scholarly journals Trends in the Incidence of New‐Onset Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among Rural and Urban Areas in the United States, 2007 to 2019

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie A. Cameron ◽  
Ian Everitt ◽  
Laura E. Seegmiller ◽  
Lynn M. Yee ◽  
William A. Grobman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
New Onset

Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are growing public health problems that contribute to maternal morbidity, mortality, and future risk of cardiovascular disease. Given established rural‐urban differences in maternal cardiovascular health, we described contemporary trends in new‐onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in the United States. Methods and Results We conducted a serial, cross‐sectional analysis of 51 685 525 live births to individuals aged 15 to 44 years from 2007 to 2019 using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Natality Database. We included gestational hypertension and preeclampsia/eclampsia in individuals without chronic hypertension and calculated the age‐adjusted incidence (95% CI) per 1000 live births overall and by urbanization status (rural or urban). We used Joinpoint software to identify inflection points and calculate rate of change. We quantified rate ratios to compare the relative incidence in rural compared with urban areas. Incidence (95% CI) of new‐onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increased from 2007 to 2019 in both rural (48.6 [48.0–49.2] to 83.9 [83.1–84.7]) and urban (37.0 [36.8–37.2] to 77.2 [76.8–77.6]) areas. The rate of annual increase in new‐onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was more rapid after 2014 with greater acceleration in urban compared with rural areas. Rate ratios (95% CI) comparing incidence of new‐onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in rural and urban areas decreased from 1.31 (1.30–1.33) in 2007 to 1.09 (1.08–1.10) in 2019. Conclusions Incidence of new‐onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy doubled from 2007 to 2019 with persistent rural‐urban differences highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve the health of pregnant individuals and their offspring.

scholarly journals Rural tobacco use across the United States: How rural and urban areas differ, broken down by census regions and divisions

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Roberts ◽  
Nathan J. Doogan ◽  
Allison N. Kurti ◽  
Ryan Redner ◽  
Diann E. Gaalema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Alcohol and Drug Use and Abuse among Indian-Americans: A Review of Issues and Sources

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Adrian Heidenreich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Abuse ◽  
Local Levels

There is much concern that alcohol and drug abuse are among the top problems in the United States generally, and also a “high priority” health and social problem among Indians. For that reason, there have been numerous programs of education, prevention, and treatment directed toward and developed in Indian communities. Nevertheless, many personnel at both national and local levels and in both rural and urban areas lack adequate acquaintance with pertinent conceptual issues and sources on alcohol and drug use and abuse among Indians specifically. The purpose of this article is to help remedy that lack by reviewing the range of literature and presenting an overview of some of the major perspectives which should inform any approach to Indian alcohol and drug use and abuse.

scholarly journals Pre-Pregnancy Hypertension Among Women in Rural and Urban Areas of the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (22) ◽  
pp. 2611-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie A. Cameron ◽  
Rebecca Molsberry ◽  
Jacob B. Pierce ◽  
Amanda M. Perak ◽  
William A. Grobman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pregnancy Hypertension ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Regional ambulatory care for children with diabetes

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-544
Author(s):  
ARTHUR LESSER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
Access To Medical Care ◽  
Distribution Of Physicians

The problem of the distribution of physicians in the United States continues to be a serious obstacle to access to medical care. Experiences with a variety of initiatives in recent years confirm that there are no simple solutions to complex problems and that continued efforts and experimental programs are needed. Among these are more imaginative and less insular uses of the resources that we have. In this issue (p. 492), Giordano et al. describe a program designed to bring to diabetic children living in rural and urban areas of northern Florida the technical and professional services of a medical school

Rural Child Maltreatment: A Scoping Literature Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802091559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Maguire-Jack ◽  
Brooke Jespersen ◽  
Jill E. Korbin ◽  
James C. Spilsbury
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
Research Studies

Topic of Review: The current study sought to review the state of existing knowledge on rural maltreatment. Method of Review: We conducted a scoping literature review to answer two research questions: (1) Is maltreatment higher in rural areas compared to urban areas? and 2) Are there unique correlates of maltreatment in rural areas? Number of Research Studies Meeting the Criteria for Review: This review included studies that compared child maltreatment in rural and urban areas in the United States (9) and predictors of maltreatment in rural areas (7). Criteria for Inclusion: Studies that compared child maltreatment in rural and urban areas in the United States were included. For our second research question, related to understanding maltreatment in rural areas, we included those studies that exclusively examined rural areas, when maltreatment was the outcome variable. How Research Studies Were Identified: Studies were reviewed from relevant databases ( Annual Reviews, PsychINFO, PubMed, Web of Science) between 1975 and 2019. Major Findings: Findings were mixed on whether rates of maltreatment were higher or lower in rural areas. While five studies reported higher rates of maltreatment in rural areas, four reported higher rates in urban areas. Overall, child maltreatment rates tended to be higher in urban areas among people of color and higher in rural areas among White people. One study found that community economic factors were not related to maltreatment in a rural area, in stark contrast to robust findings from urban areas.

Roundabouts in the United States: An International Comparison of Illuminance Requirements and Costs

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110028
Author(s):  
Franklin E. Gbologah ◽  
Simon Berrebi ◽  
Angshuman Guin ◽  
Michael O. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Federal Guidelines ◽  
Illumination Models

United States federal guidelines recommend systematic illumination of roundabouts in both rural and urban areas. However, competing conventional intersections in rural areas can be kept unlit. Highway illumination is also a major contributor to intersection operating and maintenance costs. This paper reviews roundabout illumination policies from 44 countries to determine if systematic illumination is normal practice and if not, to identify the warranting conditions. In addition, this paper compares the illumination level requirements and implied costs for three reference U.S. rural roundabouts with their equivalents from 15 selected countries. Professional lighting design software, DIALux®, was used to build roundabout illumination models corresponding to the recommended illuminances in the study countries and the simulation outputs were converted into annual operating costs to facilitate the comparisons. The findings indicate that most countries (approximately 59%) do not require systematic illumination of roundabouts in rural areas. While a few countries (approximately 16%) do attempt to illuminate all roundabouts it is more common to find such a requirement in urban areas. The study also finds that the average minimum maintained illuminance is higher in the U.S.A. than in Europe and the United Kingdom. However, the U.S. tax payer pays significantly less than their counterparts in the other countries studied. These findings are significant because the desired proliferation of roundabouts in the U.S.A. would receive a significant boost if the U.S.A. were to adopt lower illuminance levels, a non-systematic illumination policy, or both, for rural roundabouts.

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