scholarly journals Legacies of Slavery and Popular Traditions of Freedom in Southern Senegal (1860–1960)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 72-99
Author(s):  
Alice Bellagamba
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Economic Well Being

This study examines the historical linkages that developed between experiences of enslavement, the legacies of slavery, and ideas of freedom before and after abolition in the early twentieth century in an area of southern Senegal known today as the Kolda region. In the Fulfulde language, spoken by the majority of the population, there are several terms and expressions to talk about freedom. The first is ndimaaku, which people tend to equate with nobility and dignity. This is the freedom of the olden days of slavery, when the capacities and qualities of the male or female freeborn stood in stark contrast to those of the slave, and being free meant not having been a slave in the first place. The second term is heɓtaare, i.e., freedom in the sense of tranquility, economic well-being, and a general ease in life and social relations. The expression jeyaal-hoore mun conveys a sense of independence, self-mastery and autonomy, while heɓtugol hoore mun literally means to retrieve one’s head, the center of individual thought and capacity for independent action. Politically, heɓtugol hoore mun stands for the end of colonial rule and the achievement of national independence. Socially, it refers to the emancipation of subordinated groups, like the youth and women, and it describes slaves who freed themselves from their masters. Drawing from archival sources and oral history, this essay attempts to reconstruct the discursive reconfigurations of local ideas of freedom within the context of the political and social changes that affected the Kolda region in the late nineteenth century, the early colonial period, and the years before decolonization. Each historical period had its own actors, dynamics and complexities in which slavery and then legacies of slavery played a role in the definition of freedom and the entitlement of people to its benefits. As demonstrated here, however, liberation paved the way for other forms of subjugation.

Vietnamese Weddings

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuc-Doan T. Nguyen ◽  
Russell Belk
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
And Gender

This article examines the historical role of marriage and wedding rituals in Vietnam, and how they have changed during Vietnam’s transition to the market. The authors focus on how changes reflect the society’s increasing dependence on the market, how this dependence impacts consumer well-being, and the resulting implications for public policy. Changes in the meanings, function, and structure of wedding ritual consumption are examined. These changes echo shifts in the national economy, social values, social relations, and gender roles in Vietnamese society during the transition. The major findings show that Vietnamese weddings are reflections of (1) the roles of wedding rituals as both antecedents and outcomes of social changes, (2) the nation’s perception and imagination of its condition relative to “modernity,” and (3) the role of China as a threatening “other” seen as impeding Vietnam’s progress toward “modernization.”

Using ICT to Resolve the Modernization Paradox for Rural Communities in Africa

2010 ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Dawn Hinton ◽  
Joseph Ofori-Dankwa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
Economic Well Being

Rural communities are being heavily influenced by the ongoing modernization process taking place in all African economies and nations. Theoretically the modernization process is intended to help lead to an increase in the economic well being of the citizenry. However, one of the unanticipated outcomes of continuing urbanization and modernization, particularly for rural communities would be the loss of local social relations within such communities. This is similar to what happened in the Western context, where modernization, in the form of industrialization resulted in the loss of social relationships and increasing sense of alienation as cities formed. There is therefore a very real fear that in the African context, the ensuing modernization will result in a paradox where modernization may lead to an increase in economic well-being, but have the unintended consequence of increasing alienation and reducing the sense of community that exists in rural villages. The purpose of this chapter is two-fold. First, the authors theoretically explore the possibility of using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to develop a sense of community in rural villages and thus offset and mitigate the more negative aspects of the modernization process. Second, they propose a way to conceptualize this potential paradox by integrating the well established sociological concepts of Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (individualism) with current paradox models of diversity and similarity curves. Such an approach has pedagogical utility in helping to describe and explain the modern paradox confronted by most of the African countries.

Left Liberalism and Race in the Evolution of Colombian Popular National Identity

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Green
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
World Market ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Central State ◽  
Provincial Capital ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

Though a nation of discordant regionalism and historically weak central institutions, Colombia can paradoxically claim strong currents of popular national identity. It is well known that long centuries of relative economic isolation, coupled with Colombia's largely subsistence internal economy and torturous topography, provided few opportunities to integrate the nation's different regions. Such conditions resulted in fractured regional identities and racial compositions. What few links to the world market Colombia enjoyed before the late nineteenth century came from the mining of gold, with short episodes of tobacco and quinine exportation. Only in the 1880s and later did coffee production finally reorient the nation's economy and introduce new questions of land tenure and social relations. Colombia's fiercely partisan political system evolved during the nineteenth century, therefore, when the country was still overwhelmingly rural, inward-looking, and little more than a collection of semi-autonomous regions. Keith Christie noted that before the 1950s, regionalism was so strong that “Bogotá was essentially just another provincial capital.” As a consequence, the national army in the nineteenth century seldom proved more powerful than the many rebel armies it faced. Indeed, according to the basic Weberian definition of the “state” as the entity that controls a monopoly on the legitimate use of force, and evidenced by the fact that the national government still does not control large portions of the country's territory, Colombia's central state structures continue to be glaringly weak at the end of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Student Well-being: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Farah Aulia ◽  
Thomas Dicky Hastjarjo ◽  
Diana Setiyawati ◽  
Bhina Patria
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
School Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Satisfaction ◽  
School Evaluation ◽  
Definition Of

Research on well-being in adults has developed quite rapidly in recent years, but not on research in child well-being particularly within school context. This article aimed to review: (a) the definition of student well-being and b) measurement of student well-being. The review involved articles published in 2007-2017. The conclusions of this literature review are (a) the definitions used to explain student well-being are based on several approaches, namely mental health, hedonistic and eudaimonic, (b) several aspects that construct the student well-being at school namely dominant positive emotions, school satisfaction, negative emotions, social relations and engagement to school. These findings can provide recommendations for measurement construction and school evaluation related to student well-being.

scholarly journals LENDING RIGHT AND INSOLVENCY ESTATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-129
Author(s):  
S. S. Galkin
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Relevant Factors ◽  
Economic Well Being

The article analyzes the practical aspects of inclusion the lending right into the insolvency estate. Based on the analysis of existing legal regulations and judicial practice of their application, there are existing restrictions on the inclusion of lending rights in the insolvency state. These restrictions are analysed from a balance of interests of the owner, the debtor and his creditors, as well as the correct distribution of economic costs while providing priority protection to each of these entities. Based on the concept of flexible legal regulation, the author formulates possible approaches (de lege ferenda and de lege lata) to solving this problem. The article focuses on the definition of the elements of the theoretical concept of a flexible system of protecting rights in insolvency. This concept includes, for example, the following aspects: firstly, the need to relativize those absolute defenses that can directly negatively affect the general economic well-being (In this case, the insolvency estate), secondly, the enforcement search for the scope of the protection provided should be carried out by judicial weighing and procedural assessment of various relevant factors, as well as the corresponding gradation of legal consequences, which should be identified by legislator or superior court.

Accounting for the Spread of Quechua and Aymara between Cuzco and Lake Titicaca

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
BILL SILLAR
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Lake Titicaca ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
The Social ◽  
Titicaca Basin

This chapter explores broad social changes that may account for how Quechua and Aymara entered the Lake Titicaca and Cuzco regions so that they eventually replaced all other native languages. It starts with a brief overview of the topography and ecology of the area that provides the landscape upon which people developed their subsistence base and over which they moved. It then reviews what is known about the distribution of Aymara, Quechua, and Puquina in the region at the start of the colonial period. Based on this, the chapter presents a broad overview of the archaeological evidence for social development and change from the Formative to the early colonial period, in order to consider the social processes that led to the pattern of language use encountered by the Spanish. It is argued that the scale of social change wrought by the Wari Empire in the Vilcanota Valley is commensurate with the introduction and uptake of a new language, which is most likely to have been Quechua. But documentary evidence suggests the llama herders of the Lupaca, Canas, and Collagua were well-established Aymara speakers by the time of the earliest Spanish records. The social processes surrounding llama herding must be considered to account for the spread of Aymara into the Titicaca Basin.

The Banamba slave exodus of 1905 and the decline of slavery in the Western Sudan

1980 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Roberts ◽  
Martin A. Klein
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
French West Africa ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Focal Event ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Major Factors

One of the most important changes to take place during the early colonial period was the transformation from slave labour to free labour. In French West Africa this resulted not from a policy decision by the French administration but from the massive departure of slaves in those societies most reliant on slave labour. The focal event was an exodus from Banamba, a Maraka town which had been a major centre both of the slave trade and of the exploitation of slave labour. During the period before the Banamba exodus, tensions were building up within various slave societies, tensions that reflected themselves in a gradual filtering away of slaves and in occasional slave revolts. The French were generally afraid to deal with these tensions and limited themselves to stopping the slave trade while reinforcing allied élites, most of whom were slave owners. There were three major factors in the exodus:(1) Massive enslavement during the late nineteenth century created large reservoirs of slaves who were homogeneous and remembered a free state.(2) The closing-off of recruitment pushed slave-owners to exploit slave labour more systematically.(3) With the end of warfare and the opening of new opportunities in the cities and in the Senegambian peanut fields, slaves had increasing opportunities to go elsewhere.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF DEMOGRAPHIC RISKS FOR THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF SIBERIA IN THE CONTEXT OF A "CORONACRISIS"

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Anna A. Korableva ◽  
Roman I. Chupin ◽  
Maria S. Kharlamova
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Tension Level ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Economic Well Being

The article analyzes the demographic risks of ensuring the social and demographic security of Siberia in the context of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The destabilization of the economic situation due to restrictive measures to prevent the further spread of the virus can lead to a significant reduction in the level of economic well-being of households, as well as to a regression of expectations regarding future development. The hypothesis suggests that in these conditions Russia will not get out of the “demographic trap” due to the increasing influence of demographic risks. The study proposes a synthetic definition of demographic risks, which allows assessing the probability of demographic events that affect the demographic situation tension level (danger). Thus, a quantitative assessment of demographic risks for Siberia was made using the Monte Carlo method.

scholarly journals Subjective social well-being of employees with different socioeconomic statuses

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Blynova O.Ye. ◽  
Kruhlov K.O.
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Social Visibility ◽  
Economic Anxiety ◽  
High Level ◽  
Economic Well Being

Thepurposeof the research is to specify differences in the subjective social well-being of an organization’s employees with different socioeconomic statuses. The following methodshave been used to conduct the empirical research (n=38): theoretical analysis and generalization of scholarly views of the problem; empirical methods: “Questionnaire of Subjective Social Well-Being” (T.V. Danylchenko); “Questionnaire of Subjective Economic Well-Being” (V.O. Khashchenko); the methods of statistical analysis: correlation analysis; F-test. Results.The authors have established statistically significant correlations between the criteria of subjective social well-being and subjective economic well-being, namely, between the scales “Social visibil-ity”, “Social remoteness” and the indices of economic optimism, economic anxiety, and financial deprivation. It has been confirmed the statistical interdependence between the scales “Emotional acceptance” and “Family well-being index”. The research has determined differences between employees’ groups, which were divided according to socioeconomic status (managers and “performers”), on the following scales: “Social visibility”, “Positive social perceptions”, and “Economic optimism index”. Conclusions.The employees with higher socioeconomic status recognize their influence, the capability to settle problems, the availability of social ties, financial, economic, material, and social resources due to which they are confident when coping with stressful situations, have a positive economic expectation, a high level of efficient social functioning. The employees with low socioeconomic status are mainly characterized by unsatisfactory emotional and social relations, a failure to actively influence their social environment; they feel economic anxiety about their finances and the future.Keywords: social status, employees of organization, economic well-being, subjective economic well-being, mental well-being.

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