scholarly journals Evacuation Behavior in a Subway Train Emergency: A Video-based Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 001391652110311
Author(s):  
Richard Philpot ◽  
Mark Levine
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Evacuation Behavior ◽  
Subway Train

How do people behave in the seconds after they become aware they have been caught up in a real-life transport emergency? This paper presents the first micro-behavioral, video-based analysis of the behavior of passengers during a small explosion and subsequent fire on a subway train. We analyzed the behavior of 40 passengers present in the same carriage as the explosion. We documented the first action of the passengers following the onset of the emergency and described evidence of pro- and anti-social behavior. Passengers’ first actions varied widely. Moreover, anti-social behavior was rare and displays of pro-sociality were more common. In a quantitative analysis, we examined spatial clustering of running behavior and patterns in passenger exit choices. We found both homogeneity and heterogeneity in the running behavior and exiting choices of passengers. We discuss the implications of these findings for the mass emergency literature and for evacuation modeling.

The Sense of Nonsense in Fielding's Author's Farce

1982 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Susan K. Ahern
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Deceptive Behavior ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Way

Henry Fielding's Author's Farce, performed forty-one times in the spring and summer of 1730, was the hit of London's theatrical season. In this, his third play, Fielding turned away from the stylized realism of his Love in Several Masques (1728) and The Temple Beau (1730). In the earlier plays, and indeed throughout his career, he perceived and judged social behavior by comparing people who play roles in daily life to actors who assume roles on stage; in particular, he scrutinized the theatrical rituals and fashionable deceit of courting couples. By adopting the techniques of burlesque in The Author's Farce, he exposes simultaneously the false roles of courtship in daily life and the way that the theatre itself portrays such love-making. Understanding the technique by which Fielding criticizes courtship clearly reveals his larger purpose — to criticize the deceptive behavior and mercenary values, implicit in the stage's conventions, which the theatre fosters and endorses in real life.

scholarly journals MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENGENAL KONSEP POLA MELALUI MEDIA REALIA PADA ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Ahma Nur Aisyah ◽  
Siti Wahyuningsih ◽  
Novita Eka Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Interactive Model ◽  
Classroom Action Research ◽  
Early Chilhood

<p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal konsep pola melalui media realia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tidakan kelas dilaksanakan selama dua siklus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia 4-5 tahun dengan jumlah 12 anak yang terdiri dari 7 perempuan dan 5 laki-laki. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif deskriptif komparatif dan analisis kualitatif model interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa melalui media realia, anak dapat menemukan pola ABC-ABC, melanjutkan pola AABB-AABB, meniru pola ABB-ABB, dan menyalin pola ABBB-ABBB. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan pada kemampuan mengenal konsep pola melalui media realia, yaitu persentase ketuntasan pada pratindakan sebesar 41,67%, peningkatan kemampuan mengenal konsep pola pada siklus I sebesar 58,33 ditandai dengan anak yang sudah memperhatikan guru dan menyelesaikan tugas dengan media realia. Peningkatan pada siklus II sebesar 83,33%, anak dengan mudah menemukan benda yang hilang pada pola ABC-ABC. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah melalui media realia dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal konsep pola pada anak usia 4-5 tahun. </p><p align="left"> </p><p><strong>Kata kunci: </strong>Konsep pola, media realia, anak usia 4-5 tahun</p><p align="left"> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><em>This study aim</em><em>ed</em><em> to improve the ability to recognize the concept of patterns through </em><em>real life materials</em><em>. This type of research is classroom action research carried out for two cycles. Subjects in this study were children aged 4-5 years with a total of 12 children consisting of 7 girls and 5 boys. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews, tests, and documentation. Data analysis in this study uses comparative descriptive quantitative analysis and interactive model qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that through </em><em>real life materials</em><em>, children can find ABC-ABC patterns, continue AABB-AABB patterns, imitate ABB-ABB patterns, and copy ABBB-ABBB patterns. The results of this study indicate there is an increase in the ability to recognize the concept of patterns through </em><em>real life materials</em><em>, namely the percentage of completeness in pre-action by 41.67%, an increase in the ability to recognize the concept of the pattern in the first cycle of 58.33 marked by children who have paid attention to the teacher and completed the task with the </em><em>real life materials</em><em>. Increased in the second cycle of 83.33%, children easily find missing </em><em>object</em><em> in the ABC-ABC pattern. The conclusion of this study is that through </em><em>real life materials</em><em> can improve the ability to recognize the concept of patterns in children aged 4-5 years.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Concept of pattern, real life materials, early chilhood</em></p><p> </p>

Clinical neuroscience and psychosocial rehabilitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S374-S374
Author(s):  
A.G. Vaccaro ◽  
F. Manfrin ◽  
C. Zoppellaro ◽  
A. Catania
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Real ◽  
Relational Competence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Functioning

There is a physical world and a world of meanings, symbols and social relationships. Neuroscience considers brain as a biological machine. Social science studies the human relationships.Nowadays we know cerebral processes underlying several aspects of social behavior.Cerebral damages or dysfunctions can influence the social behavior, as well as the social experiences can shape the development, structuring and functioning of the brain and, consequently, condition the further responses of the individuals to the social events. Humans are embodied subject. In an objective sense we are bodies with a brain, in a subjective sense we are individuals in a social world. This is a relevant matter for all the medical sciences, not only for psychiatry.The real-life functioning of individuals with schizophrenia shows deficits in several daily-life abilities, in social relationships and in the work activities. According to literature and clinical practice, basic criterions are: bio-psycho-social vulnerability, stressful life events, coping strategies as well as social and relational competence.Neurocognitive activity shows a straight correlation, albeit indirect, with the real-life functioning. Positive symptoms, negative symptoms and disorganized behavior can considerably influence the real-life functioning. While social and relational competence, the general functioning and resilience are protective factors that can positively condition real-life functioning. Moreover, welfare services (i.e. assisted job placement; disability subsidies; etc.) and a good family and social network can considerably influence the results.According to the results above, we can affirm the importance to adopt integrated and personalized therapeutic-rehabilitative program for the treatment of schizophrenia and other serious mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals A Method for Studying Social Actors

2000 ◽  
pp. 900-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaine Touraine
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Data Correlations ◽  
Economic Studies

So little agreement exists on what constitutes sociology that it seems impossible to de?ne its speci?c methods. We can however proceed through a series of eliminations. Light has been shed on many types of social behavior as economic studies have taken more interest in issues of social strati?cation and mobility or in consumer behavior, and as they increasingly incorporate elaborate quantitative analysis into this type of data. Correlations between social statuses and social behavior tell us about the logic of the system, yet not about that of the actors. Hence, we must imagine other methods in order to reach the actor as an autonomous being, as an agent of transformation of his environment and of his own situation, as a creator of imaginary worlds, as capable of referring to absolute values or of being involved in love relations.

scholarly journals A Matter of Principles: Empirical Treatments of Translation Principles – A Case Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Design Research Methodology ◽  
Translation Principles

Abstract In this paper, the author will discuss findings of an investigation into the real life experiences of 21 trainee translators with two types of translation principles, one that is biased towards the source text and its author and the other biased towards the translation and the translator. The investigation centred on the translators’ preferences of principles, rationalization of their preferences, their difficulty in tackling the principles via a translation task and their strategies for coping with the difficulties. The author believes that this investigation is the first of its kind in translation studies as it examines practitioners of principles rather than the principles themselves and, therefore, it warrants special attention. Readers will find in this paper summary discussions about research design, research methodology, a brief quantitative analysis, detailed qualititative analyses and a case study.

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing neuroscience: inter-brain coupling during face-to-face interactions outside the laboratory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Dikker ◽  
Georgios Michalareas ◽  
Matthias Oostrik ◽  
Amalia Serafimaki ◽  
Hasibe Melda Kahraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
General Public ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Alpha 7

ABSTRACTWhen we feel connected or engaged during social behavior, are our brains in fact “in sync” in a formal, quantifiable sense? Most studies addressing this question use highly controlled tasks with homogenous subject pools. In an effort to take a more naturalistic approach, we collaborated with art institutions to crowd-source neuroscience data: Over the course of 5 years, we collected electroencephalogram (EEG) data from thousands of museum and festival visitors who volunteered to engage in a 10-minute face-to-face interaction. Pairs of participants with various levels of familiarity sat inside the Mutual Wave Machine—an art/science neurofeedback installation that uses Brain-Computer Interface technology (BCI) to translate real-time correlations of each pair’s EEG activity into light patterns. Because such inter-participant EEG correlations are prone to noise contamination, in subsequent offline analyses we computed inter-brain synchrony using Imaginary Coherence and Projected Power Correlations, two synchrony metrics that are largely immune to instantaneous, noise-driven correlations. When applying these methods to two subsets of recorded data with the most consistent protocols, we found that pairs’ trait empathy, social closeness, engagement, and social behavior (joint action and eye contact) consistently predicted the extent to which their brain activity became synchronized, most prominently in low alpha (∼7-10 Hz) and beta (∼20-22 Hz) oscillations. These findings support an account where shared engagement and joint action drive coupled neural activity and behavior during dynamic, naturalistic social interactions. To our knowledge, this work constitutes a first demonstration that an interdisciplinary, real-world, crowdsourcing neuroscience approach may provide a promising method to collect large, rich datasets pertaining to real-life face-to-face interactions. Additionally, it is a demonstration of how the general public can participate and engage in the scientific process outside of the laboratory. Institutions such as museums, galleries, or any other organization where the public actively engages out of self-motivation, can help facilitate this type of citizen science research, and support the collection of large datasets under scientifically controlled experimental conditions. To further enhance the public interest for the out-of-the-lab experimental approach, the data and results of this study are disseminated through a website tailored to the general public (wp.nyu.edu/mutualwavemachine).

scholarly journals The Effect of Loneliness on Social Networking Sites Use and Its Related Behaviors

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Ranaeiy ◽  
Mohammad Reza Taghavi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Goodarzi
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>The current research was conducted to examine the effect of “Loneliness”, on time spent in Social Networking Sites (S.N.S), main reasons for S.N.S use, and its related behaviors.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: </strong>156 students of Shiraz University voluntarily participated in this research. Loneliness was assessed usingthe UCLA Loneliness scale. 25% of highest scoring students reported that they were lonely whereas 25% of the lowest scoring students were considered to be non-lonely. The positive and negative reasons of using S.N.S were assessed based on Reasons for Internet Use Scale, and internet behaviors were assessed based on Scale of Internet Behaviors.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>There was no difference in time spent in S.N.S as well as the positive and negative reasons of using S.N.S (contrary to literature), but internet behaviors showed a significant difference between “lonely” and “non-lonely” individuals. “Lonely” and “non-lonely” individuals showed a significant difference in “social aspect” of S.N.S behaviors. There was also a significant difference between “Lonely” and “non-Lonely” individuals in “Negative impact” of S.N.S behaviors. Yet, there seemed to be no difference in “competency and convenience aspect” of S.N.S behaviors.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>This study suggested that there is no difference between lonely and non-lonely individuals in reasons for using S.N.S and time spent in S.N.S. This finding stands contrary to previous research findings and general literature on the subject In other words, what drives people to S.N.S at the first place shows no significant difference between lonely and non-lonely individuals while after attending S.N.S, social behavior of lonely individuals shows a significant difference which is consistently enhanced online. Lonely people also significantly develop internet-related problems in their daily functioning, including interference with real life socializing.</p>

scholarly journals Affiliative behavior in Williams syndrome: Social perception and real-life social behavior

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 2110-2119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Järvinen-Pasley ◽  
Ralph Adolphs ◽  
Anna Yam ◽  
Kiley J. Hill ◽  
Mark Grichanik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Williams Syndrome ◽  
Social Perception ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Affiliative Behavior

An Improved Quantitative Image Analyser

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
J.P. Fallon ◽  
P.J. Gregory ◽  
C.J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Image Analyser ◽  
Automatic Methods ◽  
Quantitative Results

Quantitative image analysis systems have been used for several years in research and quality control applications in various fields including metallurgy and medicine. The technique has been applied as an extension of subjective microscopy to problems requiring quantitative results and which are amenable to automatic methods of interpretation.Feature extraction. In the most general sense, a feature can be defined as a portion of the image which differs in some consistent way from the background. A feature may be characterized by the density difference between itself and the background, by an edge gradient, or by the spatial frequency content (texture) within its boundaries. The task of feature extraction includes recognition of features and encoding of the associated information for quantitative analysis.Quantitative Analysis. Quantitative analysis is the determination of one or more physical measurements of each feature. These measurements may be straightforward ones such as area, length, or perimeter, or more complex stereological measurements such as convex perimeter or Feret's diameter.

Quantification of Silica Uptake by Alveolar Macrophages - An Emperical Scanning Electron Microprobe Method

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
V. V. Damiano ◽  
R. P. Daniele ◽  
H. T. Tucker ◽  
J. H. Dauber
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Calibration Standards ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

An important example of intracellular particles is encountered in silicosis where alveolar macrophages ingest inspired silica particles. The quantitation of the silica uptake by these cells may be a potentially useful method for monitoring silica exposure. Accurate quantitative analysis of ingested silica by phagocytic cells is difficult because the particles are frequently small, irregularly shaped and cannot be visualized within the cells. Semiquantitative methods which make use of particles of known size, shape and composition as calibration standards may be the most direct and simplest approach to undertake. The present paper describes an empirical method in which glass microspheres were used as a model to show how the ratio of the silicon Kα peak X-ray intensity from the microspheres to that of a bulk sample of the same composition correlated to the mass of the microsphere contained within the cell. Irregular shaped silica particles were also analyzed and a calibration curve was generated from these data.

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