Performance of Concrete with Waste Tyre and Nano ZrO2

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 5737-5741
Author(s):  
Sayandip Basak ◽  
M. Helen Santhi ◽  
Caroline Ponraj
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Gel Combustion ◽  
Microscope Imaging ◽  
Electron Microscope Imaging ◽  
Combustion Technique

This paper presents the compressive strength of concrete which consists of 5% replacement of coarse aggregate with rubber aggregate, 25% replacement of cement with fly ash (Class C) and an additional amount of 0.2% of ZrO2 nanoparticles. The ZrO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using gel combustion technique where zirconium oxynitrate was used as the precursor and citric acid as the fuel in the molar ratio of 1:1.5 respectively. The synthesized ZrO2 nano particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction and the average crystallite size was found as 9.7 nm. Three types of mixes were taken into consideration; control mix (M40), rubber modified concrete mix and nano-rubber modified mix. The Scanning Electron Microscope imaging was done to study the morphology of the mixes. With the percentage of rubber aggregate replacement mentioned above there was found to be a considerable decrease in the compressive strength but on incorporation of nano ZrO2 along with rubber aggregate it was found out that there was an increase in compressive strength which even surpassed the strength of conventional concrete.

scholarly journals Metakaolinite Phosphate Cementitious Matrix: Inorganic Polymer Obtained by Acidic Activation

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antigoni Katsiki ◽  
Tobias Hertel ◽  
Tine Tysmans ◽  
Yiannis Pontikes ◽  
Hubert Rahier
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Optimum Composition ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Cementitious Matrix ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Optimal Behavior ◽  
Amorphous Network

This work aims to study an aluminosilicate phosphate cementitious matrix. The cementitious matrix was studied on paste samples. The synthesis of metakaolinite phosphate cement (MKPC) was investigated using calorimetric techniques. A systematic study was performed by emphasizing a broad range of Al/P molar ratios, covering the different behavior of the material to the extremes, as well as the optimum composition. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the final structure was mainly an amorphous network, albeit with some non-reacted phases. The compressive strength was studied on mortars using a cement/sand ratio of 1:3. MKPC specimens with Al/P ratios close to 1/1 showed optimal behavior. MKPCs with Al/P ratios above 1/1 were characterized by high porosity and low strength, whereas MKPCs with Al/P < 1 contained an excess of phosphates. The influence of the Al/P molar ratio on compressive strength was also studied, reaching a maximum of 68 MPa for the optimum composition. Based on the results, MKPC may be a promising candidate for construction purposes.

Fabrication of CoFe/BaFe12O19 Magnetic Nanocomposite Thin Films by Electrodeposition

2013 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 332-336
Author(s):  
Soheila Kharratian Khameneh ◽  
M. Heydarzadeh Sohi ◽  
Abolghasem Ataie ◽  
Saeed Mehrizi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Barium Hexaferrite ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nanocomposite Thin Films ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Deposited Films ◽  
Dominant Phase

A study of the incorporation of barium hexaferrite nanoparticles into a CoFe matrix by means of electrodeposition over brass substrates has been performed. Barium hexaferrite nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation route using solution of iron and barium nitrates with a Fe3+/Ba2+molar ratio of 8, by addition of NaOH with a OH-/NO3- molar ratio of 2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that in a sample synthesized from aqueous solution and annealed at 900 °C for 1 hour, BaFe12O19 was the dominant phase. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed plate-like particles of barium hexaferrite by mean diameter of 300 nm and thickness of 45 nm. CoFe-BaFe12O19 nanocomposite thin films were then electrodeposited froma Co-Fe bath containing the barium hexaferrite particles obtained in the first stage of this work. Finally, FE-SEM equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyzer and XRD analysis was applied on the deposited films, to confirm presence of the nanoparticles in the film. The average crystallite size of the deposits was around 30 nm. It was also noticed that increasing the concentration of the particles in the electroplating bath, caused a rise in the BaFe12O19 content of the deposits but had no significant effect on the composition of the CoFe matrix.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline copper sulfide powders

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (38) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Ulla M. Sleman
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulfide ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Nanocrystalline Copper ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Complex Agent ◽  
Scherrer Formula

Nanocrystalline copper sulphide (Cu2-xS) powders were synthesized by chemical precipitation from their aqueous solutions composed of different molar ratio of copper sulfate dehydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) and thiorea (NH2)2CS as source of Cu+2, S-2 ions respectively, and sodium ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid dehydrate (EDTA) as a complex agent. The compositions, morphological and structural properties of the nanopowders were characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The compositional results showed that the copper content was high and the Sulfur content was low for both CuS and Cu2S nanopowders. SEM images shows that all products consist of aggregate of fine nanospheres with uniform distribution and the size of the particles formed are in nanometer range. XRD results revealed that the obtained powders contains a mixture of copper sulfide phases specially the intermediate phases and the rough estimate of the average crystallite size using the Scherrer formula gives a range of values (4.1-36.9) nm.

Structural, Morphological and Thermal Decomposition Studies of Calcium and Hafnium Modified BaTiO3 Electro Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude Fernandez ◽  
B Bindhu ◽  
M. Prabu ◽  
KY Sandhya
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Ferroelectric Material ◽  
Tetragonal Symmetry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gel Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technique ◽  
P4mm Space Group

Abstract Calcium and hafnium co-doped barium titanate could be used as a replacement for lead zirconate titanate, which is a lead-based ferroelectric material. Solid state reaction accompanied by the usual sintering technique is the classical ceramic-processing method, which demands a lot of time and effort. The present work aims to make the process a lot easier and quicker by employing a modified sol-gel combustion technique to synthesize polycrystalline Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti(1-x)HfxO3 (x=0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) electro ceramics . The molar ration is fixed at 1:1 for metal and citric acid at pH ~ 1. It was found that Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti(1-x)HfxO3 (where x=0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) crystallizes completely at around 1000 °C which is much lower than traditional methods. The structure supposedly displays a tetragonal symmetry with the P4mm space group as confirmed through x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy.

Structural and Electrical Conductivity Studies in Nickel Ferrite Nano-Particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram S. Barkule ◽  
D.V. Kurmude ◽  
A.V. Raut ◽  
N.N. Waghule ◽  
K.M. Jadhav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Nickel Ferrite ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Auto Combustion

Abstract: The magnetic nano-particles of nickel ferrite were synthesized successfully by sol-gel auto-combustion method using high purity metal nitrates and citric acid as chelating agent. The as prepared powder of nickel ferrite was sintered at 5500C for 5 hr to obtain good crystalline phase and was used for further study. The X-ray diffraction technique was employed to confirm the single phase formation of nickel ferrite nano-particles. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows the Bragg’s peak which belongs to cubic spinel structure. The values of lattice constant, X-ray density, oxygen parameter and radii of tetrahedral and octahedral sites were calculated from XRD data. The average crystallite size was estimated using Scherrer’s formula and found to be 6 nm. The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity plot shows the kink, which can be attributed to ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition. The activation energy obtained from resistivity plots in paramagnetic region is found to be more than that in ferrimagnetic region. The conduction mechanism in these nickel ferrite nano-particles has been discussed on the basis of hopping of electrons.

The Formation and Properties of Zeolite-A and Zeolite-X through Geopolymerisation of Metakaolin

2018 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subaer ◽  
Hamzah Fansuri
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zeolite X ◽  
X Ray ◽  
O 10

This study was aimed at experimentally investigate the formation of zeolite-A and zeolite-X through geopolymerization routes. The samples were prepared by alkali-activation of metakaolinite at 70 °C with Si:Al = 1.04 and 1.25 and Na:A l= 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 while keeping the molar ratio of H2O:Na2O = 10. The physical and mechanical properties of the resulting materials were characterized by means of bulk density and porosity measurement, compressive strength and Vickers microhardness tests. Crystallinity level and the phase of the samples was examined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) while morphology and elemental composition of the samples were examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that zeolite-A and zeolite-X were able to produce through geopolymerisation of metakaolin. XRD and SEM-EDX analysis results showed that these materials were composed of zeolite-A or zeolite-X together with amorphous geopolymer. The zeolite X was only formed when ratio of Si:Al is 1.25 while zeolite A was formed at all ratio except ata Si:Al=1.25 and Na:Al=1.0. These materials have relatively low hardness and compressive strength, low density and high apparent porosity.

scholarly journals Alkali Activation of Waste Clay Bricks: Influence of The Silica Modulus, SiO2/Na2O, H2O/Na2O Molar Ratio, and Liquid/Solid Ratio

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Gado ◽  
Marek Hebda ◽  
Michal Łach ◽  
Janusz Mikuła
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Clay Bricks

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of various reaction conditions, namely the silica modulus SiO2/Na2O, H2O/Na2O molar ratio, and liquid/solid ratio on the geopolymerization reaction of the waste fired clay bricks (Grog). The starting raw material and the generated geopolymer specimens produced by different geopolymerization reaction conditions have been characterized using different techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermal analysis. Furthermore, physico–mechanical characterization has been carried out through the determination of bulk density, porosity, water absorption, and compressive strength for each sample at interval curing times of up to 28 days. The results indicated that the geopolymerization system of the waste fired clay bricks is influenced by the investigated reaction conditions at room temperature. The compressive strength of the geopolymer sample produced at optimum conditions increased significantly by up to 37.5 MPa, in comparison with 4.5 MPa for other conditions. Finally, an optimum recommendation and useful conclusions concerning the recycling and utilization of this waste material through the geopolymerization process are made for compatibility with construction applications.

scholarly journals Replacement of Volatile Acetic Acid by Solid SiO2@COOH Silica (Nano)Beads for (Ep)Oxidation Using Mn and Fe Complexes Containing BPMEN Ligand

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5435
Author(s):  
Yun Wang ◽  
Florence Gayet ◽  
Jean-Claude Daran ◽  
Pascal Guillo ◽  
Dominique Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Silica Beads ◽  
Fe Complexes

Mn and Fe BPMEN complexes showed excellent reactivity in catalytic oxidation with an excess of co-reagent (CH3COOH). In the straight line of a cleaner catalytic system, volatile acetic acid was replaced by SiO2 (nano)particles with two different sizes to which pending carboxylic functions were added (SiO2@COOH). The SiO2@COOH beads were obtained by the functionalization of SiO2 with pending nitrile functions (SiO2@CN) followed by CN hydrolysis. All complexes and silica beads were characterized by NMR, infrared, DLS, TEM, X-ray diffraction. The replacement of CH3COOH by SiO2@COOH (100 times less on molar ratio) has been evaluated for (ep)oxidation on several substrates (cyclooctene, cyclohexene, cyclohexanol) and discussed in terms of activity and green metrics.

scholarly journals Biocement Fabrication and Design Application for a Sustainable Urban Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chungmin Lee ◽  
Hyesun Lee ◽  
Ok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Water Percolation ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Recently, designers have begun to pursue sustainability through the fabrication of materials from living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae in order to address environmental issues. Based on the potential of materials from living organisms, this study has explored a sustainable design application using biocement formed thorough microbially-induced calcite precipitation (MICP), which produces minerals by bacterial metabolic activity. Since most of the studies on MICP thus far have focused on limited fields such as engineering, biotechnology, and geo-technology, this study has focused more on improving the application of biocement in design. We optimized MICP conditions using two parameters (i.e., concentration of urea-CaCl2 and bacterial cell density) through water percolation testing, compressive strength testing, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Then, based on the optimized conditions, material compatibility testing and scalability testing were performed, and design application research was conducted as well. As a result, biocement has been identified as a potential sustainable design material, based on its 40% compressive strength compared to conventional concrete, improved material finish, aesthetic aspects, and environmental impact. This paper contributes to the development of biocement applications in the environmental design field through multidisciplinary research ranging from biological experiments to design applications.

scholarly journals Utilization of red mud for producing a high strength binder by composition optimization and nano strengthening

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 396-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ahmed ◽  
Tao Meng ◽  
Mazahir Taha
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Microstructure Change ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composition Optimization

AbstractRecycling of red mud (RM) has attracted more attention in recent years due to severe environmental problems caused by landfilling. The effect of composition optimization and Nano-strengthening on the properties of a binder based on RM was studied in this paper. Results showed that modifying ratios of main oxides and adding Nano-SiO2 could obviously affect the mechanical properties and microstructure of the binder. Specimens with high SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio (S/A) displayed considerable increase in compressive strength, while decreasing Na2O/Al2O3 molar ratio (N/A) improved the workability of the fresh mix. The compressive strength was developed significantly to be 45 MPa at 28 days by adding Nano-SiO2 with 0.4 wt.% of RM. Phase transformation and microstructure change at different stages of RM decomposition and binder geopolyerization were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of this study may provide a prospective method to use RM more widely in construction applications.

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