J. G. Latour ◽  
P. Théroux ◽  
J. P. Clozel ◽  
M. G. Bourassa
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Myocardial Contractility ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Inotropic Effects ◽  
Conscious Dog

The systemic and inotropic properties of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) were investigated in 20 unanesthetized dogs. Pairs of ultrasonic dimension gauges and a micromanometer were implanted in the subendocardium and the apex of the left ventricle (LV), respectively. Seven to ten days later, increasing doses of PGE1 were infused into the left atrium. To appreciate the inotropic effects of the agent, the heart rate was maintained constant at 150 beats/min in a subgroup of dogs while preload was modified by bleeding or saline infusion over matched ranges of end-diastolic segmental length (EDL) during placebo and PGE1 infusions (0.25 μg∙kg−1∙min−1). LV function curves (ΔL: systolic segmental shortening versus EDL) were plotted. Increasing doses of PGE1 above 0.031 μg∙kg−1∙min−1 brought a progressive decrease of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, EDL, ΔL, and peak left ventricular systolic pressure. The heart rate increased significantly at dosages from 0.063 to 0.125 μg∙kg−1∙min−1, and peak positive dP/dt after an initial increase fell at the dose of 0.5 μg∙kg−1∙min−1. The LV function curves invariably showed a shift to the left when PGE1 was administered; as the basal EDL was restored during PGE, infusion, ΔL reached a 33% increase (p < 0.001). Thus, in addition to its potent vasodilating properties that are more prominent on preload than afterload, PGE1 increases myocardial contractility in the conscious dog.

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