Does Neighborhood Gentrification Create School Desegregation?

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Kfir Mordechay ◽  
Jennifer B. Ayscue
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Desegregation ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
School Level ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Color Experience ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Background/Context Race and class inequality have long governed patterns of residential and school segregation across America. However, as neighborhoods across the country that have historically been home to residents of color experience an influx of White and middle-class residents, new questions arise as to whether these demographic shifts in neighborhoods correspond to school-level demographic changes. Purpose: This study examines Washington, DC's, most gentrifying areas, and the impact on racial diversity in local public schools. Research Design This quantitative study draws on data from the decennial census, the American Community Survey, and the National Center for Educational Statistics. Findings/ Results: This study finds evidence that school enrollment patterns in Washington, DC's, most rapidly gentrifying areas have seen a reduction in racial segregation, more so in traditional public schools than in charters. Although this trend is promising, a high level of racial segregation remains, and progress is still needed to ensure that newly integrated neighborhoods also mean desegregated schools. Conclusions/Recommendations Given barriers to school desegregation efforts, gentrification is offering a unique opportunity to create racially and economically diverse schools. However, managing the process of gentrification such that it supports school desegregation requires coordinated and targeted policies that underscore the fundamental relationships among housing, communities, and schools.

scholarly journals Evaluating medical education regulation changes in Brazil: workforce impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Medeiros Figueiredo ◽  
Danette Waller McKinley ◽  
Adriano Massuda ◽  
George Dantas Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Shortages and inequitable distribution of physicians is an obstacle to move towards Universal Health Coverage, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. In Brazil, expansion of medical school enrollment, curricula changes and recruitment programs were established to increase the number of physicians in underserved areas. This study seeks to analyze the impact of these measures in reduce inequities in access to medical education and physicians’ distribution. Methods This is an observational study that analyzes changes in the number of undergraduate medical places and number of physicians per inhabitants in different areas in Brazil between the years 2010 and 2018. Data regarding the number of undergraduate medical places, number and the practice location of physicians were obtained in public databases. Municipalities with less than 20,000 inhabitants were considered underserved areas. Data regarding access to antenatal visits were analyzed as a proxy for impact in access to healthcare. Results From 2010 to 2018, 19,519 new medical undergraduate places were created which represents an increase of 120.2%. The increase in the number of physicians engaged in the workforce throughout the period was 113,702 physicians, 74,771 of these physicians in the Unified Health System. The greatest increase in the physicians per 1000 inhabitants ratio in the municipalities with the smallest population, the lowest Gross Domestic Product per capita and in those located in the states with the lowest concentration of physicians occurred in the 2013–2015 period. Increase in physician supply improved access to antenatal care. Conclusions There was an expansion in the number of undergraduate medical places and medical workforce in all groups of municipalities assessed in Brazil. Medical undergraduate places expansion in the federal public schools was more efficient to reduce regional inequities in access to medical education than private sector expansion. The recruitment component of More Doctors for Brazil Program demonstrated effectiveness to increase the number of physicians in underserved areas. Our results indicate the importance of public policies to face inequities in access to medical education and physician shortages and the necessity of continuous assessment during the period of implementation, especially in the context of political and economic changes.

scholarly journals DAMPAK SISTEM ZONASI DALAM PERMENDIKBUD NO. 20 TAHUN 2019 DI KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-347
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nurul Huda ◽  
Ach. Khoiri
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
High Schools ◽  
School Level ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Admission Process ◽  
New Students ◽  
The Many ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Impact

Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 20 of 2019 concerning Amendments to the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 51 of 2018 concerning the Admission of New Students in Kindergartens, Elementary Schools, Junior High Schools, Senior High Schools, and Vocational High Schools is a guideline for public schools from kindergarten to high school level to implement the Zoning system for the admission process of new students.The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the effectiveness of the enactment of the minister of education and culture regulation number 20 of 2019 for schools, students, and parents / guardians in Pamekasan. This research uses empirical methods or non-doctrinal research. This type of research was chosen because the subject of the research plan seeks to trace and study the impact of the enactment of the minister of education and culture regulation number 20 of 2019 for schools, students, and parents in Pamekasan.Of the 220 respondents, divided from teachers, parents / guardians and students, the results of the respondents' level of understanding of the Zoning system PPDB really understood. Schools disobedience to PPDB Zoning system are private schools and schools that are under the auspices of the Ministry of Religion. In addition, the ineffectiveness of the PPDB Zoning system in Pamekasan Regency is the result of the many educational institutions that are under the auspices of Islamic boarding schools.

Population-Level Measures to Predict Obesity Burden in Public Schools: Looking Upstream for Midstream Actions

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasantha P. Jayawardene ◽  
David K. Lohrmann ◽  
Stephanie Dickinson ◽  
Mohammad R. Torabi
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
School Level ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose: To estimate school-level obesity burden, as reflected in prevalence of obesity, based on the characteristics of students’ socioeconomic and geographic environments. Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data. Setting: Public schools (N = 504) from 43 of 67 counties in Pennsylvania. Participants: Kindergarten through grade 12 students (N = 255 949). Measures: School-level obesity prevalence for the year 2014 was calculated from state-mandated student body mass index (BMI) measurements. Eighteen aggregate variables, characterizing schools and counties, were retrieved from federal data sources. Analysis: Three classification variables—excess weight (BMI ≥ 85th percentile), obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile), and severe obesity (BMI > 35% or 120% of 95th percentile)—each with 3 groups of schools (low-, average-, and high-prevalence) were created for discriminant function analysis, based on state mean and standard deviation of school distribution. Analysis tested each classification model to reveal school- and county-level dimensions on which school groups differed from each other. Results: Discriminant functions for obesity, which contained school enrollment, percentage of students receiving free/reduced-price lunch, percentage of black/Hispanic students, school location (suburban/other), percentage of county adults with postsecondary education, and percentage of county adults with obesity, yielded 67.86% correct classification (highest accuracy), compared to 34.23% schools classified by chance alone. Conclusion: In the absence of mandated student BMI screenings, the model developed in this study can be used to identify schools most likely to have high obesity burden and, thereafter, determine dissemination of enhanced resources for the implementation of proven prevention policies and programs.

School Discipline Policies, Perceptions of Justice, and In-School Delinquency

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1343-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica R. Fissel ◽  
Pamela Wilcox ◽  
Marie Skubak Tillyer
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Crime ◽  
Disciplinary Practices ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Based ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Discipline Policies ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
The Impact

School crime has been a national issue for nearly 40 years and remains a concern for students, administrators, parents, and the public. Schools engage in numerous strategies aimed at curbing crime, ranging from harsh disciplinary practices to proactive strategies focused on gaining student compliance. This study examines the impact of disciplinary practices on in-school delinquency, while also considering the influence of students’ perceptions of injustice. Using student- and school-level data from the Rural Substance Abuse and Violence Project and hierarchical Poisson regression analyses, findings reveal that students’ perceptions of injustice were significantly related to in-school delinquency, while proactive and reactive discipline practices, spanning the punitiveness continuum, were not. The findings provide tentative guidance for school-based discipline management policies and practices.

Injecting Charter School Best Practices into Traditional Public Schools: Evidence from Field Experiments *

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 1355-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland G. Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Charter Schools ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
School Level ◽  
Traditional Public Schools ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study examines the impact on student achievement of implementing a bundle of best practices from high-performing charter schools into low-performing, traditional public schools in Houston, Texas, using a school-level randomized field experiment and quasi-experimental comparisons. The five practices in the bundle are increased instructional time, more effective teachers and administrators, high-dosage tutoring, data-driven instruction, and a culture of high expectations. The findings show that injecting best practices from charter schools into traditional Houston public schools significantly increases student math achievement in treated elementary and secondary schools—by 0.15 to 0.18 standard deviations a year—and has little effect on reading achievement. Similar bundles of practices are found to significantly raise math achievement in analyses for public schools in a field experiment in Denver and program in Chicago.

Operationalizing the Intersection of Racial and Socioeconomic Diversity in Predicting School-Level Academic Achievement

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-961
Author(s):  
R. Aaron Wisman
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
School Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Jefferson County ◽  
School Diversity ◽  
Socioeconomic Diversity ◽  
Regression Design

Since Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education et al., school districts seeking to voluntarily integrate schools have designed a host of metrics to structure within-school diversity using characteristics of students’ neighborhoods rather than the race of individual students. This study utilizes a correlational–multiple regression design to investigate the efficacy of one such measure of socioeconomic/racial diversity, the diversity index (DI) of Jefferson County Public Schools, in predicting the aggregate academic achievement of students within a school. Moreover, this study seeks to compare the relative efficacy of the DI with other common measures of socioeconomic and racial diversity analogous to component factors of the DI. Metrics such as the DI provide an opportunity for researchers to better understand the intersections of poverty and race as well as their relationship with academic achievement. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

“Healing Alone?”: Social Capital, Racial Diversity and Health Care Inequality in the American States

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Care Access ◽  
American States ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level ◽  
Domain I ◽  
The Impact

There is an influential tradition in political science that social capital, defined as mutual trust and civic engagement, is linked to better substantive outcomes for citizens in democracies. Recently, scholars who link social capital to race and inequality have challenged this favorable picture of social capital. This study draws from the scholarly discussion on how social capital affects inequality in diverse societies. Focusing on the health care domain, I use a new dynamic measure of social capital to evaluate the “social capital thesis” and “racial diversity thesis” of inequality. Moreover, I explore how these two political forces are intertwined with each other in shaping the unequal health care access across American states. Key empirical findings confirm that social capital and racial diversity are counterbalancing forces shaping health care inequality. Despite it reduces health care inequality, the impact of social capital is tempered with high level of racial diversity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document