A novel design of wound bandage using heparin-polyvinylpyrrolidone/TiO2 nanocomposite to improved antibacterial treatment and burn wound healing effect: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1808-1818
Author(s):  
Xiuli Li ◽  
Jigang Wang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Xiaoqian Hou ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  

In our current study, porous heparin-polyvinylpyrrolidone/TiO2 nanocomposite (HpPVP/TiO2) bandage were prepared via the incorporation of TiO2 into HpPVP hydrogels for biomedical applications such as burn infection. The effect of the HpPVP hydrogels and the nanoparticles of TiO2 composition on the functional group and the surface properties of the as-fabricated bandages were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The presence of TiO2 nanoparticles created the internal structure of the HpPVP hydrogel that aids in a homogeneous porous structure, as indicated by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The size distribution of the TiO2 nanoparticles was measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The studies on the mechanical properties of the HpPVP hydrogel indicate that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles increases its strength. The prepared HpPVP/TiO2 nanocomposite dressing has excellent antimicrobial activity were tested against bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and has good biocompatibility against human dermal fibroblast cells (HFFF2) for biological applications. In addition, in vivo evaluations in Kunming mice exposed that the as-fabricated HpPVP/TiO2 nanocomposite bandages increased the wound curing and facilitated accelerate skin cell construction along with collagen development. The synergistic effects of the HpPVP/TiO2 nanocomposite hydrogel dressing material, such as its excellent hydrophilic nature, good bactericidal activity, biocompatibility and wound closure rate through in vivo test makes it a suitable candidate for burn infections.

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1190
Author(s):  
Chitra Subramanian ◽  
Reid McCallister ◽  
Dawn Kuszynski ◽  
Mark S. Cohen

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy, with very poor prognosis as a majority of the patients have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Currently, adjuvant therapy for most patients consists of either mitotane (M) alone or in combination with multi-drug chemotherapeutics such as etoposide (E), doxorubicin (D), and cisplatin (P), known as the Italian protocol (IP; EDPM). This multi-drug treatment regimen, however, carries significant toxicity potential for patients. One way to improve toxicity profiles with these drugs in combination is to understand where their synergy occurs and over what dosing range so that lower dose regimens could be applied in combination with equal or improved efficacy. We hypothesize that a better understanding of the synergistic effects as well as the regulation of steroidogenic enzymes during combination therapy may provide more optimized combinational options with good potency and lower toxicity profiles. Methods: Two human ACC cell lines, NCI-H295R (hormonally active) and SW13 (hormonally inactive), were grown in 2D culture in appropriate growth medium. The viability of the cells after treatment with varying concentrations of the drugs (E, D, and P) either alone or in combinations with M was determined using the CellTiter Glow assay after 72 h, and the combination index for each was calculated using Compusyn by the Chou–Talalay method. The expression levels of enzymes associated with steroidogenesis were evaluated by RT-PCR in NCI-H295R. Results: When both cell lines were treated with M (ranging 25–50 μM), +E (ranging 18.75–75 μM), and +D (ranging 0.625–2.5 μM) we observed a synergistic effect (CI < 1) with potency equivalent to the full Italian protocol (IP), whereas combining M + P + D had an antagonistic effect (CI > 1) indicating the negative effect of adding cisplatin in the combination. Comparing the hormonally active and inactive cell lines, M + P + E was antagonistic in NCI-H295R and synergistic in SW13. Treatment of NCI-H295R cells with antagonistic combinations (M + P + D, M + P + E) resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of steroidogenic enzymes STAR, CYP11A1, and CYP21A2 compared to IP (p < 0.05) while M + E + D resulted in increased expression or no significant effect compared to IP across all genes tested. Conclusions: The synergistic effect for M + E + D was significant and equivalent in potency to the full IP in both cell lines and resulted in a steroidogenic gene expression profile similar to or better than that of full IP, warranting further evaluation. Future in vivo evaluation of the combination of M + E + D (with removal of P from the IP regimen) may lower toxicity while maintaining anticancer efficacy in ACC.


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham F. El-Kased ◽  
Reham I. Amer ◽  
Dalia Attia ◽  
M. M. Elmazar

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee-Wai Wong ◽  
Beverley F. Kinnear ◽  
Radoslaw M. Sobota ◽  
Rajkumar Ramalingam ◽  
Catherine F. LeGrand ◽  
...  

SummaryThe long-term expansion of keratinocytes under serum- and feeder free conditions generally results in diminished proliferation and an increased commitment to terminal differentiation. Here we present a serum and xenogeneic feeder free culture system that retains the self-renewal capacity of primary human keratinocytes. In vivo, the tissue microenvironment is a major contributor to determining cell fate and a key component of the microenvironment is the extracellular matrix (ECM). Accordingly, acellular ECMs derived from human dermal fibroblasts, cultured under macromolecular crowding conditions to facilitate matrix deposition and organisation, were used as the basis for a xenogeneic-free keratinocyte expansion protocol. A phospholipase A2 decellularisation procedure produced matrices which, by proteomics analysis, resembled in composition the core matrix proteins of skin dermis. On these ECMs keratinocytes proliferated rapidly, retained their small size, expressed p63, did not express keratin 10 and rarely expressed keratin 16. Moreover, the colony forming efficiency of keratinocytes cultured on these acellular matrices was markedly enhanced. Collectively these data indicate that the dermal fibroblast-derived matrices support the in vitro expansion of keratinocytes that maintained stem-like characteristics under serum free conditions.


Planta Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Bauer ◽  
F Dehm ◽  
A Koeberle ◽  
F Pollastro ◽  
G Appendino ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
V. Ramadas ◽  
G. Chandralega

Sponges, exclusively are aquatic and mostly marine, are found from the deepest oceans to the edge of the sea. There are approximately 15,000 species of sponges in the world, of which, 150 occur in freshwater, but only about 17 are of commercial value. A total of 486 species of sponges have been identified in India. In the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay a maximum of 319 species of sponges have been recorded. It has been proved that marine organisms are excellent source of bioactive secondary metabolites and number of compounds of originated from marine organisms had been reported to possess in-vitro and in-vivo immuno stimulatory activity. Extracts from 20 sponge species were tested for bacterial symbionts and bioactive compounds were isolated from such associated bacterial species in the present study.


Author(s):  
Venu Madhav K ◽  
Somnath De ◽  
Chandra Shekar Bonagiri ◽  
Sridhar Babu Gummadi

Fenofibrate (FN) is used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. It shows poor dissolution and poor oral bioavailability after oral administration due to high liphophilicity and low aqueous solubility. Hence, solid dispersions (SDs) of FN (FN-SDs) were develop that might enhance the dissolution and subsequently oral bioavailability. FN-SDs were prepared by solvent casting method using different carriers (PEG 4000, PEG 6000, β cyclodextrin and HP β cyclodextrin) in different proportions (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% w/v). FN-SDs were evaluated solubility, assay and in vitro release studies for the optimization of SD formulation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed for crystalline and morphology analysis, respectively. Further, optimized FN-SD formulation evaluated for pharmacokinetic performance in Wistar rats, in vivo in comparison with FN suspension.  From the results, FN-SD3 and FN-SD6 have showed 102.9 ±1.3% and 105.5±3.1% drug release, respectively in 2 h. DSC and PXRD studies revealed that conversion of crystalline to amorphous nature of FN from FT-SD formulation. SEM studies revealed the change in the orientation of FN when incorporated in SDs. The oral bioavailability FN-SD3 and FN-SD6 formulations exhibited 2.5-folds and 3.1-folds improvement when compared to FN suspension as control. Overall, SD of FN could be considered as an alternative dosage form for the enhancement of oral delivery of poorly water-soluble FN.


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