Exposure of thermoplastics to methanol–gasoline blends: A material compatibility study

2022 ◽  
pp. 009524432110588
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Halada Nandakrishnan ◽  
Shruthi Balakrishna ◽  
Preeti Nair
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Compatibility Study ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Fuel Tanks ◽  
Loss Of Mass ◽  
Gain Loss

Alcohols are increasingly being looked upon as the most viable alternative to the conventional sources of energy. Methanol is the first member of the alcohol family and can be easily synthesized from syngas. It is an attractive blend to gasoline due to its advantageous properties. There is a necessity to make sure that the infrastructure is ready to adapt these alternative fuels. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess the degradation of widely used thermoplastics in fuel tanks, pipes, and the fuel injection system, namely, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), and high density polyethylene (HDPE) post exposure to methanol–gasoline blends (P100, M15, and M30) for a period of 4, 10, and 30 days. The effects of the exposure were examined by comparing changes in gain/loss of mass, hardness, elongation, and tensile strength. The surface morphology changes of the polymeric coupons were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and their elemental analysis was done by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The studied materials were found to gain mass in the order HDPE > PTFE >PET. The decrease in hardness was found to be more in HDPE followed by PTFE and PET. PTFE and PET showed reduction in strength but an increase in tensile strength was observed for HDPE post exposure to fuel blend. Highest change in elongation was found in HDPE followed by PTFE and PET. The changes were found to be the least in P100 followed by M15 and maximum in M30 blends for all immersion periods.

scholarly journals Impact of Alternative Paraffinic Fuels on the Durability of a Modern Common Rail Injection System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4166
Author(s):  
Carmen Mata ◽  
Jakub Piaszyk ◽  
José Antonio Soriano ◽  
José Martín Herreros ◽  
Athanasios Tsolakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Diesel Fuel Injection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel

Common rail (CR) diesel fuel injection systems are very sensitive to variations in fuel properties, thus the impact of alternative fuels on the durability of the injection system should be investigated when considering the use of alternative fuels. This work studies a high-pressure CR (HPCR) diesel fuel injection system operating for 400 h in an injection test bench, using a fuel blend composed of an alternative paraffinic fuel and conventional diesel (50PF50D). The alternative fuel does not have aromatic components and has lower density than conventional diesel fuel. The injection system durability study was carried out under typical injection pressure and fuel temperature for the fuel pump, the common rail and the injector. The results show that the HPCR fuel injection system and its components (e.g., piston, spring, cylinder, driveshaft and cam) have no indication of damage, wear or change in surface roughness. The absence of internal wear to the components of the injection system is supported by the approximately constant total flow rate that reaches the injector during the whole the 400 h of the experiment. However, the size of the injector nozzle holes was decreased (approximately 12%), being consistent with the increase in the return fuel flow of the injector and rail (approximately 13%) after the completion of the study. Overall, the injection system maintained its operability during the whole duration of the durability study, which encourages the use of paraffinic fuels as an alternative to conventional diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Spray Characteristics at Preheating Temperatur of Diesel-Biodiesel-Gasoline Fuel Blend

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Moch Miftahul Arifin ◽  
Nasrul Ilminnafik ◽  
Muh. Nurkoyim Kustanto ◽  
Agus Triono
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Spray Tip Penetration

Technological developments in diesel engines require improvements to the fuel injection system to meet the criteria for economical, high-power and efficient combustion and meet environmental regulatory standards. One method that has a lot of interest is changing the characteristics of the fuel, with the aim of producing optimal combustion. Spray characteristics have a big role in determining the quality of combustion in diesel engines. A good spray can improve the quality of fuel atomization and the homogeneity of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber so that it can produce good engine performance and low emissions. This study aims to determine the effect of a diesel-biodiesel (Calophyllum inophyllum)-gasoline blendandfuel heating on the spray characteristics. The research was conducted with variations in composition (B0, B100, B30, B30G5 and B30G10) and fuel heating (40, 60, 80, and 100 °C). Fuel injected atapressure of 17 MPa in to a pressure chamber of 3 bar. The spray formed was recorded with a high-speed camera of 480 fps (resolution 224x168 pixel). In B100 biodiesel, the highest viscosity and density cause high spray tip penetration, small spray angle, and high spray velocity. The addition of diesel oil, gasoline, and heating fuel reduces the viscosity and density so that the spray tip penetration decreases, the spray angle increases and the velocity of spray decreases.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON PERFORMANCE AND DURABILITY OF A DIESEL COMMON RAIL HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMP

Transport ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Mickevičius ◽  
Stasys Slavinskas ◽  
Raimondas Kreivaitis
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
High Pressure Pump ◽  
Fuel Pump ◽  
Fuel Delivery

This paper presents a comparative experimental study for determining the effect of ethanol on functionality of a high pressure pump of the common rail fuel injection system. For experimental durability tests were prepared two identical fuel injection systems, which were mounted on a test bed for a fuel injection pump. One of the fuel injection systems was feed with diesel fuel; other fuel injection system was fuelled with ethanol–diesel fuel blend. A blend with 12% v/v ethanol and 88% v/v diesel fuel and low sulphur diesel fuel as a reference fuel were used in this study. To determine the effect of ethanol on the durability of the high pressure pump total fuel delivery performance and surface roughness of pump element were measured prior and after the test. Results show that the use of the ethanol–diesel blend tested produced a negative effect on the durability of the high pressure fuel pump. The wear of plungers and barrels when using ethanol–diesel fuel blend caused a decrease in fuel delivery up to 30% after 100 h of operation.

scholarly journals Performance of an agricultural engine using mineral diesel and ethanol fuels

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Silveira de Farias ◽  
◽  
José Fernando Schlosser ◽  
Alexandre Russini ◽  
Ulisses Giacomini Frantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Agricultural Use

ABSTRACT: The global demand for alternatives for mineral diesel oil is growing due to the need for satisfying sustainability and environmental requirements, forcing industries and research institutions to develop new alternative fuels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance parameters of an agricultural engine using two different fuels: mineral diesel oil and ethanol. The experiment was conducted on a dynamometric stand using two engines for agricultural use but with a modified fuel injection system, suitable for both diesel and ethanol, in the speed range 1200-2300rpm. The performance of the engines was analyzed considering the power take-off from the tractors for each fuel, as established in the standard NBR ISO 1585. The data obtained showed that at the working speed that provides 540rpm at the power take-off, the engine performance changed when powered by ethanol, with a reduction in the maximum power and increased specific fuel consumption.

Characterization of N-Butanol High Pressure Injection From Modern Common Rail Injection System

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongyang Gao ◽  
Kelvin Xie ◽  
Shui Yu ◽  
Xiaoye Han ◽  
Meiping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Direct Imaging

Increasing attention has being paid to alternative fuels that have the potential to reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel dependence. The alcohol fuel n-butanol, as one of the advanced biofuels, can be potentially utilized as a partial or complete substitute for the diesel fuel in diesel engines. Experimental results from literature, as well as from the authors’ previous research, have shown promising trend of low soot and nitrogen oxides emissions from the combustion with n-butanol high pressure direct injection. However, due to the significant fuel property differences between n-butanol and diesel, the fuel delivery mechanism and combustion control algorithm need to be optimized for n-butanol use. A better understanding of the high pressure n-butanol injection characteristics, such as the injector opening/closing delays and spray droplet sizes, can provide the guidance for the control optimization and insights to the empirical observations of engine combustion and emissions. Meanwhile, the experimental data could be used for the model development of the n-butanol high pressure fuel injection events. In this work, injection rate measurement, high-speed video direct imaging, and phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) analysis of neat n-butanol and diesel fuel have been conducted with a light-duty high pressure common-rail fuel injection system. The injection rate measurement was performed with an offline injection rate analyzer at 20 bar backpressure to obtain the key parameters of the injector opening/closing delays, and the instantaneous pressure rise. The spray direct imaging was carried out in a pressurized chamber, and the PDA measurement was conducted on a test bench at ambient temperature and pressure. The injector dynamics and spray behavior with respect to the different fuels, variation of injection pressures, and variation of injection durations are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of physical properties of mixture of diesel and biodiesel fuels on hydrodynamic characteristics of fuel injection system

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Ivan Filipovic ◽  
Boran Pikula ◽  
Goran Kepnik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

One of the alternative fuels, originating from renewable sources, is biodiesel fuel, which is introduced in diesel engines without major construction modifications on the engine. Biodiesel fuel, by its physical and chemical properties, is different from diesel fuel. Therefore, it is expected that by the application of a biodiesel fuel, the characteristic parameters of the injection system will change. These parameters have a direct impact on the process of fuel dispersion into the engine cylinder, and mixing with the air, which results in an impact on the quality of the combustion process. Method of preparation of the air-fuel mixture and the quality of the combustion process directly affect the efficiency of the engine and the level of pollutant emissions in the exhaust gas, which today is the most important criterion for assessing the quality of the engine. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the influence of physical properties of a mixture of diesel and biodiesel fuels on the output characteristics of the fuel injection system. The following parameters are shown: injection pressure, injection rate, the beginning and duration of injection, transformation of potential into kinetic energy of fuel and increase of energy losses in fuel injection system of various mixtures of diesel and biodiesel fuels. For the analysis of the results a self-developed computer program was used to simulate the injection process in the system. Computational results are verified using the experiment, for a few mixtures of diesel and biodiesel fuels. This paper presents the verification results for diesel fuel and biodiesel fuel in particular.

scholarly journals Computational investigations on port injected DEE in a biogas inducted HCCI engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Karthick Jairam ◽  
Feroskhan Mohammed Musthafa ◽  
Kishorre Annanth Vijayan ◽  
Manimaran Renganathan
Keyword(s):  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Injection Mode

Owing to global climate change and atmospheric pollution, several automobile manufacturing companies look for homogeneously charged engines to satisfy strict emission levels. In the present work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigations have been carried out to showcase the homogeneity of air-fuel mixture formation by port fuel injection and manifold fuel injection of a Biogas-Diethyl Ether (DEE) homogeneous charge compression engine (HCCI). The distributions of equivalence ratio based on fuel and the total air-fuel mixture is formulated and found to be in close agreement with the literature. Earlier investigations have shown that the use of biogas as a single fuel causes lower power output compared to other alternative fuels. Hence the present study is planned to use biogas with DEE as an ignition improver via fuel injection systems to find the best suitable fuel injection system. In the mesh independent study, port injection mode is found to perform better against the manifold injection mode when compared with the homogeneity factor. Iso-volumes of excess-air ratio based on biogas, diethyl ether and other variables such as the density, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent dissipation rate of air-fuel mixture influencing the homogeneity and equivalence ratio are studied for better in-cylinder distribution under the port injection mode.

scholarly journals Tribological study of high-pressure fuel pump operating with ethanol-diesel fuel blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
Gvidonas LABECKAS ◽  
Stasys SLAVINSKAS ◽  
Tomas MICKEVIČIUS ◽  
Raimondas KREIVAITIS
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Pump ◽  
Common Rail Injection System ◽  
Fuel Blends

This paper presents comparative experimental study’s results of ethanol-diesel fuel blends made effects on operational properties of a high-pressure fuel pump of a common rail injection system. The two identical fuel injection systems mounted on a test bed of the fuel injection pumps were prepared for the experimental durability tests. The lubricity properties of ethanol-diesel fuel blends E10 and E20 blends were studied using a four-ball tribometer. The test results showed that long-term (about 100 hours) using of ethanol-diesel blends produced a negative effect on the durability of the high-pressure fuel pump. Due to the wear of plunger-barrel units the decrease in the fuel delivery rate occurred of about 39% after the 100 h of continuous operation with ethanol-diesel fuel blends. The average friction coefficients of ethanol-diesel fuel blend E10 was lower than that of the normal diesel fuel. After the 100 hours of operation with ethanoldiesel fuel blend E10, the measured wear scar diameter was 10% higher than that of a fossil diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Fuel Properties on the Fuel Spray and Jet Characteristics in a HGV DI Diesel Engine Operated by Used Cooking Oils

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buland Dizayi ◽  
Hu Li ◽  
Alison S. Tomlin ◽  
Adrian Cunliffe
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Fuel Jet ◽  
Jet Characteristics

Fuel injection systems in modern diesel engines are designed and built to comply with very stringent environmental standards. They should also meet the highest level of fuel economy. Drivability, rapid response and easy and accurate control are a common demand. Changing the fuel characteristics could affect the performance of the fuel injection system. This study focuses on the evaluation of fuel spray characteristics of straight used cooking oil (SUCO) and its blends with petroleum diesel (PD) as a surrogate for pure PD. Used cooking oil blends have quite different physical properties from those of pure PD. Data for the lower heating value (LHV), density and viscosity were obtained from laboratory analysis. These data were merged with the physical and thermodynamic conditions of the diesel engine of interest to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of the fuel jet in 360° of crank rotation namely, the compression stroke, and the power stroke including the injection process. Engine operational conditions were calculated using a diesel dual thermodynamic cycle taking into account fuel injection adjustment at three different speeds, namely, idle speed, maximum torque speed and rated power speed. The results showed that fuel jet characteristics vary with SUCO content in the fuel blend. Two ranges of SUCO content in the blends were distinguished, 0 – 80% SUCO content and 80 – 100% SUCO content. Both showed a constant rate of change of jet characters per 10% increase in SUCO content in the fuel blend. Lower rates of change of fuel characters were observed at 0-80% SUCO content. The higher the temperature, the lower the rate of change of fuel jet characteristics.

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