scholarly journals The Primacy of Beauty in Music, Visual Arts and Literature: Not Just a Replication Study in the Greek Language Exploring the Effects of Verbal Fluency, Age and Gender

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110268
Author(s):  
Vaitsa Giannouli ◽  
Juliana Yordanova ◽  
Vasil Kolev
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Music And Literature ◽  
Young Females ◽  
And Gender

Research on aesthetic descriptors of art in different languages is scarce. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the conceptual structure of aesthetic experiences of three forms of art (music, visual arts and literature) in the Greek language, which has not been explored so far. It was further aimed to study if biological and cognitive factors such as age and gender might produce differences in art appreciation. A total of 467 younger and older individuals from Greece were asked to generate verbal descriptors (adjectives) in free word-listing conditions in order to collect terms reflecting the aesthetics-related semantic field of art. The capacity of verbal memory was controlled by using a battery of neuropsychological tests. Analysis of generated adjectives’ frequency and salience revealed that ‘beautiful’ was the most prominent descriptor that was selected with a distinctive primacy for all three forms of arts. The primacy of ‘beautiful’ was significantly more pronounced for visual arts relative to music and literature. Although the aging-related decline of verbal capacity was similar for males and females, the primacy of ‘beautiful’ depended on age and gender by being more emphasized for young females than males, and for old males than females. Analysis of secondary descriptors and pairs of adjectives revealed that affective and hedonic experiences are essentially fixed in the semantic field of art reflection. It is concluded that although the concept of the aesthetics seems to be diversified and rich, a clear primacy of beauty is found for the Greek cultural environment and across different forms of art. The results also highlight the presence of complex influences of biological and cognitive factors on aesthetic art experiences.

Effects of age and gender on pituitary-adrenocortical responsiveness in humans

1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Born ◽  
Ina Ditschuneit ◽  
Martin Schreiber ◽  
Christoph Dodt ◽  
Horst L Fehm
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Basal Secretion ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Young Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Acth Release

Born J, Ditschuneit I, Schreiber M, Dodt C, Fehm HL. Effects of age and gender on pituitary-adrenocortical responsiveness in humans. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:705–11. ISSN 0804–4643 This study compared plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol in young men (N = 10, mean age 24.4 years), young women (N = 10, mean age 25.4 years), old men (N = 8, mean age 81.6 years) and old women (N = 8. mean age 83.5 years) under basal resting conditions and after stimulation with either human corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH, 100 μg iv) or a combined injection of hCRH (100 μg and arginine vasopressin (VP, 0.5 IU iv). Basal secretion of cortisol did not differ among groups, but basal concentrations of ACTH were diminished in young women (p < 0.01), indicating an enhanced adrenal sensitivity to ACTH in these subjects. Pituitary responses to hCRH did not differ between young men and women. However, responses to hCRH/VP were stronger in the young females (p < 0.01), suggesting an enhanced pituitary responsiveness to the augmenting effect of VP on ACTH release in this group. Pituitary-adrenal secretory responses were greater in old than in young men after sole injection of hCRH (p < 0.05) and even more so after combined injection of hCRH/VP (p < 0.01). In old women, pituitary-adrenal secretory responses were also greater than in young women (p < 0.05). But, in particular for responses to hCRH/VP, these effects were less distinct than within the men. Results indicate an enhancing effect of age on pituitary responsiveness to the hypothalamic secretagogues hCRH and VP, modulated by the subject's gender. Jan Born, Klinische Forschergruppe, Klinische Neuroendokrinologie, Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck, Haus 23 a, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany

Age and Gender Differences in Social-Cognitive Factors and Exercise Behavior Among Thais

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ornwanya Poomsrikaew ◽  
Barbara E. Berger ◽  
Mi Ja Kim ◽  
Julie J. Zerwic
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals An empirical study of purchase behaviour on social platforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladlena Benson ◽  
Jean-Noel Ezingeard ◽  
Chris Hand
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour ◽  
And Gender

Purpose Social media users’ purchasing behaviour is yet to be fully understood by research. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how purchase intention is affected by social media user traits, cognitive factors (such as perceived control and trust) and individual beliefs, such as risk propensity and trustworthiness. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose and empirically test a model of purchase intention on social platforms. The study of over 500 active social media users finds the links between risk propensity, trust, technical efficacy and perceived control and explores the moderating effect of age and gender. Findings Purchase intention on social platforms is influenced by demographic factors, cognitive factors and beliefs. Both age and gender moderate the effects of beliefs and cognitive factors: age is a determinant of purchase intention for men, while beliefs are significant for younger women and cognitive factors are significant for older women. Research limitations/implications This study involved a cross-sectional design via online survey of social networking users. Gender differences in purchase intentions are found which are, in turn, influenced by age. Further empirical testing of social purchase intention could include less experienced users or non-users. Practical implications The results of this study provide guidance for SNS providers and technology developers in social networking commerce in terms of the different drivers of purchase intention. Originality/value Social media users’ purchasing behaviour is yet to be fully understood. The study shows that purchase intention antecedents vary between genders and age groups of users. The identified connection between users’ perceptions of social networking sites (SNS) usage of personal information and purchase behaviour has an impact on the likelihood of user engagement in social transactions.

Is V̇O2max an Appropriate Fitness Indicator for Older Adults?

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea T. White ◽  
C. Steven Fehlauer ◽  
Rita Hanover ◽  
Stephen C. Johnson ◽  
Robert E. Dustman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Work

Older individuals arc more likely than younger adults to exhibit symptoms of exercise intolerance at high work rates. The risks of maximal exercise in older adults increase proportionally as the number of health difficulties increase. In this study, the effects of health status, age, and gender on older adults’ ability to attain V̇O2max are examined. Sedentary volunteers (60 women, 45 men), mean age 67 ± 5 years (range 57-78 years), participated in graded maximal exercise tests on a combined arm and leg cycle ergometer. Subjects were classified into three groups based on test termination reason: attainment of V̇O2max (MAX), symptom-limited (SX), or EKG-limited (EKG). Sixty percent of men and 40% of women were classified as MAX, while 48% of women and 27% of men were characterized as SX. Thirteen percent of men and 12% of women had EKG-limited exercise tests. Those in the EKG group reported significantly more diagnoses than subjects in the MAX group (2.7 vs. 1.4. p < .05). The number of medications reported and age of the subjects did not differ across test termination categories.

scholarly journals Estimation of D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients and its correlation with age and gender

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalash Chander
Keyword(s):  
District Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Product ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Product Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
D Dimer

Background: COVID-19 patients show some kind of abnormal coagulation parameters, related to thrombotic disorders, which can act as marker of the disease. One such marker is D-dimer, which is a widely used fibrin degradation product test used for initial diagnosis of thrombotic disorders. D-dimer levels from patients coming in OPD of sub-district hospital Bishnah, Jammu were analyzed to estimate the degree of this relation to its severity, age and gender.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the D-dimer data, collected from the patients coming in OPD of sub-district hospital Bishnah, Jammu, from March 2019 to March 2020. Randomly selected 134 patients infected with COVID-19, with known age and gender and confirmed by RT-PCR were included in the study.Results: Out of these 134 patients, 76 were males (56.72%) and 58 were females (43.28%). 41.04% patients belonged to the age group 51 to 70 years; 92 patients had elevated levels of D-dimer levels, 52 (38.8%) patients showed D-dimer levels four-folds the safe level, >1000 ng/ml and a significant number of females (70.7%) were found to be with elevated D-dimer levels. Women were found to be at a higher risk of developing thrombotic disorders than men. There was slight relation of thrombotic disorders such as D-dimer with postmenopausal age of women as well.Conclusions: This study has shown a clear guidance that women and older individuals are at a higher risk of developing thrombotic disorders during COVID-19 infection. 

Impact of age and gender on frequency of interruption in dyadic interviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
Mohammad Almoaily
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Older Males

Abstract This paper investigates whether the gender and/or age of interviewees in dyadic interviews influences frequency of speech interruption of young female interviewers. Forty female students at King Faisal University (KFU) and forty interviewees participated in the study. The author compared the number of interruptions per ten minutes of conversation made by interviewees belonging to four categories: young females, young males, older females, and older males. The author hypothesized that older male interviewees interrupt young female interviewers more than younger male and female interviewees. Additionally, the author hypothesized that older female interviewees interrupt young female interviewers more than young female interviewees. The results did not support the hypothesis that males interrupt females more often. Female participants made significantly more interruptions than male participants. The data do not support the hypothesis that older interviewees interrupt their interviewers more frequently than younger interviewees.

Status, Age, and Gender: Perceptions of Old and Young People

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Graham ◽  
Paul M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender Perceptions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Stratification

ABSTRACTSeveral writers have suggested that there is an inverted U-curve of status or prestige across the lifespan in Western society. The old and the young are apparently accorded less status than persons in midlife, and women are seen as having less status than men.In this study of 198 older individuals (mean age 67), the same inverted U-curve was found, but gender differences were very small. Much less extreme status ratings were given by this older sample than by the earlier samples of young adults. Also, status ratings were again mostly unaffected by respondents' characteristics such as age, sex, marital status, or social class. Older adults, therefore, seem to accept the broad cultural views of age stratification, but are slightly more egalitarian than the young.

scholarly journals 40 The Association between Apathy, Decline in Physcal Performance, and Falls

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv9-iv12
Author(s):  
Marieke Henstra ◽  
Didi Rhebergen ◽  
Lisette De Groot ◽  
Natasja Van Schoor ◽  
Nathalie Van der Velde
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Symptoms of apathy are common in older persons. Negative effects on physical performance and fall risk are plausible, considering the pathophysiology of apathy. However, literature is scarce. Aim To longitudinally assess the association between apathy and 1) decline of physical performance and 2) the number of falls in older community-dwelling persons. Methods The ‘B-vitamins for the PRevention Of Osteoporotic Fractures’ study (B-PROOF) provided data on 2919 older persons over a period of two years. Apathy was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale3. A physical performance score (PPS) was calculated using three performance tests. Falls were registered prospectively. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs), Incidence Rate Ratios (IRRs) their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Effect-modification by age and gender was investigated. We also investigated mediation by baseline PPS for the association between apathy and the number of falls. Results Apathy and decline of PPS were independently associated. After stratification, the effect only remained in men. Age was an effect modifier; higher ORs for decreasing age. Apathy was also independently associated with the number of falls. After stratification, women had higher IRRs than men. Age modified the association in the opposite direction: higher IRRs for increasing age. Baseline PPS was a mediator in the association. Conclusion The impact of apathy on physical performance and fall-incidents varied with age and gender. Potentially, in older individuals with apathy, fall risk is preceded by a decline in physical performance. In clinical practice, identifying apathy in older persons might be useful to target mobility preserving interventions.

Increased prevalence of anti-DFS70 antibodies in young females: experience from a large international multi-center study on blood donors

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 999-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Albesa ◽  
Ulrich Sachs ◽  
Maria Infantino ◽  
Mariangela Manfredi ◽  
Maurizio Benucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donors ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Geographic Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract Background Isolated antibodies to DFS70 have been described in healthy individuals and are rarely found in patients with antinuclear antibody-associated autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AARD). However, no data is available on geographic differences in the prevalence of anti-DFS70 antibodies. We aimed to study the prevalence of anti-DFS70 antibodies in blood donor samples from several countries representing various ethnical backgrounds and geographic regions in the world. Methods Sera from apparently healthy blood donors (n≥300 per site) were collected in seven countries (USA, Italy, Spain, Germany, UK, Belgium and Brazil). All samples (n=2628) were tested for anti-DFS70 antibodies by QUANTA Flash DFS70 (Inova Diagnostics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Results The prevalence of anti-DFS70 antibodies varied from 4/321 (1.2%, Italy) to 42/497 (8.5%, USA). Consequently, the prevalence of the antibodies was significantly higher in USA compared to all other countries (p<0.05). In addition, the prevalence in the combined cohort (all sites) was higher in young blood donors (<35 years; 5.0% vs. 2.7%; p=0.0017) and among females (4.5% vs. 3.0%; p=0.0446). However, when cohorts from different countries were corrected for age and gender, no significant difference between the countries were found. Conclusions This is the first study to analyze the prevalence of anti-DFS70 antibodies in different geographic areas using a standardized assay. Our findings show that the antibodies are most prevalent in young females.

scholarly journals A-38 A Different Approach for Examining Gender Differences on Computerized Neurocognitive Testing: Percentile Ranks Versus Composite Scores

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 634-634
Author(s):  
P Schatz ◽  
K Slicer ◽  
R J Elbin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Composite Scores

Abstract Objective ImPACT is a popular tool used to assess neurocognitive function after concussion. Age- and gender-based percentile ranks are provided as part of the ImPACT clinical report, but only raw composite scores are provided for research. Percentile ranks may provide an alternate look at gender differences on neurocognitive testing. We sought to compare the use of percentile ranks versus composite scores when comparing neurocognitive performance between male and females. Method Pre-season baseline data from 3,238 collegiate athletes were exported from a larger multi-site database, 1,714 male (53%) and 1,524 female (47%), ages 18–22 (Mean = 19.3, SD = 1.2). ImPACT composite scores were extracted (Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Visual Motor Speed, Reaction Time) and Percentile Ranks were calculated using age- and gender-based reference tables in the ImPACT 2017–2012 Technical Manual. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were conducted with gender as the IV and the four composite scores and their associated percentile ranks as the DVs. Bonferroni correction for 8 comparisons set the alpha level to p &lt; .006. Results ANOVAs revealed a significant effect of gender on ImPACT Verbal Memory [F(1,3236) = 16.32, p &lt; .001], Visual Memory [F(1,3236) = 66.06, p &lt; .001], Visual Motor Speed [F(1,3236) = 15.61,p &lt; .001] but not Reaction Time [F(1,3236) = 2.59, p = .11]. When using percentile ranks, ANOVAs revealed a significant effect of gender on only Visual Motor Speed [F(1,3236) = 31.07, p &lt; .001], but not Verbal Memory [F(1,3236) = 2.43, p = .12], Visual Memory [F(1,3236) = 0.48, p = .49], or Reaction Time [F(1,3236) = 0.61, p = .44]. Conclusions Use of ImPACT Composite Scores in concussion research may exaggerate or inappropriately promote gender differences on computerized neurocognitive testing. Given that age- and gender-based normative data are available, use of percentile ranks is recommended.

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