scholarly journals “The Grace of God and Virtue of Obedience”: The Archaeology of Slavery and the Jesuit Hacienda Systems of Nasca, Peru, 1619–1767

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-453
Author(s):  
Brendan J. M. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Colonial Peru

Abstract Multi-scalar archaeological exploration offers new insights for understanding Jesuit estate systems and the slavery they depended on for agroindustrial production. Since 2009, ethnohistorical and archaeological research on two haciendas, San Joseph and San Francisco Xavier de la Nasca, in south coastal Peru’s Ingenio Valley, has illuminated the Jesuit institutions of slavery and the hacienda in colonial Peru. Belonging to two distinct Jesuit institutions, the estates supported schools in Cuzco and Lima, respectively. Since acquiring their first properties in Nasca in 1619, both colleges grew their haciendas by absorbing neighboring fields and noncontiguous lands throughout the region, becoming the largest, most profitable vineyards in the viceroyalty by the time of the expulsion of the Society of Jesus from the Spanish empire in 1767. Both hacienda administrations took similar approaches to property management and the large enslaved population that worked them, negotiating the cosmopolitanism of the communities and balancing obligations for evangelization and Christian discipline with the demands for agroindustrial production.

Jesuits by the Golden Gate: The Society of Jesus in San Francisco, 1849-1969

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Doyce B. Nunis ◽  
John Bernard McGloin
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Golden Gate

Indian Colonial Actors in the Lawmaking of the Spanish Empire in Peru

Ethnohistory ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcira Dueñas
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Legal History ◽  
New World ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Colonial Peru ◽  
Legal Activism ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Everyday Interaction ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe foundations of the “Republic of the Indians” in the New World rested on a legal substratum that took more solid shape in the everyday interaction between indigenous subjects and the Spanish courts. Grounded in the local cabildos of some pueblos de indios in cosmopolitan areas of late colonial Peru, a higher level of legal activism that emerged was engaged in the production of laws seeking to modify well-established imperial practices of protección originally intended to assist Indian cases in courts. This essay reconstructs the genealogy of the process of law formation based on a crucial legal campaign led by Indian leaders of El Cercado in 1735 Lima aimed at substituting Spanish protectores de naturales for indigenous ones. The long-awaited legal victory of El Cercado’s native authorities demonstrates that the “República de indios” was shaped legally from below, instead of being overdetermined by the laws emanating from Madrid or the audiencias. Strategizing for the production of a real cédula, the cabildo leaders also manipulated imperial legal history and its rhetoric of “protección” as well as operated within social networks of Indians and other allies on both sides of the Atlantic and regionally in Peru.

scholarly journals As Slaves and Not Vassals: Interethnic Claims of Freedom and Unfreedom in Colonial Peru

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
Karen Graubart ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Colonial Peru

Across much of the Spanish empire in the Americas, indigenous and African-descent peoples lived in close contact. The entangled nature of labor, both in urban centers and on massive complexes, gave them the opportunity to measure themselves against one another. Law that developed across the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries suggested an eventual clarity about their separate conditions, but experience revealed the muddiness of both definitions and enforcement. Indigenous and Black subjects used those colonial discourses about freedom and hierarchy to understand their own positions and to argue for comparable protections and privileges. Rather than consider indigenous and Black lives separately, the essay argues for a more integrative approach to reading legal documents produced by and about them.

scholarly journals MATERIAL ENCOUNTERS: KNOTTING CULTURES IN EARLY MODERN PERU AND SPAIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-615
Author(s):  
STEFAN HANß
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Early Modern Spain ◽  
Material World ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Colonial Peru ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Material Evidence

AbstractThis article discusses the early modern nexus between feather-work and textiles with a focus on Spanish Peru. Whilst Peruvian feather-work has been defined as pre-Columbian, this article presents new textual, visual, and material evidence that shows its significance in the material culture of colonial Peru, which serves to initiate a broader debate on the dynamics of cultural encounters in the Ibero-American world. I chart the development of craft cultures beyond the moment of the Spanish conquest of the Americas by discussing Peruvian practices of feather manufacturing in relation to the production and usage of textiles in early modern Spain. This approach, I argue, will enable a reconsideration of the dynamics of the Spanish Empire, whose centres and peripheries were linked through circulating objects that constituted a shared material world. In the particular case of feather-work, this was a world that jointly valued the aesthetics of knots and the intricacy of knotting.

Jesuit Contributions to the Ideology of Spanish Empire in Mexico

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-470
Author(s):  
Peggy K. Liss
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Religious Order ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
The Needy

Jesuits arrived in Mexico in 1572. They had come from a Spain unified by an imperial ideology—its prime components a single faith, shared cultural values and traditions, and belief in a royal mystique—allowing, indeed encouraging, expansion of the monarchy overseas. Spanish Jesuits, some of whom articulated adherence to this ideology, by 1580 had established their religious order among the most respected corporations in Mexican society. Through preaching, ministering to the needy, and missionary work, but above all through gaining a near monopoly on secondary education in New Spain, members of the Society of Jesus achieved a position of prestige and influence within all strata of society. In order to understand, therefore, how Jesuits contributed to the maintenance of Mexican ties to Spanish empire, it is first necessary to get some idea of the nature of their system of education, its curriculum, teaching methods, and aims in New Spain.

Ultrastructural Localization of Antigens by Capillary Action Immunocytochemistry

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
László G. Kömüves
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Capillary Action ◽  
Rabbit Igg

Light microscopic immunohistochemistry based on the principle of capillary action staining is a widely used method to localize antigens. Capillary action immunostaining, however, has not been tested or applied to detect antigens at the ultrastructural level. The aim of this work was to establish a capillary action staining method for localization of intracellular antigens, using colloidal gold probes.Post-embedding capillary action immunocytochemistry was used to detect maternal IgG in the small intestine of newborn suckling piglets. Pieces of the jejunum of newborn piglets suckled for 12 h were fixed and embedded into LR White resin. Sections on nickel grids were secured on a capillary action glass slide (100 μm wide capillary gap, Bio-Tek Solutions, Santa Barbara CA, distributed by CMS, Houston, TX) by double sided adhesive tape. Immunolabeling was performed by applying reagents over the grids using capillary action and removing reagents by blotting on filter paper. Reagents for capillary action staining were from Biomeda (Foster City, CA). The following steps were performed: 1) wet the surface of the sections with automation buffer twice, 5 min each; 2) block non-specific binding sites with tissue conditioner, 10 min; 3) apply first antibody (affinity-purified rabbit anti-porcine IgG, Sigma Chem. Co., St. Louis, MO), diluted in probe diluent, 1 hour; 4) wash with automation buffer three times, 5 min each; 5) apply gold probe (goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to 10 nm colloidal gold, Zymed Laboratories, South San Francisco, CA) diluted in probe diluent, 30 min; 6) wash with automation buffer three times, 5 min each; 7) post-fix with 5% glutaraldehyde in PBS for 10 min; 8) wash with PBS twice, 5 min each; 9) contrast with 1% OSO4 in PBS for 15 min; 10) wash with PBS followed by distilled water for5 min each; 11) stain with 2% uranyl acetate for 10 min; 12) stain with lead citrate for 2 min; 13) wash with distilled water three times, 1 min each. The glass slides were separated, and the grids were air-dried, then removed from the adhesive tape. The following controls were used to ensure the specificity of labeling: i) omission of the first antibody; ii) normal rabbit IgG in lieu of first antibody; iii) rabbit anti-porcine IgG absorbed with porcine IgG.

Game Changer

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lateef McLeod
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Technology Tools ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Game Changer

Abstract Individuals with significant communication challenges need to communicate across many different venues. The author, from the perspective of an individual who uses AAC, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of both traditional AAC technologies and new mobile AAC technologies. He describes how access to AAC has allowed him to fulfill his dreams as a presenter and writer. He successfully manages a blog in San Francisco, writes grants, and has published his first book of poetry. Not one AAC device fits all of his communication needs; however, access to mobile technology tools has increased his flexibility across environments and given him another successful tool for communication.

126: Nephrectomy for Traumatic Renal Injuries: 26 Year Experience at San Francisco General Hospital

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 34-34
Author(s):  
Viraj A. Master ◽  
Jennifer Young ◽  
Jack W. McAninch
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Renal Injuries
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