Essential elements, conceptual foundations and workflow design in crowd-powered projects

2022 ◽  
pp. 016555152110624
Author(s):  
Celso A S Santos ◽  
Alessandro M Baldi ◽  
Fábio R de Assis Neto ◽  
Monalessa P Barcellos
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
User Tasks ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
Specific Project

Crowdsourcing arose as a problem-solving strategy that uses a large number of workers to achieve tasks and solve specific problems. Although there are many studies that explore crowdsourcing platforms and systems, little attention has been paid to define what a crowd-powered project is. To address this issue, this article introduces a general-purpose conceptual model that represents the essential elements involved in this kind of project and how they relate to each other. We consider that the workflow in crowdsourcing projects is context-oriented and should represent the planning and coordination by the crowdsourcer in the project, instead of only facilitating decomposing a complex task into subtask sets. Since structural models are limited to cannot properly represent the execution flow, we also introduce the use of behavioural conceptual models, specifically Unified Modeling Language (UML) activity diagrams, to represent the user, tasks, assets, control activities and products involved in a specific project.

Unified Modeling Language

2005 ◽  
pp. 2921-2928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Fettke
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Object Oriented Systems

Mature engineering disciplines are generally characterized by accepted methodical standards for describing all relevant artifacts of their subject matter. Such standards not only enable practitioners to collaborate, but they also contribute to the development of the whole discipline. In 1994, Grady Booch, Jim Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson joined together to unify the plethora of existing object-oriented systems engineering approaches at semantic and notation level (Booch, 2002; Fowler, 2004; Rumbaugh, Jacobson, & Booch, 1998). Their effort led to the Unified Modeling Language (UML), a well-known, general-purpose, tool-supported, process-independent, and industry-standardized modeling language for visualizing, describing, specifying, and documenting systems artifacts. Table 1 depicts the origin and descent of UML.

Generic Framework for Defining Domain-Specific Models

2005 ◽  
pp. 1266-1273
Author(s):  
Arnor Solberg ◽  
John Oldevik ◽  
Audun Jensvoll
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Development Teams ◽  
Software Development Teams ◽  
System Development Methodologies ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Specific Modeling

As a result of the widespread popularity of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) (OMG, 2003-1), many companies have invested in introducing a UML-based methodology. There are many general purpose UML-based methodologies on the market today; among the most popular are UP (Jacobson, Booch & Rumbaugh, 1999), RUP (Kruchten, 2000), Catalysis (D’Souza & Wills, 1998), Select Perspective (Allen & Frost, 1998), and KOBRA (Atkinson et al., 2001). Typically, these general purpose software system development methodologies do not immediately fulfill a company’s need. Aiming to provide methodologies that may be applied in many domains and for many purposes, these general purpose methodologies typically become extensive and are perceived as overwhelming. At the same time they typically lack support for the more exclusive needs that the companies and domains encounter. Thereby, introducing a general purpose methodology in an organization commonly implies two particular challenges that at first sight seems to be contradictory. On one hand there is a problem that the general purpose methodology provides/prescribes far too much and encounters too many situations. On the other hand the general purpose methodology does not support specific modeling concepts, mechanisms, and techniques wanted by the particular company or development group. Thus, in that respect the general purpose methodology actually covers too little. This state of affairs is why lots of consultants, researchers, and others are in the business of helping companies to introduce these methodologies, as well as customizing general purpose methodologies to be appropriate for the actual company and purpose. The customization is typically tuned based on different criteria such as domain, kind of customers, quality demands, size of the company, and size of the software development teams. A common way of customizing a general purpose methodology is by removing, adding, and/or merging prescribed tasks, phases, roles, and models/artifacts of the methodology. However, even if introduction of a general purpose methodology almost always requires a customization effort, there does not seem to be any standard and formalized way of doing it.

scholarly journals The Effects of Construct Redundancy on Readers' Understanding of Conceptual Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palash Bera ◽  
Geert Poels
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
System Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Information System Development ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Domain Models ◽  
Class Diagrams ◽  
Novice Readers

This paper investigates the effect of construct redundancy on readers' understanding of conceptual models. Conceptual models play a crucial role in understanding the domain related to information system development. The clarity of such models can be compromised if they are constructed using a conceptual modelling grammar exhibiting construct redundancy where one real-world phenomenon maps to two or more grammar constructs. With two empirical studies on solving domain-related problems using Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagrams as conceptual domain models, it was found that when construct redundancy is present at different strengths, then the effect of the redundancy on the understanding of a model depends on the modeling knowledge of the reader. Novice readers with minimal modeling knowledge find models difficult to interpret when a strong level of redundancy caused by distinct construct redundancy exists. However, when the models have a weak level of redundancy then these readers find them easier to understand compared to models without redundancy. In contrast, trained readers are indifferent to a weak level of redundancy in a model.

scholarly journals Desenvolvimento e Avaliação de um Perfil UML para Modelagem de Jogos Educacionais Digitais

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Lucas Rodrigues De Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carolina Gondim Inocêncio ◽  
Heitor Augustus Xavier Costa ◽  
Paulo Afonso Parreira Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Educational Games ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Software Modeling ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Domain Models

UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a general purpose language for software modeling, moreover, is the language most known and used for graphical representation of models. Just the elements preexisting in the UML (Unified Modeling Language) may not be sufficient to facilitate understanding of specific domain models. An example of specific problem domain is the Digital Educational Games (DEGs). In this paper, we describe the UP4EG, a UML profile for DEGs modeling, using UML class diagrams. The UP4EG gathers many stereotypes and tagged values divided into six packages that represent the main elements that a DEG should present. From an experimental study on the proposed profile with computer science students, it was realized that number of errors and the time spent for the identification of the main elements of a DEG can be improved when this profile is used in the modeling of this type of software.

Unified Modeling Language 2.0

2011 ◽  
pp. 3871-3879
Author(s):  
Peter Fettke
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Object Oriented Systems

Mature engineering disciplines are generally characterized by accepted methodical standards for describing all relevant artifacts of their subject matter. Such standards not only enable practitioners to collaborate, but they also contribute to the development of the whole discipline. In 1994, Grady Booch, Jim Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson joined together to unify the plethora of existing object-oriented systems engineering approaches at semantic and notation level (Booch, 2002; Fowler, 2004; Rumbaugh, Jacobson & Booch, 1998). Their effort leads to the unified modeling language (UML), a well-known, general-purpose, tool-supported, processindependent, and industry-standardized modeling language for visualizing, describing, specifying, and documenting systems artifacts.

A METHODOLOGY FOR MODELING MULTIMEDIA DATABASES

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 523-543
Author(s):  
G. COSTAGLIOLA ◽  
R. FRANCESE ◽  
A. MUSTO ◽  
G. POLESE
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Data Models ◽  
Multimedia Databases ◽  
User Interactions ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Multimedia Information Systems ◽  
High Level ◽  
Logical Data

The modeling of multimedia databases in the context of multimedia information systems is a complex task. The designer has to model the structure and the dynamic behavior of multimedia objects, together with possible user interactions with them. These can include content-based queries, and dynamic presentations, which might both require the construction of special index structures on the stored data. In this paper we present a methodology for the design of multimedia databases. The methodology extends some of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams with constructs to model the structure of multimedia objects, their dynamic behavior, presentation layout, and user interactions. These constructs allow a designer to model important aspects of database oriented multimedia applications. As a consequence, it is possible to construct refinement techniques to map our high level models onto logical data models of several target multimedia DBMSs. In particular, we describe how to map our conceptual models onto extended relational data models.

Efficient large-scale configuration via integer linear programming

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Feinerer
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Linear Program ◽  
Integer Linear Program ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Modeling Environment

AbstractConfiguration of large-scale applications in an engineering context requires a modeling environment that allows the design engineer to draft the configuration problem in a natural way and efficient methods that can process the modeled setting and scale with the number of components. Existing configuration methods in artificial intelligence typically perform quite well in certain subareas but are hard to use for general-purpose modeling without mathematical or logics background (the so-called knowledge acquisition bottleneck) and/or have scalability issues. As a remedy to this important issue both in theory and in practical applications, we use a standard modeling environment like the Unified Modeling Language that has been proposed by the configuration community as a suitable object-oriented formalism for configuration problems. We provide a translation of key concepts of class diagrams to inequalities and identify relevant configuration aspects and show how they are treated as an integer linear program. Solving an integer linear program can be done efficiently, and integer linear programming scales well to large configurations consisting of several thousands components and interactions. We conduct an empirical study in the context of package management for operating systems and for the Linux kernel configuration. We evaluate our methodology by a benchmark and obtain convincing results in support for using integer linear programming for configuration applications of realistic size and complexity.

Asymmetry in Identification of Multiplicity Errors in Conceptual Models of Business Processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Cheryl L. Dunn ◽  
Gregory J. Gerard ◽  
Severin V. Grabski ◽  
Scott R. Boss
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Business Relationships ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Mandatory Participation ◽  
Uml Class Diagram ◽  
Maximum Multiplicity

ABSTRACT Business rules can be represented by multiplicities in a Unified Modeling Language (UML) class diagram. Diagrams containing erroneous multiplicities may be implemented as an inefficient/ineffective database. System validators must be able to validate such diagrams, including multiplicities, to prevent the implementation of design errors. Prior research reveals conflicting evidence regarding the expected accuracy in validating minimum multiplicities, indicating a need for additional research to further our understanding. Ontology research claims that multiplicities that depict optional participation are ambiguous and lead to poorer understanding and accuracy compared to multiplicities that depict mandatory participation. However, other research has reported better accuracy validating multiplicities that depict optional participation compared to mandatory participation. We conducted an experiment to help resolve this apparent contradiction, and to explore whether any asymmetry exists in accuracy for maximum multiplicity validation. Results indicate an asymmetry for validation of minimum multiplicities such that accuracy is greatest when the underlying semantics represent mandatory participation. Results also indicate an asymmetry for validation of maximum multiplicities such that accuracy is greatest when the underlying semantics represent flexible participation. Given that many business relationships call for optional minimum participation and that many business relationships call for restrictive maximum participation, these error identification asymmetries are cause for concern.

Perancangan dan Pembuatan Aplikasi Pendeteksi Kesalahan Penempelan Barcode pada Kemasan Produk Menggunakan Sistem Arduino Uno dan Sistem Komputasi (Studi Kasus PT. Duta Nichirindo Pratama)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Ade Sumaedi ◽  
Makhsun Makhsun ◽  
Achmad Hindasyah
Keyword(s):  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Database Design ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Design System ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Uml Diagrams ◽  
Arduino Uno ◽  
Menu Design ◽  
A Company

PT. Duta Nichirindo Pratama is a company engaged in the field of Autoparts Manufacture. Barcode is the identity of an item / product on the package. Barcode technology has been used as the identity of goods in a production. Barcodes are used to facilitate the identification of goods produced. Paste the barcode on the packaging of packaging results at PT. Duta Nichirindo Pratama is done manually, but there are often errors attached to the barcode on a similar packaging. This research will design and create a system based on Visual Basic.Net and Arduino to select barcode attachment errors that have the potential to be sent to consumers. The system is designed using Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams, database design and interface menu design. The system created will then be tested to detect the black box test. With a computing-based design system that functions to detect barcodes on the packaging automatically, the problem of sticking barcodes on the packaging can be detected.

Pengaruh Penerapan Strategi Pemecahan Masalah dalam Pembelajaran Kooperatif Pendekatan Struktural Think Pair Share (TPS) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atma Murni ◽  
Rini Dian Anggraini ◽  
Sakur
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Learning Outcome ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Problem Solving Strategy ◽  
Solving Strategy

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan Strategi Pemecahan Masalah dalam pembelajaran kooperatif pendekatan struktural Think Pair Share (TPS) terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian pra eksperimental menggunakan desain penelitian perbandingan kelompok statis. Instrumen pengumpulan data meliputi tes keterampilan mahematika awal dan tes hasil belajar matematika. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh strategi pemecahan masalah dalam pembelajaran kooperatif pendekatan struktural Think Pair Share (TPS) terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru.   The aim of this study was to know the influence of Problem Solving Strategy implementation in cooperative learning of structural approach Think Pair Share (TPS) to mathematics learning outcome of VIII class students of SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru. This study use pre experimental research design using The static group comparison research design. The instruments of  data collection include early mahematics skills test and mathematics learning outcome test. Data were analyzed using t test. The result of this study showed that there is influence of problem solving strategy in cooperative learning of structural approach Think Pair Share (TPS)  to mathematics learning outcome  of  VIII class students of SMP Negeri 14 Pekanbaru

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