Geometric Considerations for Stereoscopic Virtual Environments

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry F. Hodges ◽  
Elizabeth Thorpe Davis
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Visual Direction ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Retinal Disparity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

We examine the relationship among the different geometries implicit in a stereoscopic virtual environment. In particular, we examine in detail the relationship of retinal disparity, fixation point, binocular visual direction, and screen parallax. We introduce the concept of a volumetric spatial unit called a stereoscopic voxel. Due to the shape of stereoscopic voxels, apparent depth of points in space may be affected by their horizontal placement.

The Relationship of The Penny Beliefs Weapons Scale to Robotic Peacekeeper Compliance and Trust

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1580-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole D. Karpinsky ◽  
Shelby K. Long ◽  
James P. Bliss
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Tasks ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

Military personnel have focused their efforts on delegating dangerous duties to robots and other automated devices. Such duties include complex tasks such as peacekeeping. The current study explores the use of robotic peacekeepers across different cultures wielding non-lethal weapons (NLWs) in a virtual environment. We predicted that weapon acceptability would differ as a function of culture, compliance rate, and citizenship (native vs. expatriate). Results showed that participants complied significantly more often when the robotic peacekeeper requested an item that was not a weapon than when the item itself was a weapon. Further, Chinese and Americans reported highest weapons approval. Implications for future research are discussed.

Relationships between Head-Shoulder Divergences and Sickness in a Virtual Environment

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (21) ◽  
pp. 1471-1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Ehrlich ◽  
Michael J. Singer ◽  
Robert C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
The Relationship

Sickness is often experienced during exposure to virtual environments (VEs). Optical flow patterns may influence this VE sickness. We investigated the relationship between VE sickness and head-shoulder divergence angles while moving through a VE. The VE experience induced some level of VE sickness in all participants. Those not completing the study evidenced significantly more severe VE sickness symptoms than those completing it did. No relationships between head-shoulder divergence and sickness were revealed for experimental dropouts. However, significant correlations were found between several sickness measures and head-shoulder divergences for those completing the study. An interaction between head-shoulder divergence and time on task may exist.

Considering multiscale scenes to elucidate problems encumbering three-dimensional intellection and navigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Glueck ◽  
Azam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Iterative Refinement ◽  
Abstract Model ◽  
Interaction Techniques ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Geometrically Complex ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractVirtual three-dimensional (3-D) environments have become pervasive tools in a number of professional and recreational tasks. However, interacting with these environments can be challenging for users, especially as these environments increase in complexity and scale. In this paper, we argue that the design of 3-D interaction techniques is an ill-defined problem. This claim is elucidated through the context of data-rich and geometrically complex multiscale virtual 3-D environments, where unexpected factors can encumber intellection and navigation. We develop an abstract model to guide our discussion, which illustrates the cyclic relationship of understanding and navigating; a relationship that supports the iterative refinement of a consistent mental representation of the virtual environment. Finally, we highlight strategies to support the design of interactions in multiscale virtual environments, and propose general categories of research focus.

A changing environment: the virtual world meets the physical world

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-306
Author(s):  
William Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Physical World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

With the coming of computers and the Internet, the relationship of the physical and virtual worlds has shifted. Virtual environments will not replace physical ones, but the nature, location, and function of the latter will change, creating both challenges and opportunities for architects.

scholarly journals Relação das Tarefas Pedagógicas Interativas com os Traços de Personalidade dos Professores Atuantes na Educação a Distância

EAD em FOCO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Maia Bokums ◽  
Jusselma Ferreira Maia
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Education Model ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

O conhecimento das características individuais tem grande importância no processo de ensino. Dentre essas características, a personalidade dos professores que trabalham com a Educação a Distância (EaD) é um fator que pode interferir na qualidade desse processo. Os objetivos do estudo foram analisar os traços de personalidade dos professores atuantes na Educação a Distância; verificar a relação das tarefas e funções exigidas com as características individuais e verificar como os professores se veem quanto à sua personalidade e a sua relação no desempenho das diferentes tarefas pedagógicas nos ambientes virtuais. Seis professores responderam a dois questionários: o primeiro para definir o seu traço de personalidade; o segundo, para verificar a relação da personalidade com as tarefas pedagógicas interativas. Os resultados indicaram que os professores extrovertidos optaram por tarefas com maiores demandas sociais e professores introvertidos apresentaram maiores pontuações em tarefas com demandas cognitivas. Além disso, a maioria dos professores acredita que suas características individuais podem interferir no desempenho de suas atividades. Apesar das poucas diferenças significativas, pode-se concluir que o trabalho numa equipe de Educação a Distância pode ser melhorado por meio do conhecimento dos traços de personalidade de cada professor, com tarefas sendo realizadas de acordo com suas características.Palavras-chave: Extroversão, Introversão, Personalidade, Educação a Distância. The Relation of Interactive Educational tasks with the Personality Traits of Teachers Working with Distance EducationAbstract The knowledge of individual characteristics is very important in the teaching process. Among these characteristics, the personality of teachers working with Distance Education (DE) is a factor that can affect the quality of this process. The purposes of this study were to analyze the personality traits of teachers working with Distance Education; verify the relation of tasks and functions required by this education model with the individual characteristics and examine how teachers see themselves as your personality and your relationship in the performance of different educational tasks in virtual environments. Six teachers answered two questionnaires: the first to check the personality trait; the second, to verify the relationship of personality to the interactive educational tasks. The results indicated that extrovert teachers chose jobs with greater social demands, and introvert teachers had higher scores on tasks with cognitive demands. Moreover, most teachers believe that their individual characteristics may interfere with the performance of theirs activities. Despite the few significant differences, it can be concluded that the work in a Distance Education team can be improved through knowledge of the personality traits of each teacher, with tasks being performing according to their main features.Keywords: Extroversion, Introversion, Personality, Distance Education.  

Perception of Depth in Rotating Objects: 7. Influence of Attributes of Depth on Stereokinetic Percepts

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1179-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy B. Mefferd
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Information Processing ◽  
Anchor Point ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The effects of a number of factors that influence apparent depth on the fluctuation rates of three visual information processing mechanisms were examined, viz., the near-far, one object-multiple object, and anchor point mechanisms. The factors tested were overlay, brightness, shadows, texture, asymmetry, speed, and differential brightness, size and speed within the stimulus, and viewing time. Any increase in apparent depth tended to stabilize all three mechanisms. However, each was shown to occur independent of the others, and each could be selectively inhibited by at least one condition. The relationship of apparent slant and velocity was discussed.

The Binding Problem in Presence Research

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Harvey ◽  
Maria V. Sanchez-Vives
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Binding Problem ◽  
The Real ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Standing Problem

An important contributor to the feeling of being present is the unity of one's perceptual experience. That is, the constellation of sensorial cues in a virtual environment must be in accord with some basic rules which, in the real world, govern the relationship between sensory events. A similar and long standing problem in neuroscience is how is it that the temporally and spatially segregated activity in neuronal ensembles is reassembled in order to generate a seamless conscious experience. This issue, which was first addressed by the Gestalt psychologists, is commonly referred to as the binding problem. In this paper we will discuss how the problem of binding is related to the problem of presence, and how the study of the neurophysiological substrates subserving this process may lead to an understanding of contextual relationships critical to generating presence in virtual environments.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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