Evaluating the Impact of “Old” Criminal Conviction Decision Guidelines on Subsequent Employment and Arrest Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Denver
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Background Check ◽  
Criminal Background ◽  
Market Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Redemption scholars estimate that after an average of 7-10 years pass without a new arrest or conviction, a person’s criminal record essentially loses its predictive value. This article provides the first labor market and recidivism estimates of implementing a criminal background check decision guideline based on this redemption research. Methods: The sample consists of provisionally hired job applicants in New York State’s healthcare industry with at least one prior conviction. A “10 years since last conviction” guideline situated within a highly formalized criminal background check process plausibly creates conditional random variation in clearance decisions, which allows for a regression model to estimate causal effects. Results: Individuals cleared to work because of the 10-year guideline experience meaningful improvements in employment and earnings, but not recidivism on average. However, men do experience reductions in subsequent arrests, which appears to be driven by more complex factors beyond simply time since last arrest. Conclusions: For some individuals, receiving clearance to work even a decade after their last conviction can have not only labor market benefits, but also important recidivism implications. Future research should explore the employment opportunity/recidivism trade-off in adjusting guideline threshold values and consider alternative redemption strategies.

Roundtable Discussion of the Impact of the 4th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Robyn J. Barst ◽  
Marc Humbert ◽  
Ivan M. Robbins ◽  
Lewis J. Rubin ◽  
Robyn J. Park
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Maryland School ◽  
The Impact

A discussion among attendees of the 4th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension took place to share “an insider's look” into the current and future research and treatment implications in pulmonary hypertension. Myung H. Park, MD, guest editor of this issue of Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Director, Pulmonary Vascular Diseases Program, Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, moderated the discussion. Participants included Robyn Barst, MD, Professor Emerita, Columbia University, New York; Marc Humbert, MD, PhD, Universite Paris-Sud, French Referal Center for Pulmonary Hypertension, Hopital Antoine-Beclere, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Clamart, France; Ivan Robbins, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and Lewis J. Rubin, MD, Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego.

scholarly journals Parenting Satisfaction Among Homeless Caregivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binta Alleyne-Green ◽  
Alex Kulick ◽  
Kendra P. DeLoach McCutcheon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Parenting Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Homeless Families ◽  
Black Parents ◽  
Parenting Satisfaction ◽  
Stress Study ◽  
Urban Sample ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Homeless Parents

This study explored the impact of parenting satisfaction and shelter comfort on depression and parenting stress among an urban sample of homeless caregivers residing in New York City. This research provides a new understanding of the impact that parenting satisfaction and shelter comfort has on depression and stress on homeless parents ( n = 201). Linear regression results indicated that parenting satisfaction and shelter environment were the biggest influencers of homeless families experiencing more or less parenting stress. Black parents reported significantly lower rates of parenting stress than their non-Black counterparts. Results also indicated that, as parents become more satisfied with their parenting and feel more comfortable at the shelter, they experienced fewer depressive symptoms. We also found that when parents were satisfied with their parenting, they experienced less parenting stress. Study limitations and future research are also discussed.

The impact of representation media on customer engagement in tourism marketing among millennials

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1988-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Willems ◽  
Malaika Brengman ◽  
Helena Van Kerrebroeck
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourism Marketing ◽  
Tourism Information ◽  
Travel Industry ◽  
The Impact

Purpose As online travel marketing is evermore gaining importance, in particular regarding the pre-purchase presentation of travel destinations, it is imperative to examine how various media can engage consumers. The purpose of this paper is to identify how three prominent virtual representation media in tourism marketing differ regarding their potential in engaging customers. In particular, the authors examine whether they differ in the levels of interactivity, vividness and telepresence they elicit; and the impact of these dimensions on flow, enjoyment and online purchase intentions. The authors hereby focus specifically on millennials, who represent an important target market for the travel industry and are hard to reach via traditional media. Design/methodology/approach This study presents a between-subjects experimental design comparing three virtual representation media portraying New York City, namely, photographs, 360° video and virtual reality (VR). The findings are analysed with ANCOVA analysis and PLS path modelling. Findings The findings reveal that various media indeed generate different levels of customer engagement. In particular, VR scores the highest on all dimensions, with interactivity having the largest effect on consumers’ perception of telepresence. Such higher levels of telepresence in turn positively affect purchase intentions via mediation through flow and enjoyment. Research limitations/implications Future research should examine whether these findings are impacted by moderators, like consumer characteristics (e.g. socio-demographics, personality traits) and destination types. Practical implications This study provides guidelines for tourism providers seeking to promote their sites in innovative and effective ways, in the anticipatory stage of the customer journey. Originality/value This study identifies interactivity as the most important driver for consumers’ perception of telepresence in the context of pre-travel tourism information. Moreover, the findings also reveal the mechanisms behind enhanced customer engagement via various media.

The Impact of Counsel at First Appearance on Pretrial Release in Felony Arraignments: The Case of Rural Jurisdictions

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-856
Author(s):  
Alissa Pollitz Worden ◽  
Reveka V. Shteynberg ◽  
Kirstin A. Morgan ◽  
Andrew L. B. Davies
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pretrial Release ◽  
Court Reform ◽  
Upstate New York ◽  
Rural Counties ◽  
Mixed Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Expected Outcomes

This article examines the impact of early provision of counsel on judges’ pretrial release and bail decisions in two rural counties in upstate New York, in cases involving felony charges. This study builds upon previously reported research on misdemeanor cases. We note that although the stakes are higher in felony cases, few studies have investigated the dynamics of first appearance decisions at either level. We investigate the hypotheses that when defendants are represented by attorneys at their first appearances in court, (a) judges are more inclined to release on recognizance or under supervision, (b) judges impose less restrictive bail amounts, and (c) as a consequence, defendants spend less time detained prior to disposition. We find mixed support for these hypotheses, although some evidence that counsel at first appearance (CAFA) produces the expected outcomes. We conclude that the implementation of programs intended to ensure CAFA may be tempered by courthouse cultures, and that future research on court reform should include the study of rural jurisdictions.

Perspective: The Community Barometer: A Breast Health Needs Assessment Tool for Community-Based Organizations

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 558-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lounsbury ◽  
Bruce Rapkin ◽  
Lisa Marini ◽  
Elizabeth Jansky ◽  
Mary Jane Massie
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Breast Health ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
The Impact

This article presents findings from the ACCESS Project focusing on the impact of an outreach initiative that used “data sharing” as a mechanism to establish a wide variety of academic–community partnerships for cancer awareness. The Community Barometer, a brief needs assessment tool developed for this purpose, was used to collect data from clients, and sometimes staff members, of a variety of community-based organizations in New York City. Over a 5-year period, Barometer data were collected from 1,001 women who were affiliated with 20 community-based organizations. Analysis of these data supported our hypothesis that community-based organizations are more likely than chance to serve women with similar needs and preferences for breast health education and screening and that customized or tailored programs were warranted. Four case studies are presented. Limitations of the instrument and its administration in community settings as well as future research objectives are discussed.

Unexpected Arrivals

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilyn Ruble Whitesell ◽  
Leanna Stiefel ◽  
Amy Ellen Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
English Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

Across the country and in urban areas in particular, many students change schools during the academic year. While much research documents the impact of changing schools on the academic achievement of mobile students themselves, less research explores whether new arrivals have negative spillovers on stable classmates. The lack of research on impacts of mid-year entry is problematic, as poor, minority, and low-achieving students are disproportionately exposed to mid-year entry. In this study, we use a rigorous causal identification strategy and rich longitudinal data on fourth- through eighth-grade students in the New York City (NYC) public schools to estimate the impact of exposure to mid-year entry on the achievement of stable students. We analyze heterogeneous effects of mid-year entrants by origin (arriving from other NYC public schools, from other U.S. school systems, or from other countries), determine the extent to which mid-year entrants’ characteristics mediate the impact of mid-year entry, and explore the moderating influence of stable students’ characteristics. We find small negative effects of mid-year entry on both math and English language arts test scores in the short run. These impacts are not driven by mid-year entrant characteristics and are somewhat larger for Asian students and those who do not qualify for free or reduced-price lunch. Finally, results suggest mid-year entry continues to negatively influence the math performance of stable students beyond the year of exposure. We discuss the relevance of results and conclude with recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals Weather Effects on Social Movements: Evidence from Washington, D.C., and New York City, 1960–95

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Huiquan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
York City ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Scholars have been taking the impact of weather on social movements for granted for some time, despite a lack of supporting empirical evidence. This paper takes the topic more seriously, analyzing more than 7000 social movement events and 36 years of weather records in Washington, D.C., and New York City (1960–95). Here, “good weather” is defined as midrange temperature and little to no precipitation. This paper uses negative binomial regression models to predict the number of social movements per day and finds social movements are more likely to happen on good days than bad, with seasonal patterns controlled for. Results from logistic regression models indicate violence occurs more frequently at social movement events when it is warmer. Most interestingly, the effect of weather is more salient when there are more political opportunities and resources available. This paper discusses the implications and suggests future research on weather and social movement studies.

scholarly journals A NEW FUNCTION OF PRISON INDUSTRY AND PRIVATE PRISONS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Emil Turković
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
State Government ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prison Labor ◽  
Penal Reform ◽  
The Impact

In the 1990s, various countries had a different approach to the problems related to prisoners’ labor. In the United States, the concept of prison labor could survive only in such developed states as New York, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts which could cope with the burden of keeping unproductive prisons. Under the impact of the penal reform and upon the adoption of new penal legislation in these states, the old American tradition of labor prisons gave way to a new standard which implied that convicted offenders had to learn different crafts while in prison but they were excluded from the public labor market when at large. The new industrial program, which was thus engendered, has significantly contributed to spreading the reformist functions of prison labor. Organized prison labor had always been strongly supported by penal reformers in the north of the United States but, in the mid-1980s, as the penal reformers moved away from that part of the United States, the concept of organized prison labor no longer had a significant political and legislative impact. The influence of penal reformers and the idea of instituting convict labor (but without competition in the labor market) had a strong influence on government politicians both at the federal and state government levels. The reformers endeavored to ensure the prisoners’ welfare and enable all prisoners to work and participate in the labor market as competitive workforce, both by leasing their labor and through the sale of final products on the free market.

Resolving conflict creatively: Evaluating the developmental effects of a school-based violence prevention program in neighborhood and classroom context

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. LAWRENCE ABER ◽  
STEPHANIE M. JONES ◽  
JOSHUA L. BROWN ◽  
NINA CHAUDRY ◽  
FAITH SAMPLES
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
New York ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Impact

This study evaluated the short-term impact of a school-based violence prevention initiative on developmental processes thought to place children at risk for future aggression and violence and examined the influence of classroom and neighborhood contexts on the effectiveness of the violence prevention initiative. Two waves of developmental data (fall and spring) were analyzed from the 1st year of the evaluation of the Resolving Conflict Creatively Program (RCCP), which includes 5053 children from grades two to six from 11 elementary schools in New York City. Three distinct profiles of exposure to the intervention were derived from Management Information System (MIS) data on between classroom differences in teacher Training and Coaching in RCCP, Classroom Instruction in RCCP, and percentages of students who are Peer Mediators. Developmental processes that place children at risk were found to increase over the course of the school year. Children whose teachers had a moderate amount of training and coaching from RCCP and who taught many lessons showed significantly slower growth in aggression-related processes, and less of a decrease in competence-related processes, compared to children whose teachers taught few or no lessons. Contrary to expectation, children whose teachers had a higher level of training and coaching in the RCCP but taught few lessons showed significantly faster growth over time in aggressive cognitions and behaviors. The impact of the intervention on children's social cognitions (but not on their interpersonal behaviors) varied by context. Specifically the positive effect of High Lessons was dampened for children in high-risk classrooms and neighborhoods. Implications for future research on developmental psychopathology in context and for the design of preventive interventions are discussed.

What Difference Does a Lawyer Make? Impacts of Early Counsel on Misdemeanor Bail Decisions and Outcomes in Rural and Small Town Courts

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 710-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa Pollitz Worden ◽  
Kirstin A. Morgan ◽  
Reveka V. Shteynberg ◽  
Andrew L. B. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
New York ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Pretrial Release ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Upstate New York ◽  
Rural Counties ◽  
The Impact

Recent court decisions and state legislation have highlighted the significance of ensuring that criminal defendants are represented by counsel at their first appearances in court, where judges make critical decisions on pretrial release, bail, and detention. Yet many jurisdictions do not routinely provide counsel to indigent defendants at this stage. We hypothesize that when defendants are represented by counsel at first appearance (CAFA), they are more likely to be released on recognizance, are less likely to have high bail set, and are consequently less likely to be jailed pending disposition. We explore the impact of lawyers’ presence by comparing pretrial decisions and bail outcomes across samples of misdemeanor cases in three rural counties in upstate New York: cases with and without CAFA. We find that these counties saw shifts in decisions or outcomes. We consider the implications of these findings for future research, court practices, and public policy.

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