History of the American Association for Correctional Psychology

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt R. Bartol ◽  
Naomi J. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
American Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scholarly Journal ◽  
Correctional Psychology ◽  
Entire List ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

The history of the American Association for Correctional Psychology (AACP) is traced from 1954 to the present. The article offers some insights into the beginnings and development of correctional psychology in the United States, including those individuals most influential in that development. The history of AACP publications is also outlined, including the newsletter Correctional Psychologist and the scholarly journal Criminal Justice and Behavior. An entire list of AACP presidents is provided.

Judges, Juries, and the History of Criminal Appeals

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Berger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early History ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
History Of

The three articles offered in this forum on the early history of criminal appeals do us the great service of adding much of interest on this important but neglected issue in the development of Anglo–North American criminal procedure. The opaqueness of the legal history of criminal appeals stands in stark contrast to their centrality and apparent naturalness in contemporary criminal justice systems in England, Canada, and the United States. These three papers look at the period leading up to and immediately following the creation of the first formalized system of what we might call criminal appeals, the establishment of the Court of Crown Cases Reserved (CCCR) in 1848. This key period in the development of the adversary criminal trial was marked by both a concerted political effort to codify and rationalize the criminal law and by profound structural changes in the management of criminal justice.

How Exceptional Is the History of Violence and Criminal Justice in the United States? Variation across Time and Space as the Keys to Understanding Homicide and Punitiveness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph Roth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Long Span ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter contends that American exceptionalism is a far more complex issue than it initially appears. Which nations are exceptional? When, and in what ways? Once the question of exceptionalism is asked over a long span of time, its answer is almost always fluid and complicated. Hence, the chapter turns to comparative historical research in isolating the most important causes of incidents like homicide and punitive penal policies, by showing that those causes recur again and again in the presence of certain phenomena. It asserts that history shows that the relationship between crime and punitiveness is far from simple.

An Unlikely Alliance: How Experts and Industry Transformed Consumer Credit Policy in the Early Twentieth Century United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-612
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Anderson ◽  
Bruce G. Carruthers ◽  
Timothy W. Guinnane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American Association ◽  
Consumer Credit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russell Sage Foundation ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Power Resource ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Success

Despite the recently demonstrated importance of consumer credit for the economic health of nations and families, little is known about the history of consumer credit markets and their regulation. An important chapter in the history of consumer credit regulation came between 1909 and 1941, when policy experts at the Russell Sage Foundation (RSF) engaged in a national campaign to transform small loan markets and policy in the United States. Concentrating its efforts on state-by-state passage of the Uniform Small Loan Law, the foundation's political success hinged upon an alliance with the American Association of Personal Finance Companies. While most scholarship portrays experts as being dominated or co-opted by industry, our case provides a countervailing example. Far from controlling RSF experts, lenders became dependent on the foundation for legitimating their political lobbying and their business activities. We explain how the foundation built its expert reputation through a process of reputational entrepreneurship, and we trace how RSF experts deployed this reputation as a power resource in their negotiations with small loan lenders.

Are Honor Killings Unique? A Comparison of Honor Killings, Domestic Violence Homicides, and Hate Homicides by Far-Right Extremists

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany E. Hayes ◽  
Colleen E. Mills ◽  
Joshua D. Freilich ◽  
Steven M. Chermak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Open Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Honor Killings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Domestic Violence History

This study compared honor killings, domestic violence homicides, and hate homicides committed by far-right extremists. Prior research has suggested that terrorists may differ from “regular” offenders whereas others suggest similarities. Data from the Extremist Crime Database were used to compare honor killings committed in the United States since 1990 to domestic violence and hate homicides ( N = 48). Open-source documents were closed coded for criminal justice involvement, domestic violence history, motivation, and offenders’ mental illness. Honor killings were more likely to have a history of domestic violence in open sources than hate homicides, suggesting these three homicides may be more similar than different.

scholarly journals On the history of medicine in the United States, theory, health insurance, and psychiatry: an interview with Charles Rosenberg

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Charles Rosenberg ◽  
Rafael Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Behavior Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract An interview with Charles Rosenberg conducted by Rafael Mantovani in November 2013 that addressed four topics. It first focused on the way in which Rosenberg perceived trends and directions in historical research on medicine in the United States during the second half of the twentieth century. The second focus was on his experience with other important historians who wrote about public health. Thirdly, he discussed his impressions about the current debate on health policy in his country. Finally, the last part explores some themes related to psychiatry and behavior control that have appeared in a number of his articles.

scholarly journals A model and predictions for COVID-19 considering population behavior and vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Usherwood ◽  
Zachary LaJoie ◽  
Vikas Srivast
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Time History ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Approach Zero ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract The effect of vaccination coupled with the behavioral response of the population is not well understood. Our model incorporates two important dynamically varying population behaviors: level of caution and sense of safety. Level of caution increases with infectious cases, while an increasing sense of safety with increased vaccination lowers precautions. Our model accurately reproduces the complete time history of COVID-19 infections for various regions of the United States. We propose a parameter d_I as a direct measure of a population’s caution against an infectious disease that can be obtained from the infectious cases. The model provides quantitative measures of highest disease transmission rate, effective transmission rate, and cautionary behavior. We predict future COVID-19 trends in the United States accounting for vaccine rollout and behavior. Although a high rate of vaccination is critical to quickly ending the pandemic, a return towards pre-pandemic social behavior due to increased sense of safety during vaccine deployment can cause an alarming surge in infections. Our results predict that at the current rate of vaccination, the new infection cases for COVID-19 in the United States will approach zero by August 2021. This model can be used for other regions and for future epidemics and pandemics.

The Radical Right in the United States of America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Parker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Tea Party ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
John Birch Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Behavior

This chapter examines the attitudes, beliefs, and behavior of the reactionary right in the United States. It seeks to provide a better understanding of what motivates the reactionary right, and how such motivations inform the policy preferences and behavior of its constituents. However, the paucity of data restricts the analysis of the reactionary right to a fifty-year span, from the 1960s through the Tea Party. It begins with an overview of reactionary thought, including a brief history of reactionary movements through the mid-twentieth century. It then conducts an assessment of the immediate predecessor of the Tea Party: the John Birch Society. This is followed by an analysis of the contemporary reactionary movement in the United States: the Tea Party, and the movement responsible for the election of Donald Trump. The conclusion also briefly touches upon the continuities (and discontinuities) between the Tea Party and its European counterparts.

Crime, Justice, and Anglo-American Comics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Giddens
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Social Values ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Engagement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Dominant Narratives

Criminal justice is a perennial theme in modern comics published in the United States and United Kingdom, with dominant narratives revolving around the protection of the innocent from crime and harm or the seeking of justice outside the authority of the state. The history of the comics medium and its regulation in the mid-20th century, particularly in the United States, shows how the comics medium itself—not just its popular content—was embroiled in questions of criminality, in relation to its perceived obscenity and fears that it caused juvenile delinquency. Indeed, the medium’s regulation shaped the way it has been able to engage with questions of crime and justice; the limitations on moral complexity under the censorship of the 1954 Comics Code in the United States, for example, arguably led to both a dearth of critical engagement in crime and justice concerns, and an increased evil or psychopathy in criminal characters (because more nuanced motivations could not be depicted under the Code). From the 1980s onwards, the restrictions of the Code abated, and a broad “maturation” of the form can be seen, with a concurrent increase in critical engagement with criminological questions. The main themes of comics research around crime and comics after the 1980s include questions of vigilantism and retribution, seen as the dominant concern in mainstream comics. But other leading questions go beyond these issues and explore comics’ engagement with the politics of crime and justice, highlighting the medium’s capacity to question the nature of justice and the legitimate exercise of state power. Moreover, stepping back and considering the general relationship between comics and criminology, comics can be seen as important cultural forms of expression of moral and social values, as well as potentially alternative orders of knowledge that can challenge mainstream criminology. From free speech, juvenile delinquency, and vigilantism, to politics, culture, and disciplinary knowledge, there are significant interactions between comics and criminology on a variety of levels.

Disrupting the Cycle of Incarceration

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
Alonzo L. Plough
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Communities Of Color ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Levels

This chapter explores the root causes for the high rate of incarceration in the United States and its health-damaging consequences. Reducing incarceration levels, particularly in communities of color and disadvantage, is a vital building block of a Culture of Health. Addressing mass incarceration in the United States, however, requires a range of approaches and tactics that target multiple levels of the complex criminal justice system. The chapter then describes both broad-based solutions and targeted local efforts to break the cycle of incarceration at various points: before arrest, within prison walls, after release, and across generations. Changing the narrative is a feature of many efforts, as activists find new ways to talk about poverty, crime, and prison, and adults with a history of incarceration commit to renewing bonds with their children.

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