The Augment in the Fragments of the Epic Cycle and Other Fragmentary Greek Epic

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-134
Author(s):  
Filip De Decker
Keyword(s):  
Homeric Hymns ◽  
First Category ◽  
New Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Greek Epic ◽  
Mock Epic ◽  
Previous Scholarship

Abstract I discuss the use of the augment in fragmentary hexametric Greek texts outside of early epic Greek (Homer, Hesiod, and the Homeric Hymns) and the mock-epic works (such as the Batrakhomyomakhia). I quote them after West 2003 but also analyze fragments that are not found in West. I determine the metrically secure forms, discuss previous scholarship on the meaning of the augment in epic Greek, and then proceed to the actual analysis. For my investigation, I divide the fragments in three categories: first, those that can be analyzed; second, those that have fewer forms and that allow for an analysis but require more caution than those of the first category; and third, the ones that have no or not enough metrically secure forms but are still intellegible. The starting point for my investigation is that the augment had near-deictic/visual-evidential meaning and that it was used in focused and highlighted passages as well as to emphasize new information. This is confirmed by the fragments, but as was the case in the larger epic corpus, there are exceptions to the rules in the Cycle as well.

scholarly journals New Pyridone-Based Derivatives as Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Agonists

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11212
Author(s):  
Manuel Faúndez-Parraguez ◽  
Carlos Alarcón-Miranda ◽  
Young Hwa Cho ◽  
Hernán Pessoa-Mahana ◽  
Carlos Gallardo-Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
New Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

The activation of the human cannabinoid receptor type II (CB2R) is known to mediate analgesic and anti-inflammatory processes without the central adverse effects related to cannabinoid receptor type I (CB1R). In this work we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of N-aryl-2-pyridone-3-carboxamide derivatives tested as human cannabinoid receptor type II (CB2R) agonists. Different cycloalkanes linked to the N-aryl pyridone by an amide group displayed CB2R agonist activity as determined by intracellular [cAMP] levels. The most promising compound 8d exhibited a non-toxic profile and similar potency (EC50 = 112 nM) to endogenous agonists Anandamide (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) providing new information for the development of small molecules activating CB2R. Molecular docking studies showed a binding pose consistent with two structurally different agonists WIN-55212-2 and AM12033 and suggested structural requirements on the pyridone substituents that can satisfy the orthosteric pocket and induce an agonist response. Our results provide additional evidence to support the 2-pyridone ring as a suitable scaffold for the design of CB2R agonists and represent a starting point for further optimization and development of novel compounds for the treatment of pain and inflammation.

scholarly journals ExTaxsI: an exploration tool of biodiversity molecular data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Agostinetto ◽  
Anna Sandionigi ◽  
Adam Chahed ◽  
Alberto Brusati ◽  
Elena Parladori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Biodiversity Data ◽  
Related Information ◽  
New Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
New Research

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing availability of multi omics data is leading to continually revise estimates of existing biodiversity data. In particular, the molecular data enable to characterize novel species yet unknown and to increase the information linked to those already observed with new genomic data. For this reason, the management and visualization of existing molecular data, and their related metadata, through the implementation of easy to use IT tools have become a key point for the development of future research. The more users are able to access biodiversity related information, the greater the ability of the scientific community to expand the knowledge in this area.ResultsIn our research we have focused on the development of ExTaxsI (Exploring Taxonomies Information), an IT tool able to retrieve biodiversity data stored in NCBI databases and provide a simple and explorable visualization. Through the three case studies presented here, we have shown how an efficient organization of the data already present can lead to obtaining new information that is fundamental as a starting point for new research. Our approach was also able to highlight the limits in the distribution data availability, a key factor to consider in the experimental design phase of broad spectrum studies, such as metagenomics.ConclusionsExTaxI can easily produce explorable visualization of molecular data and its metadata, with the aim to help researchers to improve experimental designs and highlight the main gaps in the coverage of available data.

scholarly journals Improving best practice for patients receiving hospital discharge letters: a realist review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e027588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Weetman ◽  
Geoff Wong ◽  
Emma Scott ◽  
Eilidh MacKenzie ◽  
Stephanie Schnurr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Realist Review ◽  
Patient Choice ◽  
Programme Theory ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
New Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Outpatient Settings

ObjectiveTo understand how different outcomes are achieved from adult patients receiving hospital discharge letters from inpatient and outpatient settings.DesignRealist review conducted in six main steps: (1) development of initial theory, (2) searching, (3) screening and selection, (4) data extraction and analysis, (5) data synthesis and (6) programme theory (PT) refinement.Eligibility criteriaDocuments reporting evidence that met criteria for relevance to the PT. Documents relating solely to mental health or children aged <18 years were excluded.AnalysisData were extracted and analysed using a realist logic of analysis. Texts were coded for concepts relating to context, mechanism, outcome configurations (CMOCs) for the intervention of patients receiving discharge letters. All outcomes were considered. Based on evidence and our judgement, CMOCs were labelled ‘positive’ or ‘negative’ in order to clearly distinguish between contexts where the intervention does and does not work.Results3113 documents were screened and 103 were included. Stakeholders contributed to refining the PT in step 6. The final PT included 48 CMOCs for how outcomes are affected by patients receiving discharge letters. ‘Patient choice’ emerged as a key influencer to the success (or not) of the intervention. Important contexts were identified for both ‘positive’ CMOCs (eg, no new information in letter) and ‘negative’ CMOCs (eg, letter sent without verifying patient contact details). Two key findings were that patient understanding is possibly greater than clinicians perceive, and that patients tend to express strong preference for receiving letters. Clinician concerns emerged as a barrier to wider sharing of discharge letters with patients, which may need to be addressed through organisational policies and direction.ConclusionsThis review forms a starting point for explaining outcomes associated with whether or not patients receive discharge letters. It suggests several ways in which current processes might be modified to support improved practice and patient experience.

Neolithic Painted Ware in the Adriatic

Antiquity ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 40 (158) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warwick Bray
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
South Italy ◽  
New Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Local Sequence ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Molise Region ◽  
Neolithic Cultures ◽  
Classic Paper

The neolithic pottery of peninsular Italy is known in England chiefly through Stevenson's classic paper of 1947 which established the sequence of styles in Apulia, and the Sicilian material through the work of Bernabò Brea [I]. Neither of these studies paid much attention to the Abruzzo-Molise region where Rellini had published material from Ripoli as long ago as 1934 [2] and where more recent work by Radmilli and his associates has provided new information about the local neolithic cultures. Excavations along the Adriatic coast of Yugoslavia have led to the definition of the new cultures of Hvar and Danilo, and three painted ware provinces can now be recognized: ApuIia-Sicily, the Abruzzo, and Dalmatia. All three regions border the Adriatic and each was at some time in contact with the others (FIG. I).The best starting-point is still south Italy where the sequence from impressed ware, through red-paintedfasce largheplus scratched, to black-bordered red bands (Capri) and finally Serra d'Alto remains valid, except in the region of Foggia where Trump has established a rather different local sequence [3].

scholarly journals Toward a new information infrastructure in health technology assessment: Communication, design, process, and results

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (S2) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Allgurin Neikter ◽  
Nina Rehnqvist ◽  
Måns Rosén ◽  
Helena Dahlgren
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
New Information ◽  
Starting Point

Objectives: The aim of this study was to facilitate effective internal and external communication of an international network and to explore how to support communication and work processes in health technology assessment (HTA).Structure and Methods: European network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) connected sixty-four HTA Partner organizations from thirty-three countries. User needs in the different steps of the HTA process were the starting point for developing an information system. A step-wise, interdisciplinary, creative approach was used in developing practical tools.Results: An Information Platform facilitated the exchange of scientific information between Partners and with external target groups. More than 200 virtual meetings were set up during the project using an e-meeting tool. A Clearinghouse prototype was developed with the intent to offering a single point of access to HTA relevant information. This evolved into a next step not planned from the outset: Developing a running HTA Information System including several Web-based tools to support communication and daily HTA processes. A communication strategy guided the communication effort, focusing on practical tools, creating added value, involving stakeholders, and avoiding duplication of effort.Conclusions: Modern technology enables a new information infrastructure for HTA. The potential of information and communication technology was used as a strategic tool. Several target groups were represented among the Partners, which supported collaboration and made it easier to identify user needs. A distinctive visual identity made it easier to gain and maintain visibility on a limited budget.

REAL TIME UPDATING OF RISK ASSESSMENTS DURING A DRILLING OPERATION — ALTERNATIVE BAYESIAN APPROACHES

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
MALENE SANDØY ◽  
TERJE AVEN
Keyword(s):  
Probability Model ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
New Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Drilling Operations ◽  
Formation Pore Pressure ◽  
Updating Procedure ◽  
Operation Risk

Risk analyses of drilling operations performed in the planning phase of wells often fail to meet their objectives as decision support tools as they become outdated when more information is made available during the drilling operation. To ensure that drilling operation risk analyses at all times reflect the available knowledge and that decisions are made on a sufficiently strong basis, the risk analyses should be updated as valuable information reducing the uncertainty about important quantities is acquired during the drilling operation. Such updating requires procedures that automatically update uncertainty assessments as new information arrives. In this paper we present an updating procedure for assessments of the formation pore pressure in a reservoir, within a Bayesian context. We show that the problem can be solved by different Bayesian approaches, generated by introducing or not introducing an underlying probability model. Our recommended approach is based on assessment of uncertainties about quantities that can be given a physical interpretation. The drilling operation is the starting point for the paper, but the discussion is to large extent general and applies to other areas as well.

scholarly journals Histórias de Homero: um Balanço das Propostas de Datação dos Poemas Homéricos * Homer’s Histories: a Balance of the Dating Proposals of Homeric Poems

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Greek Epic

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> A datação dos poemas homéricos é um assunto polêmico e repleto de dificuldades. Mesmo diante de tal cenário, sua utilização como fonte histórica tem ocorrido, em geral sem maiores considerações acerca da dificuldade de resolver problemas centrais para a maneira de como os poemas são contextualizados. O presente estudo tem como objetivo fazer um levantamento das possibilidades de abordagens históricas destes poemas, apontando as particularidades, os pressupostos e problemas relacionados a cada uma. Por fim é apresentada uma sugestão alternativa de abordagem, que toma como ponto de partida a datação da tradição da qual os poemas fazem parte, encarando-os como testemunhos válidos desta tradição de longa duração oral.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Sociedade Homérica – Épica Grega – Tradição Oral.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Dating the Homeric poems is a polemic subject, filled with difficulties. Even so, the poems have been used as historical sources, generally without any significant remarks about the difficulty in solving main problems in how the poems are put into context. The focus of this paper is to trace the possibilities of historical approaches which use the Homeric poems as sources and pointing out the particularities, the assumption and the problems presented in each type of approach. At last, it is suggested an alternative approach which has, as the starting point, the dating of  the tradition to which the poems belong, considering them valid testimonies of such a long-lasting oral tradition.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Homeric Society – Greek Epic – Oral Tradition.</p>

‘A patient act of adjustment’: Subjectivisation, adjectives and Jane Austen

2021 ◽  
pp. 096394702110232
Author(s):  
Victorina González-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistic ◽  
Jane Austen ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Word Senses ◽  
Previous Scholarship ◽  
Character Types

Previous scholarship on Jane Austen has often commented on the moral overtones of her lexical choices; more specifically, the fact that “incorrect” lexical innovations and fashionable words (i.e. new usages) tend to be deployed as part of the idiolect of foolish, gullible or morally reprehensible characters. By contrast, ethically sound characters normally move within the limits of established (‘old’) usages and the “correct” Standard English repertoire. Taking the historical linguistic concept of subjectivisation as starting point, this case-study explores the use of two adjectives ( lovely and nice) in Austen’s novels. The article (a) demonstrates that a straightforward socio-moral classification of ‘old’ and ‘new’ word-senses in Austen’s fiction is not fully adequate and (b) advocates, in line with recent scholarship, a more nuanced approach to the study of her fictional vocabulary, where old and new senses of a word (in this case, lovely and nice) move across the idiolect of different character-types for ironic, character- and plot-building purposes.

MODELING OF ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR PROPERTIES OF PARTICIPANTS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROCESSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
M.M. NIZAMUTDINOV ◽  
◽  
V.V. ORESHNIKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Interacting Agents ◽  
New Information ◽  
Starting Point

The article deals with the issues of modeling socio-economic systems at the regional level. A promising direction in this area is the use of an agent-based approach based on taking into account the features and a certain autonomy of the behavior of interacting agents. Moreover, one of their key properties is the ability to adapt to changing conditions of functioning. Proceeding from this, in order to solve the problems of increasing the efficiency of developing strategic decisions, it is necessary to develop tools to support management decisions, which will be based on the use of an adaptive simulation model of the region. To do this, the article provides a brief overview of the types of agents depending on the methods of processing and using the information they perceive, an algorithm for the functioning of the agent within the framework of the simulation model is presented. It is shown that the information received by the agent can be of different nature. Separate characteristics of any objects, phenomena form a database. The collection of such information forms a precedent. A set of precedents form a rule base. The analysis showed that the adaptability of the agent's behavior is becoming an essential condition for the implementation of his goals. It should be noted that the agent acts in conditions of incomplete information, and his actions are largely described by the theory of bounded rationality. The structure of perceived information is shown and an approach to reflecting the adaptive properties of an agent through the learning subsystem is proposed. Its elements and implementation options are highlighted. From the point of view of reflecting the adaptive properties of the agent, obtaining new information leads to the replenishment of the database and the base of use cases. At the same time, within the framework of analytical activities, new information is compared with the expectations formed on the basis of previously available data and reflected in the agent's rule base. If the information received is contrary to the existing rules, then this becomes the starting point for their revision. Thus, the adaptation of the agent within the framework of the developed simulation model of the region is based on the adjustment of the rule base.

The Emotional Aspects of Political Persuasion

2019 ◽  
pp. 168-183
Author(s):  
Bethany Albertson ◽  
Lindsay Dun ◽  
Shana Kushner Gadarian
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Small Group Discussion ◽  
New Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
Political Persuasion

Political persuasion relies on emotion. Emotions grab people’s attention and can be a starting point for changing minds. Positive emotions tend to reinforce standing dispositions and encourage us to proceed as usual, but often politics and political science research involve negative emotions such as anxiety, anger, disgust, and shame. Where anxiety leads people to consider new information, most research suggests that anger does not facilitate this process of reconsideration and thus can make persuasion more difficult. Emotions like anger, shame, and enthusiasm all underlie the decision to participate in politics and can motivate voting while hatred can lead to support for violence. The chapter ends by considering how different research designs can uncover the effects of multiple, competing emotions, how emotions matter in small group discussion and how emotions color the acceptance of news.

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