The Long-Term Effects of Solitary Confinement From the Perspective of Inmates

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-674
Author(s):  
Liat Tayer ◽  
Tomer Einat ◽  
Anat Yaron Antar
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

This qualitative study analyzes the effects of solitary confinement on prisoners and the strategies used by them to cope with its difficulties. The findings indicate that solitary confinement is perceived as unfair and as intensifying hostile emotions and physical aggression, and that it is related to a range of long-term physiological, mental, and behavioral disorders. Three strategies are used to cope with the difficulties of solitary confinement: keeping to a ritualistic routine, a religious lifestyle, and physical exercise. We conclude that solitary confinement exacerbates the difficulties of detention and affects prisoners’ health and well-being for short and long terms.

The Cost of Austerity Policies for Public Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 117 (802) ◽  
pp. 310-314
Author(s):  
Aaron Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Health And Well Being

[S]hort-term policy changes can have long-term effects on the health and well-being of the population.

scholarly journals Sub-acute and long-term effects of ayahuasca on mental health and well-being in healthy ceremony attendants: A replication study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim I. van Oorsouw ◽  
Malin V. Uthaug ◽  
Natasha L. Mason ◽  
Nick J. Broers ◽  
Johannes G. Ramaekers
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Altered States Of Consciousness ◽  
Altered States ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
First Time ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Background and aims There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the psychedelic plant tea, ayahuasca, holds therapeutic potential. Uthaug et al. (2018) demonstrated that a single dose of ayahuasca improved mental health sub-acutely and 4-weeks post-ceremony in healthy participants. The present study aimed to replicate and extend these findings. A first objective was to assess the sub-acute and long-term effects of ayahuasca on mental health and well-being in first-time and experienced users. A second aim was to extend the assessment of altered states of consciousness and how they relate to changes in mental health. Method Ayahuasca ceremony attendants (N = 73) were assessed before, the day after, and four weeks following the ceremony. Results We replicated the reduction in self-reported stress 4-weeks post ceremony, but, in contrast, found no reduction in depression. Also, increased satisfaction with life and awareness the day after the ceremony, and its return to baseline 4 weeks later, were replicated. New findings were: reduced ratings of anxiety and somatization, and increased levels of non-judging 4-weeks post-ceremony. We replicated the relation between altered states of consciousness (e.g., experienced ego dissolution during the ceremony) and mental health outcomes sub-acutely. The effects of ayahuasca did not differ between experienced and first-time users. Conclusion Partly in line with previous findings, ayahuasca produces long-term improvements in affect in non-clinical users. Furthermore, sub-acute mental health ratings are related to the intensity of the psychedelic experience. Although findings replicate and highlight the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca, this needs to be confirmed in placebo-controlled studies.

scholarly journals Dance for people with chronic respiratory disease: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e038719
Author(s):  
Keir Elmslie James Philip ◽  
Adam Lewis ◽  
Sian Williams ◽  
Sara Catherine Buttery ◽  
Michael I Polkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Community Dance ◽  
Health And Well Being

ObjectivesTo explore the experiences and perceived impact on health and well-being related to participation in a dance group for people with chronic respiratory disease (CRD).DesignAn exploratory qualitative study using thematic analysis of semistructured interviews.SettingA community dance group in a UK health centre.ParticipantsConvenience sample of long-term dance group participants.InterventionWeekly community dance sessions designed for people with breathlessness, lasting 75 min, led by a trained community dance leader.ResultsConvenience sample of eight participants, six females, aged 57–87 years (mean 75), with a median 2-year attendance at weekly dance sessions. Long-term attendance was driven by strongly held beliefs regarding the health and well-being benefits of participation. Four key themes were identified: dance as (1) a holistically beneficial activity, with physical and psychosocial health benefits including improved or maintained physical fitness and psychological well-being, and reduced need for healthcare; (2) an integral part of their life; (3) an enjoyable activity; and (4) a source of deep social cohesion.ConclusionsDance group participants perceived a broad range of health benefits of relevance to the biopsychosocial impacts of their respiratory disease. The themes identified are useful in the ongoing planning and evaluation of dance as a holistic complex intervention for people with CRD. Further research is required to assess the extent of health impacts identified, and how dance might be most effectively placed as an option in the management of CRD.Trial registration numberNCT04006015.

scholarly journals Impacts of international labor migration on the mental health and well-being of left-behind children

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Antia ◽  
J Boucsein ◽  
A Deckert ◽  
P Dambach ◽  
J Racaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Transnational Families ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Background Labor migration is a challenge for the globalised world due to its long-term effects such as the formation of transnational families with the particularly vulnerable groups of left-behind children (LBC). These families, where family members of migrant workers are 'left-behind' are becoming common practice in many developing countries. In this systematic literature review, we aimed to investigate the impacts of parental labor migration on the mental health and well-being of their LBC. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic literature search in English using PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar for studies, investigating mental health and well-being among LBC who live in transnational families. Case-reports, qualitative studies as well as opinion papers were excluded. We summarized the evidence and additionally compared quantitative results. Results 25 studies were selected for the final analysis. We found that mental health and well-being outcomes of LBC differ across regions and sometimes even within regions. Only studies conducted in South America and South Asia observed purely negative effects. Overall, LBC show abnormal SDQ (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) scores and report higher levels of depression and loneliness, than children who do not live in transnational families. Evidence suggests that gender of migrant parent, culture and other transnational family characteristics such as family arrangement, the role of the mother and the role of the father contribute to the well-being and psychological health of LBC. Conclusions International migration of parents has more negative than positive effects (e.g. through remittances) on the mental health and well-being of LBC. However, the effects strongly depend on family arrangements and care giving practices in migrants' sending countries. Key messages Further research utilizing longitudinal data is needed to better explore the complex and long-term effects of parental migration on LBC. Multidimensional family characteristics are crucial and should be better explored when examining the impacts of migratory separation on left-behind children.

scholarly journals Short and Long term effects of Overeating (Atimatrashan) on health and well-being: A Conceptual Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Unnati A. Chavan ◽  
◽  
Narayan R. Sabu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Food Consumed ◽  
The Ideal

Overeating is the excess food consumed in relation to the energy that an organism expends. Out of various eating disorders overeating from supersize meal portions is termed as Atimatrashan in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda great emphasis has been given on the ideal quantity i.e., ‘matra’ of Aahara which is customized according to individual appetite. While occasional overeating predisposes to various disorders manifested through impaired digestive function, Habitual overeating eventually leads to obesity. Obesity being a state of chronic inflammation predisposes to wide range of diseases including Metabolic syndrome and Cancer. In this context, this paper discusses the Ayurvedic concept of Tridosha Prakop (vitiation of all the three Doshas) with the resulting ailments and Aamvish which is said to be formed as a result of habitual overeating and is thought to be Vishsadrushya (highly toxic) and param asaadhyam (incurable).

scholarly journals ALCOHOL AND ADAPTATION DISORDERS IN COMBATANTS (RESULTS OF THE PILOT RESEARCH)

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
I.V. Linsʹkyy ◽  
O. I. Minko ◽  
O. V. Baranenko ◽  
M. O. Ovcharenko ◽  
O. M. Lynev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Unmet Demand ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

As a result of the study, specific mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use in ATO participants were determined taking into account the levels and style of alcohol consumption. The relationship between disorders due to alcohol consumption and the consequences of combat psychological trauma is shown. It has been established that, on the whole, the transition from the conditions of a positional war to the conditions of a peaceful life is accompanied by a decrease in alcohol consumption (by individuals independent of it), a decrease in the level of harmful consequences, an improvement in mental status and a slight improvement in the quality of life, however, there are exceptions to this rule, especially with regard to stressful disorders - the level of exposure to a stressful event remains almost unchanged. Neither the army men nor the demobilized military found any adaptive (useful) medium- and long-term effects of alcohol (the transient anxiolytic and hypnotic sedative effects of alcohol have no long-term positive results (as opposed to negative ones). Psychopathological factors that affect disorders due to alcohol consumption remain almost unchanged during the transition from combat conditions to peaceful life, the influence of only certain components changes. Therefore, measures aimed at preventing maladaptation (that is, the formation of new and exacerbation of existing mental and behavioral disorders, including drug addiction) should adhere to the principle of continuity.It is advisable that between specialists and institutions suitable for the hygiene of the military and the demobilized, as high quality communication as possible is maintained along the methodological guidelines for the provision of medical and rehabilitation assistance. A significant level of consumption of psychoactive substances among combatants may indicate an unmet demand for adaptogens (both chemical and non-chemical origin), the use of which would not lead to the negative consequences of alcohol and other surfactants. This is a challenge for modern military psychopharmacology, military psychology and military psychophysiology.

scholarly journals Dietary fibre and prebiotics in infant formulas

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Ghisolfi
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bacterial Host ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health And Well Being

Prebiotics have the potential to promote immediate and long-term effects on the health and well-being of infants. They have been added to infant formulas in Japan for 20 years and have only recently been used in Europe. The objective is to change the intestinal microflora in order to mimic the bacteriological effect and, thus, the functional effects of human milk. There is, however, a potential risk of long-term effects of the use of these infant formulas. The consequences of using prebiotics in infants, during the first months of life, on the composition and development of the intestinal microflora, and on the resulting bacterial–bacterial and bacterial–host interactions are not known. Attempts have been made to improve infant and follow-on formulas by prebiotic supplementation, but intervention studies are needed to evaluate their immediate and long-term beneficial effects and demonstrate the absence of harmful consequences from their use.

scholarly journals The long-term (24-month) effect on health and well-being of the Lifestyle Matters community-based intervention in people aged 65 years and over: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e016711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Chatters ◽  
Jennifer Roberts ◽  
Gail Mountain ◽  
Sarah Cook ◽  
Gill Windle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Occupational Therapy Intervention ◽  
Health And Well Being

ObjectivesTo assess the long-term effect on health and well-being of the Lifestyle Matters programme.DesignQualitative study of a subset of intervention arm participants who participated in the Lifestyle Matters randomised controlled trial (RCT).SettingThe intervention took place at community venues within two sites in the UK.ParticipantsA purposeful sample of 13 participants aged between 66 and 88 years from the intervention arm of the RCT were interviewed at 24 months post randomisation. Interviews aimed to understand how participants had used their time in the preceding 2 years and whether the intervention had any impact on their lifestyle choices, participation in meaningful activities and well-being.InterventionLifestyle Matters is a 4-month occupational therapy intervention, consisting of group and individual sessions, designed to enable community living older people to make positive lifestyle choices and participate in new or neglected activities through increasing self-efficacy.ResultsInterviews revealed that the majority of interviewed participants were reportedly active at 24 months, with daily routines and lifestyles not changing significantly over time. All participants raised some form of benefit from attending Lifestyle Matters, including an improved perspective on life, trying new hobbies and meeting new friends. A number of intervention participants spoke of adapting to their changing circumstances, but there were significant and lasting benefits for 2 of 13 intervention participants interviewed.ConclusionThe majority of those who experienced the Lifestyle Matters intervention reported minor benefits and increases in self-efficacy, but they did not perceive that it significantly improved their health and well-being. The two participants who had experienced major benefits also reported having had life-changing events, suggesting that this intervention is most effective at the time when lifestyle has to be reconsidered if mental well-being is to be sustained.Trial registrationISRCTN,ISRCTN67209155, post results.

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