Effects of Muscone on Cartilage Morphology and Matrix Metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3h) and Matrix Metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) Expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis Rat Models

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 724-730
Author(s):  
Xue Zhong ◽  
Yuebo Jin ◽  
Yufei Feng

Aim: To discuss Muscone treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Rat Models and relative mechanisms. Materials and methods: Dividing 36 rats as 4 groups as Normal, Model, DMSO and Muscone groups (n = 9). Rats of Model, DMSO and Muscone groups were made Rheumatoid Arthritis model. Muscone group were treated with 2 mg/kg Muscone after modeling. HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe the morphological changes of cartilage tissue, measuring MMP-3 and MMP-9 expression by RT-PCR, Western Blotting (WB) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Compared with Model group, the pathological changes of Muscone group was significantly improved and average optical density of collagen fibers was significantly depressed (P < 0.001, respectively) via MMP-3 and MMP-9 proteins significantly depressing (P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Muscone improved Rheumatoid Arthritis by depressing MMP-3 and MMP-9 proteins in vivo study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Bálint Botz ◽  
Gábor Kriszta ◽  
Kata Bölcskei ◽  
Ádám István Horváth ◽  
Attila Mócsai ◽  
...  

Capsaicin-sensitive peptidergic sensory nerves play complex, mainly protective regulatory roles in the inflammatory cascade of the joints via neuropeptide mediators, but the mechanisms of the hyperacute arthritis phase has not been investigated. Therefore, we studied the involvement of these afferents in the early, “black box” period of a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) mouse model. Capsaicin-sensitive fibres were defunctionalized by pretreatment with the ultrapotent capsaicin analog resiniferatoxin and arthritis was induced by K/BxN arthritogenic serum. Disease severity was assessed by clinical scoring, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst by chemiluminescent, vascular permeability by fluorescent in vivo imaging. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was used to correlate the functional and morphological changes. After sensory desensitization, both early phase ROS-burst and vascular leakage were significantly enhanced, which was later followed by the increased clinical severity scores. Furthermore, the early vascular leakage and ROS-burst were found to be good predictors of later arthritis severity. We conclude that the anti-inflammatory role of peptidergic afferents depends on their activity in the hyperacute phase, characterized by decreased cellular and vascular inflammatory components presumably via anti-inflammatory neuropeptide release. Therefore, these fibres might serve as important gatekeepers in RA.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-840
Author(s):  
Peng Xu ◽  
Fang Sun ◽  
Ming Xiong ◽  
Qun Li ◽  
Peng Tu ◽  
...  

Purpose: To discuss the effects and mechanisms of improvement of Hydroxysafflor yellow A in pulmonary fibrosis by in vivo study. Material and Methods: In this study, dividing the C57BL/6 mice as 4 group, there were 10 mice in every group. Collecting the serum of difference groups and measuring the Hyp, SOD, MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Lung tissues were taken out and evaluating the pathology by HE staining and fibrosis degree by Masson staining. The relative proteins (α-SMA and E-cadherin) were measured by IHC and WB in lung tissues of difference groups. Results: With HSYA or DXM supplement, the Hyp, MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations significantly suppressed and SOD concentration significantly enhanced (P < 0.05, respectively). Compared with Sham group, the pathology injury and fibrosis degree of Model group were significantly up-regulation (P < 0.001, respectively); With HSYA or DXM treatment, the pathology injury and fibrosis degree of HSYA and DXM groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05, respectively). By IHC and WB assay, the α-SMA and E-cadherin proteins expressions of Model group were significantly differences (P < 0.001, respectively); however, the α-SMA and E-cadherin proteins expressions of HSYA and DXM groups were significantly improved with HSYA or DXM supplement (P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: HSYA improves pulmonary fibrosis by regulation α-SMA and E-cadherin in vivo study.


2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Yi He ◽  
Zhaolei Jiang ◽  
Saie Shen ◽  
Ju Mei ◽  
...  

Background/Aims: Pulmonary fibrosis is a common outcome of various interstitial lung diseases. Prodigiosin (PG) is a series of red pigment with methoxypyrrole ring. This studyinvestigates therole of prodigiosin in pulmonary fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: A pulmonary fibrosis rat model was established by intra-trachealinjection ofbleomycin A5. Rats were divided into 4 groups: Normal group, pulmonary fibrosis Model group, Prodigiosin treatment group and hydrocortisone treatmentgroup. HE and Masson staining were carried outto evaluate histopathological changes. The content of hydroxyproline in lung tissue was determined by alkaline hydrolysis. The expression of PICP and PIIINP was examined by ELISA. The mRNA expression of miR-410, TGF-β1 and ADAMTS1 in lung homogenate were detected by RT-PCR. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues of rats were collected and analyzed. Human embryonic pulmonary fibroblast (HEPF) was used for study in vitro. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to examine the effect of miR-410 on ADAMTS1 expression. Cell transfection was conducted to inhibit miR-410. MTT assay was performed to investigate cell proliferation. The expressions of miR-410, TGF-β1, ADAMTS1and other fibrosis related biomarkers (Col I, Col III, and α-SMA) wereexamined by RT-PCR and Western Blot. Results: HE and Masson staining showed thickened alveolar septum, hyperplasticcapillaries, and large areas of collagen fiber deposition in pulmonary fibrosis model rats. Rats in prodigiosin and hydrocortisone treatment groups had alleviated symptoms. There was high hydroxyproline expression in model rats, whereas the expression of hydroxyproline reduced after prodigiosin or hydrocortisone treatments. RT-PCR results showed high miR-410,high TGF-β1 and low ADAMTS1 in lung tissue of model rats. The expression of PICP and PIIINP werehigher in BALF of model group than in treatment groups. Prodigiosin and hydrocortisone treatment significantly reduced PICP and PIIINP content. RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis showed that prodigiosin inhibited expression of miR-410 and TGF-β1, but up-regulated ADAMTS1 expression. MTT assay indicated that prodigiosin inhibited HEPF proliferation induced by miR-410 overexpression. Conclusion: Prodigiosin down-regulates the expression of miR-410 and TGF-β1, up-regulates ADAMTS1, leading to decrease accumulation of fibrotic proteins. It could be used in alleviating pulmonary fibrosis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh K. Bonta

Background: Cancer is a rapidly growing disease and the second most leading cause of death worldwide. Breast, colon, lung, and prostate cancer are the most diagnosed types of cancer among the majority of the population. The prevalence of these cancers is increasing rapidly due to the lack of effective drugs. The search for anti-cancer bioactive components from natural plant sources is gaining immense significance. The aim of the paper is to introduce the readers about the in vitro and in vivo biochemical mechanisms of phenolic acids and flavonoids in these four types of cancers. Methods: A literature search was carried out in databases, including Scopus, SciFinder, Springer, Science direct and Google. The main keywords used were fruits & vegetables, phenolic acids, flavonoids, anticancer, bioavailability, etc. The data obtained were integrated and analyzed. Results: The study revealed the potential molecular mechanisms of phenolic acids and flavonoids, which include the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, cell-cycle arrest, induction of Poly ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, downregulation of Matrix metalloproteinases-2 and Matrix metalloproteinases-9 activities, decreased levels of B-cell lymphoma-2, etc. Promising effects of phenolic acids and flavonoids have been observed against breast, colon, lung and prostate cancers. Conclusion: The in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer mechanisms of phenolic acids and flavonoids have been revealed in this study. With the knowledge of specific molecular targets and the structural-functional relationship of bioactive compounds, the current review will open a new gateway for the scientific community and provide them a viable option to exploit more of these compounds for the development of novel and efficacious anticancer compounds.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-yan Wang ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Fang-fang Liu

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of cancer—prevalent worldwide—and one of the causes of cancer-related deaths. In this study, ethanol extracts from Pholiota adiposa (EPA) were used to identify possible targets for HCC treatment and their effects on intestinal microflora were analyzed. Methods: Male mice were randomly assigned to groups—the model group, cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg/d), and EPA groups, in which the mice were categorized based on the different concentrations of each compound (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg/day). Relevant biochemical indicators were detected using ELISA, H&E staining, and TUNEL assay. Four tumor apoptosis-related proteins and genes, Caspase3, BAX, Bcl-2, and VEGF, were detected by immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and RT-PCR. The total genomic DNA was obtained from the contents of the small intestine and colon and was sequenced. The V3+V4 regions of bacterial 16s rDNA (from 341 to 806) were amplified. Results: The tests revealed that EPA exhibited antitumor activity in vivo by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis. Moreover, EPA treatment could increase beneficial and decrease harmful microflorae. These results demonstrate that EPA may be a potential therapy for HCC.


2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pungchanchaikul ◽  
M. Gelbier ◽  
P. Ferretti ◽  
A. Bloch-Zupan

Failure of secondary palate fusion during embryogenesis is a cause of cleft palate. Disappearance of the medial epithelial seam (MES) is required to allow merging of the mesenchyme from both palatal shelves. This involves complex changes of the medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells and surrounding structures that are controlled by several genes whose spatio-temporal expression is tightly regulated. We have carried out morphological analyses and used a semi-quantitative RT-PCR technique to evaluate whether morphological changes and modulation in the expression of putative key genes, such as twist, snail, and E-cadherin, during the fusion process in palate organ culture parallel those observed in vivo, and show that this is indeed the case. We also show, using the organotypic model of palate fusion, that the down-regulation of the transcription factor snail that occurs with the progression of palate development is not dependent on fusion of the palatal shelves. Abbreviations: dsg1, desmoglein1; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; MEE, medial edge epithelium; MES, medial epithelial seam; RT-PCR, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxian He ◽  
Lisi Cai ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yunhui Li ◽  
Xin Tao ◽  
...  

Abstract Exenatide can contribute to the therapeutic effect for PCOS patients in restoring menstrual cycles. To exploring endometrial tissue change in PCOS rats and the effects of exenatide on endometrial tissue, we carried out in vivo study of PCOS rat models. Method: PCOS rat models were obtained after DHEA treatment, and the corresponding parameters were measured to confirm the establishment of PCOS models. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was performed to observe endometrium morphological change, and western blot and RT-PCR were performed to identify the alteration AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα) and SIRT1 proteins and the relative expression of SIRT1 mRNA in endometrial cellular after the intervention of exenatide (EX). Results: The endometrium of PCOS rats appeared to not only the gland number increased but also the gland size enlarged. When the PCOS rats underwent EX treatment, the gland number decreased and the gland size narrowed, the expression of AMPKα and SIRT1 protein increased, and the expression of SIRT1 mRNA level augmented. Conclusion: EX could decrease gland number and narrow gland size in PCOS rat endometrium which may be partly via AMPKα-SIRT1 pathway.


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