Mechanisms of policy failure: Boston’s 2024 Olympic bid

Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (15) ◽  
pp. 3369-3384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Kassens-Noor ◽  
John Lauermann
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Term Study ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Policy Failure ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Power Shift ◽  
Opposition Movements ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

Planning for mega-events such as the Olympics is at a turning point. There has been a power shift in the relationship between cities and the International Olympic Committee towards the former. This shift is based on the emergence of anti-bid opposition movements; the increasing complexity of bidding; demands for locally relevant legacies; and a changing political economic relationship between citizens, city governments and sports federations. Our paper draws on a long-term study of Boston’s failed bid to host the 2024 Summer Olympics, based on an ethnography within the bidding corporation and interviews with pro- and anti-bid stakeholders. We lay out the reasons why the Boston bid failed, and conclude that bid failure involves factors that work against elitist powers and towards democratic beneficiaries.

A LONG TERM STUDY ON INITIAL ORIENTATION IN SAND MARTINS (RIPARIA RIPARIA)

Behaviour ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 136 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1311-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Giunchi ◽  
Natale Emilio Baldaccini ◽  
Emanuele Mongini
Keyword(s):  
Initial Orientation ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Compass Direction ◽  
Order Analysis ◽  
Riparia Riparia ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Homing Direction

AbstractOver a period of 18 years sand martins (Riparia riparia) were displaced from their breeding colonies and released to investigate the relationship between distance of displacement and initial orientation. The results show significant homeward orientation at the shortest distances of displacement (7.1-18.2 km, series A), but not over longer distances (49-180 km, series B and C). Birds displaced over 49 km from their breeding colonies only seldom show homeward directedness, while pseudo-pooling and second order analysis of their directional choices seem to indicate the tendency to fly in a given compass direction. Possible causal factors that can induce this behaviour in sand martins are discussed, taking into account not only local biasing factors but also the existence of a so called preferred compass direction. These data show that sand martins are able to determine the correct homing direction inside a probably familiar area. The response over longer distances indicates difficulties in determining the appropriate homing course at takeoff.

The Relationship between Suicide and Five Climate Issues in a Large-scale and Long Term Study in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Inoue ◽  
Y Nishimura ◽  
Y Fujita ◽  
Y Ono ◽  
T Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Time and Space of Memories of Factory Workers in Construction of Collective Identity of First Uralmash Builders

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Natalia B. Gramatchikova ◽  
Lidia V. Enina
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Official Discourse ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article is the result of a long-term study of autobiographies and memoirs from the Fund of the First Builders of Uralmash, collected in 1967-1984 and dedicated to the construction of the plant (1926-1934). The question of the role of spatial and temporal markers in the construction of the collective identity of factory workers is considered. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between strong discursive practices and the “weak positions” of the official discourse, which allow authors to independently write their personal history into the history of the plant. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the Foundation's documents are viewed not as a factual source, but as a way of creating collective and personal identity of factory workers in the process of forming the concept of the FIRST BUILDER and as a body of texts, which reflects the practice of constructing the “Soviet”. It is emphasized that a special perception of space (the plant and the social city of Uralmash) and the placement of oneself in a certain historical era (with the opposition “then-now”) unite most of the Foundation's texts, among the authors of which are workers of the plant of different specialties and social status. It is proved that the texts have a common chronotope associated with the axiological picture of the world and with the practice of social communication through the text.

Hereditary tyrosinaemia type I: A long-term study of the relationship between the urinary excretions of succinylacetone and δ-aminolevulinic acid

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1034-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schierbeek ◽  
G. J. J. Beukeveld ◽  
H. van Faassen ◽  
F. J. van Spronsen ◽  
K. Bijsterveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Type I ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Tyrosinaemia Type ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Mortality and tardive dyskinesia: long-term study using the US National Death Index

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Dean ◽  
Paul D. Thuras
Keyword(s):  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
National Death Index ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Conventional Antipsychotics ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundWhether the development of tardive dyskinesia leads to an increase in mortality is still unclear.AimsTo explore the relationship between tardive dyskinesia and mortality over a 10-year period, using the National Death Index.MethodDeath certificates were obtained from the National Death Index on 1621 people repeatedly assessed for tardive dyskinesia by trained raters. Variables with the potential for influencing survival time were also investigated.ResultsTardive dyskinesia was significantly associated with an increase in mortality (P<0.001), but this association became non-significant when drug course and age were entered in the regression analysis. Those who had taken only conventional antipsychotics were twice as likely to die compared with those taking atypical agents (P<0.02). For those aged 53–65 years, conventional agents were associated with a sevenfold increase in mortality.ConclusionsOlder individuals with tardive dyskinesia treated with conventional antipsychotics appear to have a shortened survival time.

Body condition and head size in snakes

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOn several occasions during my many years of working with various snake species, I observed a significant positive relationship between body condition and head size (the former calculated from residual scores from a general linear regression of ln-transformed mass on ln-transformed snout-vent length). Based on results from my long-term study of water pythons (Liasis fuscus) this relationship is, however, most likely caused by a condition-dependent bias when recording snake snout-vent length (SVL). Water pythons in good condition were recorded as being "shorter" and hence having relatively larger head size, whereas snakes in poor condition were recorded as being "longer" with concomitant smaller head relative head size. Such a systematic bias may lead to spurious conclusions concerning the adaptive significance of the relationship between snake body condition and head size.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document