Market and Institutional Determinants of Wage Differentiation in Russia

ILR Review ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Competitive Labor Market

Using a range of official and survey data, the author evaluates the relative success of two approaches—competitive labor market theory and industrial relations theory/institutional economics—in explaining wage determination in Russia. Following a review of the analysis of wage determination by an influential team of World Bank economists, the author shows that increased wage inequality in Russia is dominated by inequality within occupational categories within local labor markets. Such inequality, he suggests, is primarily associated with inter-firm differences in wage levels, rather than barriers to labor mobility or differences in “human capital.” Such a pattern of differentiation entirely accords with the analyses of those institutional economists and industrial relations theorists who stress the role of the wage in regulating and motivating the labor force above its role in securing labor market equilibrium. The paper concludes by outlining the institutional framework of wage determination that underlies the observed results.

scholarly journals What type of economy Russia needs

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Kochurova ◽  
Yu. N. Kleshchevskiy ◽  
E. I. Kharlampenkov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Market Management

The article proves inevitability of market management of national economy. The authors introduced in academic circulation such notions as ‘business market’ and ‘developed market.’ Serious attention is paid to the role of private property in life of society and organization of national economy. Drawbacks of national economy management in soviet times were shown, incompetence of party leaders was highlighted and this resulted in the fact that ways of coordinating industrial relations with economic laws were not found. The soviet power was not able to use market laws in the interests of the country. Party leaders were not eager to understand the market theory, as market was denied. Reforms were ineffective due to this reason. Today Russia is facing the necessity to choose strategy for the future: it could be an inertial way of neo-liberal reforms and degradation of scientific potential or mobilization of intellectual resources aiming at economy restructuring on the basis of developed market with the leading role of state. The quality of state governance can help renew social sphere, achieve sustainable growth in the standard of living, where the leading role will belong to science of life, man and society.

The Gender Wage Gap: A Comparison of Australia and Canada

ILR Review ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Kidd ◽  
Michael Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Labor Market Institutions ◽  
Market Experience ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Labour Market Activity

Using data from the 1989 Canadian Labour Market Activity Survey and, for Australia, the 1989–90 Income Distribution Survey, the authors investigate the reasons for the significantly lower gender wage gap in Australia than in Canada. Key similarities and differences between these two countries, the authors argue, make them a good basis for a “natural experiment” to investigate the effects of different labor market institutions. In particular, Australia has a stronger union movement and a greater degree of centralization in wage determination than Canada, and most of its workers are covered by legally binding minimum working conditions. The authors conclude that several differences between the countries in labor market structure—notably, a lower rate of return to education, a lower rate of return to labor market experience, and a lower level of wage inequality in Australia than in Canada—are largely responsible for the smaller gender wage gap in Australia.

Institutions for Wage Determination in the EU and Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 188-203
Author(s):  
Gürdal Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Wage Floor ◽  
The Eu

This study provides information on wage floor determining institutions, the statutory minimum wages, and collective bargaining agreements, in the EU countries to examine differences and commonalities of these institutions between the EU countries and Turkey. The interaction between these institutions and the labor market performance of the EU Member States and Turkey is also investigated. Therefore, the minimum wage levels and the collective bargaining coverage with the labor market indicators, namely the wage inequality measured with D1/D9 ratio and the incidence of low-wage workers, are compared. Findings indicate that the wage inequality and the incidence of low-wage workers are relatively lower in the countries with comprehensive collective bargaining systems characterized by high rates of collective bargaining coverage and union density. Turkey is one of the countries with the highest wage inequality compared to the EU countries. Improving the coverage rate of collective bargaining might help to reduce wage inequality.

scholarly journals Demand for Labor and Market Theory of Wage Determination

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hu Kao
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Economics ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Market Theory

This economics is not merely economics but also discusses about many spheres of the labors. Labor economics look out to recognize the dynamics and functions of the markets of labor. The labor market function is by the interaction and dealing of employers and workers. Labor economics tries to understand the result pattern of income, employment and wages by looking at the workers or employs and labor is the measurement of the work that is done by the human beings. Usually, there is dissimilarity in labor economics and other aspects of production such as capital and land. In this article we will discuss about the spheres of this field of economics.

scholarly journals Sorting in the Labor Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Eeckhout
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Organization ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Firm Dynamics ◽  
Firm Productivity ◽  
Equilibrium Allocation ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Market Trends

This review surveys the literature on sorting in the labor market. There are inherent differences in worker ability and across-firm productivity. Two fundamental questions are whether the exact composition of skills of workers and productivity of firms affects output and how this composition determines the equilibrium allocation of workers within a firm and between firms. There has been a surge of research investigating the causes and consequences of the process of allocation of heterogeneous workers to firms. The focus in this review is on theory that sheds light on open questions in macroeconomics, labor, and industrial organization, with a particular emphasis on the role of firm size. Those models allow us to infer from the observed sorting patterns (who matches with whom) what the underlying technological determinants are and how they have evolved in recent decades. Furthermore, they help us understand the technological origins of important labor market trends, such as the increase in wage inequality and the change in labor market and firm dynamics.

IMF, World Bank, and the European Union With the Perspective of New Institutional Economics

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-238
Author(s):  
Havanur Ergün Tatar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Institutional Determinants ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

According to New Institutional Economics, the GDP per capita has significantly improved in the countries where the institutional quality has been improved. In addition to this information, the increase in the quality of institutional determinants has positive effect on economic performance. In this chapter, after the structures of IMF, World Bank, and European Union have been discussed, the governance debate will be made on the aforementioned institutional. Concepts about new institutional economics are discussed, as are the improvement of institutional quality and the relationship of economic development within the frame of IMF, World Bank, and European Union.

Business-groups in Russian industries

2004 ◽  
pp. 121-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Avdasheva
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Organization ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
Control Rights ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Soviet Economic System

The chapter of “Institutional Economics” textbook is devoted to the development of business-groups as a specific feature of industrial organization in the Russian economy. The main determinants of forming and functioning of business-groups such as allocation of property rights in Soviet enterprises, networks of directors and executive authorities in the Soviet economic system as well as import of new institutes and inefficient state enforcement are in the center of analysis. Origins, structure, organization and management within the groups and the role of shareholding and informal control rights are considered.

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