scholarly journals Molecular evidence for deeper diversity in Australian Tanypodinae (Chironomidae): Yarrhpelopia and related new taxa

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4949 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
PETER S. CRANSTON ◽  
MATT KROSCH ◽  
ANDREW M. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Endemic Genera ◽  
Acidic Waters ◽  
Polluted Waters ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The diversity and endemism of Australian Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) has been unclear from morphological comparisons with well-grounded northern hemisphere taxonomy. As part of a comprehensive study, here we focus on one of the few described endemic genera, Yarrhpelopia Cranston. Extensive and intensive new sampling and newly-acquired molecular data provides clarity for the type species, Yarrhpelopia norrisi Cranston and allows recognition of congeners and potential sister group(s). We describe Yarrhpelopia acorona Cranston & Krosch sp. n., and we recognise a third species from Western Australia, retaining an informal code ‘V20’ due to inadequate reared / associated material for formal description. We recognise a robust clade Coronapelopia Cranston & Krosch gen. n., treated as a genus new to science for two new species, Coronapelopia valedon Cranston & Krosch sp. n. and Coronapelopia quadridentata Cranston & Krosch sp. n., from eastern Australia, each described in their larval and pupal stages and partial imaginal stages. Interleaved between the independent new Australian clades Yarrhpelopia and Coronapelopia are New World Pentaneura and relatives, that allow a tentative inference of a dated gondwanan (austral) connection. Expanded sampling indicates that Y. norrisi, although near predictably present in mine-polluted waters, is not obligate but generally indicates acidic waters, including natural swamps and Sphagnum bogs. The inferred acidophily, including in drainages of mine adits, applies to many taxa under consideration here. 

Phylogenetic Analysis of the New World Family Heterothripidae (Thysanoptera, Terebrantia) based on Morphological and Molecular Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Pereyra ◽  
Adriano Cavalleri ◽  
Claudia Szumik ◽  
Christiane Weirauch
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

The New World family Heterothripidae (~90 spp., four genera) comprises flower-feeding and ectoparasitic thrips. The monophyly of the group has remained untested and species-level relationships were unknown. Morphological (123 characters) and molecular (28S rDNA D2 and D3-D5, H3, and partial COI) data were compiled to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of this group. The ingroup was represented by 65 species of the four recognized Heterothripidae genera (Aulacothrips Hood, Heterothrips Hood, Lenkothrips De Santis & Sureda, and Scutothrips Stannard). The monophyly of Heterothripidae was recovered in the total evidence and molecular data only analyses with the ectoparasitic Aulacothrips placed as the sister group of the remaining Heterothripidae. The large genus Heterothrips (>80% of the species-level diversity), which was thoroughly sampled in our analyses (56 species), was recovered as paraphyletic with respect to Scutothrips and Lenkothrips. We conclude that additional morphological and molecular data would be desirable before revising the classification of Heterothripidae

scholarly journals Cretaceous park of sex determination: sex chromosomes are conserved across iguanas

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 20131093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail Rovatsos ◽  
Martina Pokorná ◽  
Marie Altmanová ◽  
Lukáš Kratochvíl
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
New World ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Rapid Turnover ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cretaceous Period

Many poikilothermic vertebrate lineages, especially among amphibians and fishes, possess a rapid turnover of sex chromosomes, while in endotherms there is a notable stability of sex chromosomes. Reptiles in general exhibit variability in sex-determining systems; as typical poikilotherms, they might be expected to have a rapid turnover of sex chromosomes. However, molecular data which would enable the testing of the stability of sex chromosomes are lacking in most lineages. Here, we provide molecular evidence that sex chromosomes are highly conserved across iguanas, one of the most species-rich clade of reptiles. We demonstrate that members of the New World families Iguanidae, Tropiduridae, Leiocephalidae, Phrynosomatidae, Dactyloidae and Crotaphytidae, as well as of the family Opluridae which is restricted to Madagascar, all share homologous sex chromosomes. As our sampling represents the majority of the phylogenetic diversity of iguanas, the origin of iguana sex chromosomes can be traced back in history to the basal splitting of this group which occurred during the Cretaceous period. Iguanas thus show a stability of sex chromosomes comparable to mammals and birds and represent the group with the oldest sex chromosomes currently known among amniotic poikilothermic vertebrates.

Phylogenetic analysis of Micracidini bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) demonstrates a single trans-Atlantic disjunction and inclusion ofCactopinusin the New World clade

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarte H. Jordal ◽  
Johanna Kaidel
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
New World ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
External Data ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

AbstractMicracidini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is an unusual tribe of mainly bigynous bark beetles found in dry forests and scrublands in Afrotropical and Neotropical regions. Their phylogenetic relationship to other bark beetle groups is poorly known with few clues from external morphology. Hence, a phylogenetic analysis of five genes (COI, EF-1a, 28S, CAD, ArgK) and morphological (internal and external) data was conducted to test potential sister group relationships, including 56 outgroup genera in 22 tribes, and 18 species in 10 genera of Micracidini.CactopinusSchwarz – a genus with many cactus feeding species – was nested within a clade of all Neotropical and Nearctic genera. The New World was colonised by an Afrotropical ancestor about 75–85 million years ago, where cactus feeding inCactopinusevolved much later. All analyses indicated a paraphyletic clade of Afrotropical micracidines, strongly supporting inclusion of the Ipini genusDendrochilusSchedl inAfromicracisSchedl. Hypoborini appear to be one of the more plausible sistergroup candidates to Micracidini, and revealed morphological similarity in protibial and proventricular characters. Most phylogenetic results were supported independently by morphological and molecular data and therefore document the power of thorough examination of morphological characters analysed properly in a phylogenetic context.

On the New World spiders previously misplaced in Leptopholcus: molecular and morphological analyses and descriptions of four new species (Araneae : Pholcidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard A. Huber ◽  
Leonardo S. Carvalho ◽  
Suresh P. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
New World ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
South American ◽  
World Species ◽  
American Clade

The generic placement of New World pholcids assigned to the genus Leptopholcus Simon, 1893 has long been questioned and recent molecular data have shown that Caribbean (Hispaniolan) representatives are more closely related to the Old World genus Micropholcus Deeleman-Reinhold & Prinsen, 1987 than to ‘true’ African Leptopholcus (Dimitrov, Astrin and Huber 2013, Cladistics 29: 132–146). Here we provide new molecular (16S, 18S, 28S, COI, H3, WNT1) and morphological data about Caribbean (Cuban, Puerto Rican) and South American (Brazilian) representatives, supporting the sister-group relationship with Micropholcus and suggesting a monophyletic New World clade that in turn consists of a Caribbean and a South American clade. The ten New World species previously assigned to Leptopholcus are thus transferred to Micropholcus for which an emended diagnosis is provided: M. baoruco (Huber, 2006), comb. nov.; M. brazlandia (Huber, Pérez & Baptista, 2005), comb. nov.; M. dalei (Petrunkevitch, 1929), comb. nov.; M. delicatulus (Franganillo, 1930), comb. nov.; M. evaluna (Huber, Pérez & Baptista, 2005), comb. nov.; M. hispaniola (Huber, 2000), comb. nov.; M. jamaica (Huber, 2000), comb. nov.; M. kiskeya (Huber & Wunderlich, 2006), comb. nov.; M. pataxo (Huber, Pérez & Baptista, 2005), comb. nov.; M. toma (Huber, 2006), comb. nov. Four Brazilian species are newly described: M. piaui, sp. nov.; M. piracuruca, sp. nov.; M. crato, sp. nov.; M. ubajara, sp. nov. Natural history data are provided for M. piaui and M. ubajara.

Molecular data sheds light on the classification of long-legged flies (Diptera:Dolichopodidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Germann ◽  
Corinne Wimmer ◽  
Marco Valerio Bernasconi
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Nuclear Marker ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Traditional Classification ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Early Radiation

Dolichopodidae (long-legged flies) is the world’s fourth largest dipteran family, but a phylogeny based on a broad global taxon sample is still lacking. We present here a first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for Dolichopodidae, based on 157 dolichopodid species in 68 genera and 15 subfamilies from the Old and New World, and seven empidoid species (Empididae, Hybotidae) as outgroups. Both relatively fast-evolving mitochondrial markers (COI, 12S, 16S) and a more conserved nuclear marker (18S) were used, the latter being widely employed to study the phylogeny at higher taxonomic levels. We present strong evidence for Microphorinae as sister group to Dolichopodidae sensu stricto, and for the monophyletic Parathalassiinae as part of Dolichopodidae sensu stricto. Monophyly of Achalcinae, Dolichopodinae, and Sciapodinae is supported and Stolidosomatinae are placed within Sympycninae. Diaphorinae, Medeterinae, Neurigoninae, Rhaphiinae, and Sympycninae are paraphyletic, and Hydrophorinae and Peloropeodinae polyphyletic. Our broad taxon sample allows us to gain new insights into the complex systematics of Dolichopodidae. Our results highlight several problems with the traditional classification, which have considerable consequences for the systematic status of some taxa. The poor resolution observed in deep divergences supports previous hypotheses suggesting a rapid early radiation of Dolichopodidae.

scholarly journals Exploring phylogenomic relationships within Myriapoda: should high matrix occupancy be the goal?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Fernandez ◽  
Gregory D Edgecombe ◽  
Gonzalo Giribet
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Bayesian Mixture ◽  
Bayesian Mixture Models

Myriapods are one of the dominant terrestrial arthropod groups including the diverse and familiar centipedes and millipedes. Although molecular evidence has shown that Myriapoda is monophyletic, its internal phylogeny remains contentious and understudied, especially when compared to those of Chelicerata and Hexapoda. Until now, efforts have focused on taxon sampling (e.g., by including a handful of genes in many species) or on maximizing matrix occupancy (e.g., by including hundreds or thousands of genes in just a few species), but a phylogeny maximizing sampling at both levels remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed forty Illumina transcriptomes representing three myriapod classes (Diplopoda, Chilopoda and Symphyla); twenty-five transcriptomes were newly sequenced to maximize representation at the ordinal level in Diplopoda and at the family level in Chilopoda. Eight supermatrices were constructed to explore the effect of several potential phylogenetic biases (e.g., rate of evolution, heterotachy) at three levels of mean gene occupancy per taxon (50%, 75% and 90%). Analyses based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian mixture models retrieved monophyly of each myriapod class, and resulted in two alternative phylogenetic positions for Symphyla, as sister group to Diplopoda + Chilopoda, or closer to Diplopoda, the latter hypothesis having been traditionally supported by morphology. Within centipedes, all orders were well supported, but two nodes remained in conflict in the different analyses despite dense taxon sampling at the family level, situating the order Scolopendromorpha as sister group to a morphologically-anomalous grouping of Lithobiomorpha + Geophilomorpha in a subset of analyses. Interestingly, this anomalous result was obtained for all analyses conducted with the most complete matrix (90% of occupancy), being at odds not only with the sparser but more gene-rich supermatrices (75% and 50% supermatrices) or with the matrices optimizing phylogenegic informativeness and the most conserved genes, but also with previous hypotheses based on morphology, development or other molecular data sets. We discuss the implications of these findings in the context of the ever more prevalent quest for completeness in phylogenomic studies.

Cladistic relationships among higher groups of Heteroptera: congruence between morphological and molecular data sets

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward C. Wheeler ◽  
Ranhy Bang ◽  
Randall T. Schuh
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

AbstractThe monophyly of the 7 infraorders of Heteroptera and history of higher group concepts and interrelationships within the Heteroptera are briefly reviewed. Data from 31 morphological characters are combined with 669 bases of 18S nuclear rDNA for 29 taxa, including several outgroups to the Heteroptera, to produce a phylogeny based on the total available evidence. The molecular data alone and in conjunction with morphological data indicate that: the Homoptera are probably not monophyletic; the Auchenorrhyncha are the sister group of Coleorrhyncha + Heteroptera ; the Enicocephalomorpha are the sister group of remaining Heteroptera; the Dipsocoromorpha are the sister group of remaining Heteroptera; the Gerromorpha are the sister group of remaining Heteroptera; the Nepomorpha are the sister group of remaining Heteroptera; the Leptopodomorpha are the sister group of the Cimicomorpha + Pentatomomorpha. The molecular evidence corroborates the morphologically based theory of a sister group relationship between Aradoidea and trichophoran Pentatomomorpha. This scheme deviates from that previously published by Schuh, in which the Leptopodomorpha were treated as the sister group of the Nepomorpha.

scholarly journals Karyotypic and molecular evidence supports the endemic Tibetan hamsters as a separate divergent lineage of Cricetinae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Romanenko ◽  
Vladimir S. Lebedev ◽  
Anna A. Bannikova ◽  
Svetlana V. Pavlova ◽  
Natalia A. Serdyukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Divergent Lineage ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

AbstractThe genus status of Urocricetus was defined recently based on morphological and molecular data. Even though the amount of evidence for a separate phylogenetic position of this genus among Cricetinae continues to increase, there is still no consensus on its relationship to other groups. Here we give the first comprehensive description of the U. kamensis karyotype (2n = 30, NFa = 50) including results of comparative cytogenetic analysis and detailed examination of its phylogenetic position by means of numerous molecular markers. The molecular data strongly indicated that Urocricetus is a distant sister group to Phodopus. Comparative cytogenetic data showed significant reorganization of the U. kamensis karyotype compared to karyotypes of all other hamsters investigated earlier. The totality of findings undoubtedly means that Urocricetus belongs to a separate divergent lineage of Cricetinae.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2688 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA LUCKY ◽  
PHILIP S. WARD
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Status ◽  
Worker Caste

The ants of the genus Leptomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), commonly called ‘spider ants’, are distinctive members of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae and prominent residents of intact wet forest and sclerophyll habitats in eastern Australia, New Caledonia and New Guinea. This revision redresses pervasive taxonomic problems in this genus by using a combination of morphology and molecular data to define species boundaries and clarify nomenclature. Twenty-seven Leptomyrmex species are recognized and are informally split into two groups: the macro-Leptomyrmex (21 species), and its sister group, the micro-Leptomyrmex (six species). Nine subspecies are elevated to species status: L. cnemidatus Wheeler 1915, L. geniculatus Emery 1914, L. melanoticus Wheeler 1934, L. nigriceps Emery 1914, L. rothneyi Forel 1902, L. ruficeps Emery 1895, L. rufipes Emery 1895, L. rufithorax Forel 1915 and L. tibialis Emery 1895. Nineteen new synonymies are proposed (senior synonyms listed first): L. cnemidatus Wheeler 1915 = L. erythrocephalus venustus Wheeler 1934 = L. erythrocephalus brunneiceps Wheeler 1934; L. darlingtoni Wheeler 1934 = L. darlingtoni fascigaster Wheeler 1934 = L. darlingtoni jucundus Wheeler 1934; L. erythrocephalus (Fabricius 1775) = L. froggatti Forel 1910 =4 · Zootaxa 2688 © 2010 Magnolia PressL. erythrocephalus mandibularis Wheeler 1915 = L. erythrocephalus unctus Wheeler 1934 = L. erythrocephalus clarki Wheeler 1934; L. fragilis (F. Smith 1859) = L. fragilis femoratus Santschi 1932 = L. fragilis maculatus Stitz 1938 = L. wheeleri Donisthorpe 1948; L. melanoticus Wheeler 1934 = L. contractus Donisthorpe 1947; L. niger Emery 1900 = L. lugubris Wheeler 1934; L. rufipes Emery 1895 = L. quadricolor Wheeler 1934; L. rufithorax Forel 1915 = L. erythrocephalus basirufus Wheeler 1934; L. tibialis Emery 1895 = L. nigriventris hackeri Wheeler 1934; L. varians Emery 1895 = L. erythrocephalus decipiens Wheeler 1915 = L. varians angusticeps Santschi 1929; L. wiburdi Wheeler 1915 = L. wiburdi pictus Wheeler 1915. Tools for identification of the macro-Leptomyrmex species include a revised species-level key based on the worker caste, keys to males in Australia and New Guinea, full descriptions of workers, images of known workers, males and queens, and illustration of male genitalia. Phylogenetic relationships among the macroand micro- Leptomyrmex species are discussed, as is the status of a putative fossil relative.

The pitfalls of exaggeration: molecular and morphological evidence suggests Kaliana is a synonym of Mesabolivar (Araneae: Pholcidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1646 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONAS J. ASTRIN ◽  
BERNHARD MISOF ◽  
BERNHARD A. HUBER
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
New World ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
South American ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Close Relationship

When the Venezuelan genus Kaliana Huber, 2000 was described, it was based on a single male specimen that was morphologically unique among pholcid spiders, especially in its extremely exaggerated male genitalia. The morphology of the recently discovered female suggests a close relationship with Mesabolivar González-Sponga, 1998. Using molecular sequences (mitochondrial CO1, 16S, and nuclear 28S) of Kaliana yuruani Huber, 2000 and 53 other pholcid taxa (152 sequences, 19 of them sequenced in this study) in a Bayesian and a maximum parsimony approach, we show that Kaliana is not sister group of, but nested within the species-rich South American genus Mesabolivar. Therefore, we argue that Kaliana is a junior synonym of Mesabolivar (Mesabolivar yuruani, n. comb.). Complementing previous studies on pholcid phylogeny, we also present evidence for a close relationship between Mesabolivar and Carapoia, support the synonymy of Anomalaia and Metagonia with molecular data, support the monophyly of 'ninetines' and question the recently postulated position of Priscula as nested within the New World clade.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document