Abstract 2796: Coronary Plaque Classification by Multislice Computed Tomography in Comparison with Histopathological Examination of the Atheromatous Tissue Obtained by Directional Coronary Atherectomy

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeki Kimura ◽  
Tsunekazu Kakuta ◽  
Taishi Yonetsu ◽  
Asami Suzuki ◽  
Yuki Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Fibrous Plaque ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Directional Coronary Atherectomy

Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) has been reported to characterize plaque morphology using intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS) findings as the reference. However, the histopathological assessment for the efficacy of MSCT to distinguish atherosclerotic coronary plaque components has not been performed in vivo. We sought to find the cutoff values of CT density (CTD) to classify the non-calcified plaques using histopathological findings as the standard of reference. Thirty nine target lesions treated by directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) in 39 patients with coronary artery disease, who underwent preintervention MSCT and ICUS, were investigated. The lesions with calcifications in MSCT were excluded. DCA samples of plaques were histopathologically classified into one of the two types; lipid rich plaque (L) or fibrous plaque (F), and further, these two plaque types were subdivided into each two groups, plaque with calcifications or without (L-C, L-NC, F-C, F-NC). The mean CTD was determined by ROI method (5 ROIs) from three cross-sections of each target lesion. We compared the mean CTD among the groups and determined the best cutoff values to differentiate plaque compositions by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Sixteen lesions were histopathologically classified as lipid rich (6 with calcification (L-C), 10 without (L-NC)) and 23 lesions as fibrous plaque (11: F-C, 12: F-NC). Although mean CTD was not significantly different among the groups (L-C: 73±28 HU, L-NC: 39±11, F-C: 87±15, F-NC: 70±12, p=0.09), there was a significant difference between L-NC and F-NC (p<0.01). ROC analysis revealed that the best cutoff value to differentiate L from F showed relatively low sensitivity (cutoff value 52HU, sensitivity 69%, specificity 96%, AUC 0.82), whereas very high sensitivity and specificity (cutoff value 44 HU, sensitivity 90%, specificity 100%, AUC 0.97) was detected for the cutoff value to differentiate L-NC from F-NC. Plaque CTD may accurately classify non-calcified plaque compositions comparable to histopathological definitions when the lesions were composed without microscopic calcifications.

Abstract 15473: Effect of Statins on Coronary Plaque Progression Assessed by Serial Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraj Dahal ◽  
Suvasini Lakshmanan ◽  
Khadije Ahmad ◽  
Vahid Rezvanizadeh ◽  
Ahmed K Ghanem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Plaque Burden ◽  
Plaque Morphology ◽  
Plaque Progression ◽  
Fibrous Plaque ◽  
Calcified Plaque

Introduction: Statins stabilize coronary plaques and reduce clinical events. However, it is unclear how statins change the total plaque burden and plaque morphology. Hypothesis: We aimed at investigating whether statin users have less coronary plaque progression compared to non-statins users. Methods: We identified 243 subjects undergoing serial computed tomography angiography, 163 taking statins and 80 who are not. Coronary plaque (total, calcified, non-calcified including fibrous, fibrous-fatty and low-attenuation plaque (LAP)) volume was measured using semi-automated plaque software (Qangio, Medis) and its change overtime between statins users and non-statins users was evaluated using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) modeling adjusted for age, gender, diabetic status, presence of hypertension, past smoking use, and baseline plaque levels. Results: Subjects on statin therapy had higher body mass index, were more likely to be diabetic, had hyperlipidemia, and were past smokers. Median coronary artery calcium score was significantly lower in the statin group; p<0.034. Driven primarily by changes in fibrous plaque, those on statin therapy showed 25% less total plaque (P=0.013) and 31% less total non-calcified plaque (P=0.006) at follow-up than non-statin users. Conclusions: The current study indicates that statin use is associated with less progression of total plaque and total non-calcified plaque burden.

Simple Age Specific Cutoff Value for Sarcopenia Evaluated by Computed Tomography

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Sun Kim ◽  
Won Young Kim ◽  
Hyun Kyung Park ◽  
Myung Chun Kim ◽  
Woong Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Psoas Muscle ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Until now, cutoff values of low skeletal muscle mass using computed tomography (CT) were driven by optimal stratification to predict mortality in cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the simple, age-specific, cutoff value of low skeletal muscle mass by CT in healthy adults. Design: This is a retrospective, observational, single-center study. Setting: This study was performed in the health screening department of a university-affiliated hospital during a 10-year period. Patients: Medical records of 1,422 patients presenting to the health screening department were reviewed. Cross-sectional area of psoas muscle at the level of the third lumbar vertebra on abdominal CT was measured and adjusted by height (mm2/m2). This value (psoas muscle index [PMI]) was assumed to represent whole skeletal muscle mass. We divided the patients according to age, sex, and defined cutoff value of low skeletal muscle mass as 2 SDs below the mean. Intervention: None. Measurements and Main Results: Among 1,422 patients, 550 patients (38.6%) were male. The mean PMI was 896.60 (mm2/m2) for men and 570.54 (mm2/m2) for women. Cutoff values of PMI for men were 592.3 mm2/m2 for 20-39 years, 474.0 mm2/m2 for 40-49 years, 422.2 mm2/m2 for 50-59 years, 374.4 mm2/m2 for 60-69 years, and 331.5 mm2/m2 for 70-89 years. The values for women were 399.9 mm2/m2 for 20-39 years, 287.7 mm2/m2 for 40-49 years, 242.5 mm2/m2 for 50-59 years, 220.4 mm2/m2 for 60-69 years, and 147.6 mm2/m2 for 70-89 years. Conclusions: Cutoff values of low skeletal muscle mass using CT differed in healthy adults as age increased. Further studies on the effect of sarcopenia intervention using this cutoff value are needed.

scholarly journals Jones Fractures Identified at the National Football League Scouting Combine: Assessment of Prognostic Factors, Computed Tomography Findings, and Initial Career Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596711879074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Spang ◽  
Daniel B. Haber ◽  
Brendin R. Beaulieu-Jones ◽  
Kristen L. Stupay ◽  
George Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Incomplete Healing ◽  
Bony Healing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Career Performance

Background: Jones fractures result in subsequent dysfunction and remain an issue for athletes. Purpose: To (1) describe the epidemiology, treatment, and impact of Jones fractures identified at the National Football League (NFL) Scouting Combine on players’ early careers and (2) establish the value of computed tomography (CT) to determine bony healing after a fracture in prospective players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All players who attended the combine between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed to identify their history of Jones fractures. The playing position, treatment method, and number of missed collegiate games were recorded. The mean overall draft pick number, number of games started and played, snap percentage, and position-specific performance scores (fantasy score) over the first 2 years in the NFL were compared between players with fractures and controls. An imaging classification system was applied based on grading of each quadrant of the fifth metatarsal (plantar, dorsal, medial, lateral), with a score of 0 for not healed or 1 for healed. Results: Overall, the number of Jones fractures identified was 72 in 2285 athletes (3.2%), with all treated via intramedullary screw fixation. The mean overall draft pick number for players with fractures was 111.2 ± 67.9 compared with 99.0 ± 65.9 for controls ( P = .12). Performance scores for players with fractures were lower than those for controls across all positions, with a significant difference in running backs (2.6 vs 4.0, respectively; P < .001) and defensive linemen (1.4 vs 2.3, respectively; P = .02). The mean CT score was 2.5 ± 1.3. Of the 32 athletes who underwent imaging, 16 Jones fractures (50.0%) were healed or nearly healed, 12 (37.5%) were partially healed, and 4 (12.5%) showed little or no healing. The plantar cortex demonstrated the least healing (18/32; 56.3%), followed by the lateral cortex (15/32; 46.9%). Players with a mean score <1 were found to have fewer games started (2.7 ± 2.5) than those with 1 to 3 cortices healed (17.4 ± 10.4) or all cortices healed (8.7 ± 11.2). Conclusion: Based on CT, 50% of all players with a previous Jones fracture demonstrated incomplete healing. Moreover, position-specific performance scores over the first 2 years of a player’s career were lower across all positions for those with fractures compared with controls. Players with CT scores <1 were found to start fewer games and were drafted later than controls.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Hounsfield Unit Values Obtained From Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Images for Different Bone Densities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Khavid ◽  
Mojgan Sametzadeh ◽  
Mostafa Godiny ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Moarrefpour
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background and objective: In recent years, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become a key diagnostic tool in dentistry. CBCT can provide 3D images of the maxillofacial area to help dental practitioners in diagnosis and treatment, especially implant placement and treatment of pathogenic lesions. This study aimed to compare the Hounsfield Unit (HU) values obtained from CBCT images for bones of different densities with the corresponding HU values from MDCT images. Materials and methods: cube-shaped bone blocks of identical size were cut from the middle section of the cow ribs and femur area such that they had a layer of cortical bone in their buccal, lingual, and top surfaces and trabecular bone in the middle. MDCT scans were performed using a Somatom Sensation Ct Scanner. After determining HU from the results of these scans, nine suitable specimens from different ranges of HU were chosen for comparison. HU of the CBCT images was computed by the dedicated software of the CBCT machine. Finally, HU values obtained from MDCT and CBCT were compared. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 at the 0.05 significance level. Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean HU from MDCT images and the mean HU from CBCT images (P<0.05). For similar specimens, CBCT produced higher mean HU values than MDCT. The Pearson correlation test detected a significant direct relationship between the HU values of specimens in MDCT and CBCT (P<0.05). Conclusion: For the tools and software used in this study, there was no significant difference between the HU values obtained from MDCT and CBCT, but the mean HU obtained from CBCT was higher than that from MDCT.

Multislice computed tomography coronary plaque imaging

2007 ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
Pim de Feyter ◽  
A Weustink ◽  
WB Meijboom ◽  
Nico Mollet ◽  
Filippo Cademartiri
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Plaque Imaging

scholarly journals Comparison of 2 ELISAs for detecting exposure to Brucella ovis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-705
Author(s):  
Molly J. Elderbrook ◽  
Brant A. Schumaker ◽  
Massaro W. Ueti ◽  
Meila Bastos de Almeida ◽  
Thallitha S. W. J. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Brucella Ovis ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Significant Difference

Control of Brucella ovis infection in sheep flocks in the United States depends on early detection of B. ovis antibodies via serologic testing. We used 2,276 sheep sera and various cutoff values to compare seroprevalence and agreement between 2 ELISAs: the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) B. ovis indirect ELISA and the IDEXX B. ovis ELISA kit. A subset of 295 sera was used to compare agreement and evaluate relative sensitivity and specificity of the 2 ELISAs with an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test kit. There was no significant difference in B. ovis seroprevalence between the ELISAs; however, there was poor agreement between them. When the AGID test was used as the reference test, the IDEXX ELISA with a moderate cutoff value (S/P ratio = 45%) had the highest relative sensitivity of 38.1% and specificity of 92.0%. The NVSL ELISA with a lax cutoff value (S/P ratio = 0.75) had relative sensitivity of 19.1% and specificity of 94.6%. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that optimal cutoff values for the NVSL and IDEXX ELISAs were 0.091 and 16.5%, respectively. This results in sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 31.8% for the NVSL ELISA, and sensitivity and specificity of 81.0% and 53.6% for the IDEXX ELISA, respectively.

Radiological observations on the olfactory fossa and ethmoid roof

2010 ◽  
Vol 124 (12) ◽  
pp. 1251-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Elwany ◽  
A Medanni ◽  
M Eid ◽  
A Aly ◽  
A El-Daly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Cribriform Plate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Operative Evaluation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjective:To establish normative dimensions for the depth of the olfactory fossa, the length and angulation of the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate, and the height of the ethmoid roof, in adult males and females.Design:The study assessed 300 high resolution, multislice computed tomography scans of the paranasal sinuses, which were evaluated using Merge Efilm software (version 2.0.0, build 37).Results:According to the original Keros classification, the type II olfactory fossa was the commonest type in men (66.7 per cent), while the type I fossa was commonest in women (53 per cent). A difference of 3 mm or more between the depths of the right and left olfactory fossae was present in 11 per cent of men and 2 per cent of women. The lateral lamella of the cribriform plate was significantly shorter and less oblique in men than in women. The length of the lateral lamella was greater anteriorly than posteriorly in both sexes. There was a statistically significant difference between the angle of the lateral lamellae, comparing right and left sides. The ethmoid roof was lower in women than men.Conclusion:The observed differences between men and women and between the right and left sides are of surgical importance, and should alert surgeons to the need for thorough, systematic pre-operative evaluation of computed tomography scans.

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