scholarly journals Evaluation of Health Equity Impact of Structural Policies

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton E. Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Health Inequalities

This article briefly assesses the research methods that were applied in the SOPHIE project to evaluate the impact of structural policies on population health and health inequalities. The evaluation of structural policies is one of the key methodological challenges in today’s public health. The experience in the SOPHIE project was that mixed methods are essential to identify, understand, and predict the health impact of structural policies. On the one hand, quantitative studies that included spatial comparisons or time trend analyses, preferably in a quasi-experimental design, showed that some structural policies were associated with improved population health and smaller health inequalities. On the other hand, qualitative studies, often inspired by realist approaches, were important to understand how these policies could have achieved the observed impact and why they would succeed in some settings but fail in others. This review ends with five recommendations for future studies that aim to evaluate, understand, and predict how health inequalities can be reduced through structural policies.

The Impact of Income-Based Policies on Population Health and Health Inequalities in Scotland: A Modelling Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Richardson ◽  
Lynda Fenton ◽  
Jane Parkinson ◽  
Andrew Pulford ◽  
Martin Taulbut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Health Inequalities ◽  
Modelling Study

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of a new tobacco product: review of Philip Morris International’s Population Health Impact Model as applied to the IQOS heated tobacco product

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s82-s86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy B Max ◽  
Hai-Yen Sung ◽  
James Lightwood ◽  
Yingning Wang ◽  
Tingting Yao
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
New Product ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Impact Model ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesWe review the Population Health Impact Model (PHIM) developed by Philip Morris International and used in its application to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market its heated tobacco product (HTP), IQOS, as a modified-risk tobacco product (MRTP). We assess the model against FDA guidelines for MRTP applications and consider more general criteria for evaluating reduced-risk tobacco products.MethodsIn assessing the PHIM against FDA guidelines, we consider two key components of the model: the assumptions implicit in the model (outcomes included, relative harm of the new product vs cigarettes, tobacco-related diseases considered, whether dual or polyuse of the new product is modelled, and what other tobacco products are included) and data used to estimate and validate model parameters (transition rates between non-smoking, cigarette-only smoking, dual use of cigarettes and MRTP, and MRTP-only use; and starting tobacco use prevalence).ResultsThe PHIM is a dynamic state transition model which models the impact of cigarette and MRTP use on mortality from four tobacco-attributable diseases. The PHIM excludes morbidity, underestimates mortality, excludes tobacco products other than cigarettes, does not include FDA-recommended impacts on non-users and underestimates the impact on other population groups.ConclusionThe PHIM underestimates the health impact of HTP products and cannot be used to justify an MRTP claim. An assessment of the impact of a potential MRTP on population health should include a comprehensive measure of health impacts, consideration of all groups impacted, and documented and justifiable assumptions regarding model parameters.

The effects of an urban renewal project on health and health inequalities: a quasi-experimental study in Barcelona

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshanak Mehdipanah ◽  
Maica Rodríguez-Sanz ◽  
Davide Malmusi ◽  
Carles Muntaner ◽  
Elia Díez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Renewal Project ◽  
Health And Health Inequalities ◽  
Urban Renewal Project
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