SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine-induced humoral response and reactogenicity in individuals with prior COVID-19 disease

The ability of various B10 congenic resistant strains to respond to the alloantigen H-2.2 was tested. High and low antibody-producing strains were distinguished by their anti-H-2.2 hemagglutinating respones. However, these strains do not differ in their ability to respond to these antigenic differences in the mixed lymphocyte culture. The humoral response to the H-2.2 alloantigen was shown to be controlled by two interacting genes localized within the H-2 complex. Thus, F1 hybrids prepared between parental low responder strains could yield high level immune responses. In addition, strains bearing recombinant H-2 haplotypes were used to map the two distinct genes controlling the immune response. The alleles at each locus were shown to be highly polymorphic as evidenced by the asymmetric complementation patterns observed. The restricted interactions of specific alleles was termed coupled complementation. The significance of the results in the terms of mechanisms of Ir gene control are discussed.

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COVID-19 vaccination and antirheumatic therapy

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keab223 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jack Arnold ◽

Kevin Winthrop ◽

Paul Emery

Keyword(s):

Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Vaccine Response ◽

Antirheumatic Therapy ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Vaccine Responses ◽

History Of ◽

Humoral Responses ◽

Existing Data

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination will be the largest vaccination programme in the history of the NHS. Patients on immunosuppressive therapy will be among the earliest to be vaccinated. Some evidence indicates immunosuppressive therapy inhibits humoral response to the influenza, pneumococcal and hepatitis B vaccines. The degree to which this will translate to impaired COVID-19 vaccine responses is unclear. Other evidence suggests withholding MTX for 2 weeks post-vaccination may improve responses. Rituximab has been shown to impair humoral responses for 6 months or longer post-administration. Decisions on withholding or interrupting immunosuppressive therapy around COVID-19 vaccination will need to be made prior to the availability of data on specific COVID-19 vaccine response in these patients. With this in mind, this article outlines the existing data on the effect of antirheumatic therapy on vaccine responses in patients with inflammatory arthritis and formulates a possible pragmatic management strategy for COVID-19 vaccination.

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HUMORAL RESPONSE TO SARS-CoV-2 AND COVID-19 VACCINES IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS TREATED WITH IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION THERAPIES

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.msard.2021.103150 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103150

Author(s):

Jelena Drulovic ◽

Jovana Ivanovic ◽

Vanja Martinovic ◽

Olivera Tamas ◽

Nikola Veselinovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Immune Reconstitution ◽

Humoral Response

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Reduced humoral response to mRNA SARS‐Cov‐2 BNT162b2 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients without prior exposure to the virus. No cause for alarm

American Journal of Transplantation ◽

10.1111/ajt.16687 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sherif Mossad

Keyword(s):

Kidney Transplant ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Prior Exposure ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Kidney Transplant Recipients

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Long-Term Longitudinal Evaluation of Six Commercial Immunoassays for the Detection of IgM and IgG Antibodies against SARS CoV-2

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13071244 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1244

Author(s):

Iulia Nedelcu ◽

Raluca Jipa ◽

Roxana Vasilescu ◽

Cristian Băicuș ◽

Costin-Ioan Popescu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Performance ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Early Time ◽

Humoral Response ◽

High Specificity ◽

Data Interpretation ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽

Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽

Antibody Levels

The number of serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 has skyrocketed in the past year. Concerns have been raised regarding their performance characteristics, depending on the disease severity and the time of the analysis post-symptom onset (PSO). Thus, independent validations using an unbiased sample selection are required for meaningful serology data interpretation. We aimed to assess the clinical performance of six commercially available assays, the seroconversion, and the dynamics of the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study included 528 serum samples from 156 patients with follow-up visits up to six months PSO and 161 serum samples from healthy people. The IgG/total antibodies positive percentage increased and remained above 95% after six months when chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) IgG antiS1/S2 and electro-chemiluminescent assay (ECLIA) total antiNP were used. At early time points PSO, chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) IgM antiS achieved the best sensitivity. IgM and IgG appear simultaneously in most circumstances, and when performed in parallel the sensitivity increases. The severe and the moderate clinical forms were significantly associated with higher seropositivity percentage and antibody levels. High specificity was found in all evaluated assays, but the sensitivity was variable depending on the time PSO, severity of disease, detection method and targeted antigen.

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Intranasal Infection of Ferrets with SARS-CoV-2 as a Model for Asymptomatic Human Infection

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13010113 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Helen E. Everett ◽

Fabian Z. X. Lean ◽

Alexander M. P. Byrne ◽

Pauline M. van Diemen ◽

Shelley Rhodes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genomic Sequence ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Asymptomatic Infection ◽

Human Infection ◽

Viral Rna ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Infection Dynamics ◽

Genomic Sequence Analysis ◽

Upper Respiratory

Ferrets were experimentally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronavirus 2) to assess infection dynamics and host response. During the resulting subclinical infection, viral RNA was monitored between 2 and 21 days post-inoculation (dpi), and reached a peak in the upper respiratory cavity between 4 and 6 dpi. Viral genomic sequence analysis in samples from three animals identified the Y453F nucleotide substitution relative to the inoculum. Viral RNA was also detected in environmental samples, specifically in swabs of ferret fur. Microscopy analysis revealed viral protein and RNA in upper respiratory tract tissues, notably in cells of the respiratory and olfactory mucosae of the nasal turbinates, including olfactory neuronal cells. Antibody responses to the spike and nucleoprotein were detected from 21 dpi, but virus-neutralizing activity was low. A second intranasal inoculation (re-exposure) of two ferrets after a 17-day interval did not produce re-initiation of viral RNA shedding, but did amplify the humoral response in one animal. Therefore, ferrets can be experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 to model human asymptomatic infection.

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Rapid seroconversion and persistent functional IgG antibodies in severe COVID-19 patients correlates with an IL-12p70 and IL-33 signature

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83019-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ariel Munitz ◽

L. Edry-Botzer ◽

M. Itan ◽

R. Tur-Kaspa ◽

D. Dicker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleocapsid Protein ◽

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Host Response ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Receptor Binding Domain ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Viral Receptor ◽

Iga Antibodies

AbstractDespite ongoing efforts to characterize the host response toward SARS-CoV-2, a major gap in our knowledge still exists regarding the magnitude and duration of the humoral response. Analysis of the antibody response in mild versus moderate/severe patients, using our new developed quantitative electrochemiluminescent assay for detecting IgM/IgA/IgG antibodies toward SARS-CoV-2 antigens, revealed a rapid onset of IgG/IgA antibodies, specifically in moderate/severe patients. IgM antibodies against the viral receptor binding domain, but not against nucleocapsid protein, were detected at early stages of the disease. Furthermore, we observed a marked reduction in IgM/IgA antibodies over-time. Adapting our assay for ACE2 binding-competition, demonstrated that the presence of potentially neutralizing antibodies is corelated with IgG/IgA. Finally, analysis of the cytokine profile in COVID-19 patients revealed unique correlation of an IL-12p70/IL33 and IgG seroconversion, which correlated with disease severity. In summary, our comprehensive analysis has major implications on the understanding and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infections.

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Multicompartmental Lipopolyplex as Vehicle for Antigens and Genes Delivery in Vaccine Formulations

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13020281 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 281

Author(s):

Isaías Sanmartín ◽

Luis Sendra ◽

Inés Moret ◽

María José Herrero ◽

Salvador F. Aliño

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Vaccine Research ◽

Current Vaccine ◽

Humoral Antibodies ◽

Melanoma Model ◽

Gd3 Ganglioside ◽

Lipid Antigen ◽

Simultaneous Delivery

Vector design and its characterization is an area of great interest in current vaccine research. In this article, we have formulated and characterized a multicompartmental lipopolyplex, which associates multiple liposomes and polyplexes in the same complex. These particles allow the simultaneous delivery of lipid or water-soluble antigens associated with genes to the same cell, in much higher amounts than conventional lipopolyplexes. The vector characterization and optimization were carried out using liposomes with entrapped carboxyfluorescein and adapted electrophoretic assays. Two types of lipopolyplexes (containing hydrophilic or lipophilic antigens) were employed to evaluate their interest in vaccination. The lipopolyplex loaded with an extract of water-soluble melanoma proteins proved to efficiently induce humoral response in murine melanoma model, increasing the levels of IgM and IgG. The specificity of the immune response induced by the lipopolyplex was demonstrated in mice with the lipopolyplex containing the GD3 ganglioside lipid antigen, abundant in melanoma cells. The levels of anti-GD3 IgG increased markedly without modifying the expression of humoral antibodies against other gangliosides.

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The Leishmania infantum Acidic Ribosomal Protein P0 Administered as a DNA Vaccine Confers Protective Immunity to Leishmania major Infection in BALB/c Mice

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.71.11.6562-6572.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (11) ◽

pp. 6562-6572 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Salvador Iborra ◽

Manuel Soto ◽

Javier Carrión ◽

Ana Nieto ◽

Edgar Fernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Protein ◽

Leishmania Infantum ◽

Leishmania Major ◽

Parasite Burden ◽

Immunological Response ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Immunogenic Properties ◽

Ribosomal Protein P0 ◽

Acidic Ribosomal Protein

ABSTRACT In this study, we examined the immunogenic properties of the Leishmania infantum acidic ribosomal protein P0 (LiP0) in the BALB/c mouse model. The humoral and cellular responses induced by the administration of the LiP0 antigen, either as soluble recombinant LiP0 (rLiP0) or as a plasmid DNA formulation (pcDNA3-LiP0), were determined. Also, the immunological response associated with a prime-boost strategy, consisting of immunization with pcDNA3-LiP0 followed by a boost with rLiP0, was assayed. Immunization with rLiP0 induced a predominant Th2-like humoral response, but no anti-LiP0 antibodies were induced after immunization with pcDNA3-LiP0, whereas a strong humoral response consisting of a mixed immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a)-IgG1 isotype profile was induced in mice immunized with the prime-boost regime. For all three immunization protocols, rLiP0-stimulated production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in both splenocytes and lymph node cells from immunized mice was observed. However, it was only when mice were immunized with pcDNA3-LiP0 that noticeable protection against L. major infection was achieved, as determined by both lesion development and parasite burden. Immunization of mice with LiP0-DNA primes both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which, with the L. major challenge, were boosted to produce significant levels of IL-12-dependent, antigen-specific IFN-γ. Taken together, these data indicate that genetic vaccination with LiP0 induces protective immunological effector mechanisms, yet the immunological response elicited by LiP0 is not sufficient to keep the infection from progressing.

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