Tissue Engineering Scaffold Slowly Releasing Neurotrophic Factors to Bridge Long Peripheral Nerve Defect

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-334
Author(s):  
Jie Dai ◽  
Maimaitiaili Niyazi ◽  
Jiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Release System

Consistent application of neurotropic factors is necessary in peripheral nerve regeneration, yet challenging to achieve. Here we used a novel neurotropic factor controlled release system consisted of fibrin, fibronectin and hydrogel to slowly release two neurotrophic factors. At the same time, physiological saline and reverse nerve suturing were used as negative and positive control. A year after surgery, animals which were treated by neurotrophic factor slow release system achieved far better neural regeneration and myelination, as well as superior recovery of hindfoot than the negative control group. In the meanwhile, the results in the experimental group are still inferior to the nerve allograft group. In can be concluded from those results that, consistent releasing of neurotrophic factors can significantly promote long peripheral nerve regeneration, but still short of achieving the results same as the gold standard of autologous nerve grafting.

scholarly journals Histopathological analysis of gangliosides use in peripheral nerve regeneration after axonotmesis in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Maria Beder Ribeiro ◽  
Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito Vasconcelos ◽  
Joaquim Celestino da Silva Neto ◽  
Valdemiro Amaro da Silva Júnior ◽  
Nancy Gurgel Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Right

PURPOSE: To analyze the action of gangliosides in peripheral nerve regeneration in the sciatic nerve of the rat. METHODS: The sample was composed of 96 male Wistar rats. The animals were anaesthetized and, after identification of the anaesthesic plane, an incision was made in the posterior region of the thigh, followed by skin and muscle divulsion. The right sciatic nerve was isolated and compressed for 2 minutes. Continuous suture of the skin was performed. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (EG), which received subcutaneous injection of gangliosides, and the control group (CG), which received saline solution (0.9%) to mimic the effects of drug administration. RESULTS: No differences were observed between the experimental and control groups evaluated on the eighth day of observation. At 15 and 30 days the EG showed an decrease in Schwann cell activity and an apparent improvement in fibre organization; at 60 days, there was a slight presence of Schwann cells in the endoneural space and the fibres were organized, indicating nerve regeneration. At 15 and 30 days, the level of cell reaction in the CG had diminished, but there were many cells with cytoplasm in activity and in mitosis; at 60 days, hyperplastic Schwann cells and mitotic activity were again observed, as well as nerve regeneration, but to a lesser extent than in the EG. CONCLUSION: The administration of exogenous gangliosides seems to improve nerve regeneration.

Producing Neurospheroids and Hydrogels to Create a Three-dimensional in Vitro Model for the Use of Conduits in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. E272-E272
Author(s):  
Devyani Shete ◽  
Aran Batth ◽  
Aditi Nijhawan ◽  
Jaffer Choudhary ◽  
Ian Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Live Cells

Abstract INTRODUCTION Peripheral nerve regeneration is a complex challenge that requires suitable nerve guidance systems to bridge the severed ends of 2 nerves back together. Current polymeric conduits on the market provide good cellular growth but are limited by the length of gap defect they can repair, and complete functional recovery is rare. This project focused on creating a three-dimensional (3D) in Vitro spheroidal sprouting assay for peripheral nerve regeneration, as well as producing and testing different polymeric hydrogels as potential scaffold materials for the conduit. METHODS Different concentrations of chitosan, methylcellulose (MC) and sodium alginate were produced, as well as blends of these materials. These hydrogels were seeded with 3D neurospheroids, along with NG108-15 (neuronal) cells and Schwann cells to test their biocompatibility. RESULTS MTT assays showed the mean absorbance of chitosan gels with NG108-15 cells at 24 hr (P < .001) and 72 hr (P > .05) was similar/slightly higher than the negative control. Live-Dead data showed 93.4% of live cells at DIV7 on MC: Ch blends, compared to 72% with chitosan alone. CONCLUSION Overall, both chitosan and MC were nontoxic and biocompatible with NG108-15 and Schwann cells. Blending chitosan with MC improved its chemical and physical properties. The cells formed spheroids that well on a gel; this pseudo-3D structure is excellent for research purposes compared to 2D as it mimics the body's internal environment.

Effects of human amniotic fluid on peripheral nerve scarring and regeneration in rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Güzin Yeşim Özgenel ◽  
Gülaydan Filiz
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Repair Site ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Peripheral nerve repair surgery is still replete with challenges. Despite technical improvements in microsurgery, classic methods of nerve repair have failed to provide satisfactory results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of amniotic fluid from humans on peripheral nerve scarring and regeneration in rats. Methods. Forty adult Sprague—Dawley rats were used in this study. After the right sciatic nerve in each rat was transected and repaired using an epineural suture procedure, the nerves were divided into two groups according to the solution applied around the repair site: experimental group, 0.3 ml human amniotic fluid (HAF); and control group, 0.3 ml saline. Macroscopic and histological evaluations of peripheral nerve scarring were performed 4 weeks postsurgery. Nerves treated with HAF demonstrated a significant reduction in the amount of scar tissue surrounding the repair site (p < 0.05). No evidence of a reaction against HAF was noted. Functional nerve regeneration was measured once every 2 weeks by using a sciatic function index until 12 weeks postsurgery. Functional recovery in nerves treated with amniotic fluid occurred significantly faster than that in nerves treated with saline (p < 0.05). Peripheral nerve regeneration was evaluated histomorphologically at 12 weeks postsurgery. Nerves treated with amniotic fluid showed significant improvement with respect to the indices of fiber maturation (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Preliminary data show that HAF enhances peripheral nerve regeneration. The preventive effect of HAF on epineural scarring and the rich content of neurotrophic and neurite-promoting factors possibly contribute to this result.

Effect of Arecoline on Regeneration of Injured Peripheral Nerves

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 865-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Chi Lee ◽  
Chin-Chuan Tsai ◽  
Chun-Hsu Yao ◽  
Yuan-Man Hsu ◽  
Yueh-Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation

The present study provides in vitro and in vivo evaluation of arecoline on peripheral nerve regeneration. In the in vitro study, we found that arecoline at 50 μg/ml could significantly promote the survival and outgrowth of cultured Schwann cells as compared to the controls treated with culture medium only. In the in vivo study, we evaluated peripheral nerve regeneration across a 10-mm gap in the sciatic nerve of the rat, using a silicone rubber nerve chamber filled with the arecoline solution. In the control group, the chambers were filled with normal saline only. At the end of the fourth week, morphometric data revealed that the arecoline-treated group at 5 μg/ml significantly increased the number and the density of myelinated axons as compared to the controls. Immunohistochemical staining in the arecoline-treated animals at 5 μg/ml also showed their neural cells in the L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia ipsilateral to the injury were strongly retrograde-labeled with fluorogold and lamina I–II regions in the dorsal horn ipsilateral to the injury were significantly calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunolabeled compared with the controls. In addition, we found that the number of macrophages recruited in the distal sciatic nerve was increased as the concentration of arecoline was increased. Electrophysiological measurements showed the arecoline-treated groups at 5 and 50 μg/ml had a relatively larger nerve conductive velocity of the evoked muscle action potentials compared to the controls. These results indicate that arecoline could stimulate local inflammatory conditions, improving the recovery of a severe peripheral nerve injury.

Conduits harnessing spatially controlled cell-secreted neurotrophic factors improve peripheral nerve regeneration

Biomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron X. Sun ◽  
Travis A. Prest ◽  
John R. Fowler ◽  
Rachel M. Brick ◽  
Kelsey M. Gloss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

scholarly journals Fascicular shifting: a novel technique to overcome large nerve defects

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-731
Author(s):  
Maria Hader ◽  
Matthias E. Sporer ◽  
Aidan D. Roche ◽  
Ewald Unger ◽  
Konstantin D. Bergmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group

OBJECTIVEOver the last decade, a number of authors have investigated the utility of different biological and synthetic matrices as alternatives to conventional nerve grafts. However, the autologous nerve graft remains the gold standard, even though it often involves using a pure sensory nerve to reconstruct a mixed or even a pure motor nerve. Furthermore, limited donor sites often necessitate a significant mismatch of needed nerve tissue, especially for large proximal nerve defects such as brachial plexus lesions. Here, the authors present a new technique that overcomes these problems: the fascicular shift procedure (FSP). A fascicular group of the nerve distal to the injury is harvested in a sufficient length to bridge the nerve defect.METHODSThe method of fascicular shifting was tested at the sciatic nerve in 45 Lewis rats. In the experimental group, a 15-mm nerve defect was created and reconstructed with a fascicular group that was harvested directly distal to the gap. This group was compared with 1 negative control group (defect without reconstruction) and 3 positive control groups (sensory, motor, and mixed graft). After 12 weeks of nerve regeneration, outcome was evaluated using retrograde labeling, histomorphometric analysis, and muscle force analysis.RESULTSAll reconstructed groups showed successful regeneration with various levels of function. The negative control group showed minimal force measurements that were of no functional value. The fascicular shift provided sufficient guidance to overcome nerve defects, had higher (p < 0.1) motor neuron counts (1958.75 ± 657.21) than the sensory graft (1263.50 ± 538.90), and was equal to motor grafts (1490.43 ± 794.80) and mixed grafts (1720.00 ± 866.421). This tendency of improved motor regeneration was confirmed in all analyses. The mixed graft group was compared with the experimental group to investigate the influence of the potential damage induced by the fascicular shift distal to the repair site. However, none of the analyses revealed an impairment of nerve regeneration for both the tibial and common peroneal index muscles.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that harvesting a transplant from the nerve segment distal to the injury site offers a mixed graft without causing additional donor-site morbidity. These grafts perform statistically better than a standard sensory graft in terms of motor recovery. The fascicular shift presents a novel method to reconstruct large proximal nerve defects, making it immensely attractive in brachial plexus reconstruction.

scholarly journals EpimediumExtract Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Kou ◽  
Zhiyong Wang ◽  
Zhihong Wu ◽  
Peixun Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Repair ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Sciatic Functional Index ◽  
And Control ◽  
Better Than

Effects ofEpimediumextract and its constituent icariin on peripheral nerve repair were investigated in a crush injury rat model. Animals were divided into four groups: sham, control,Epimediumextract, and icariin groups. At postoperative weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8, nerve regeneration and functional recovery were evaluated by sciatic functional index (SFI), nerve electrophysiology, nerve pinch test, and muscle wet weight. Results showed that at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery rats in theEpimediumgroup displayed a better recovery of nerve function than that in the icariin and control groups, with better recovery in the icariin group than in the control group. The nerve pinch test showed that nerve regeneration was greater in theEpimediumgroup and the icariin group as compared to the control group. In addition, the muscle wet weight in theEpimediumgroup was significantly improved when compared with the icariin group, and the improvement in the icariin group was better than that in the control group at 8 weeks after operation. Our findings suggest thatEpimediumextract effectively promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and improves the function of damaged nerves.

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