Dietary fat intake, body composition and blood lipids of university men and women

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marita M Neville ◽  
J Geppert ◽  
Y Min ◽  
G Grimble ◽  
Michael A Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Men And Women

Background: Cardiovascular disease rates are high in the UK, particular in men, and are related to dietary fat intake. We conducted a pilot study to investigate relationships between saturated and unsaturated dietary fat intakes, body composition and blood lipid parameters in Caucasian men and women at university. Methods: Volunteers (52 men and 52 women; age range 20–50 years) were recruited from staff and students of London Metropolitan University. Dietary intake, body composition, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose and lipids were assessed. Gender differences between the measured variables and their relationships were assessed by Mann–Whitney U-test, and by multi-linear (stepwise) regression, respectively. Results: Men consumed more saturated fat (29.5 vs 20.5 g/day, p < 0.001), and had elevated levels of glucose (5.34 + 0.74 vs 4.85 + 0.49 mmol/l, p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (2.99 + 1.5 vs 2.62+ 0.74 mmol/l, p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (126.4 + 11.0 vs 112.6 + 17.2 mm/Hg, p < 0.001), and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (1.41 ± 0.34 vs 1.83 ± 0.43, p < 0.001). Saturated fat was positively associated with total body fat (  p < 0.05), trunk fat (  p < 0.001), HDL cholesterol (  p < 0.05) and systolic blood pressure (  p < 0.001) in women, while in men docosahexaenoic acid and total cholesterol (  p < 0.05), total omega-3 fatty acids and LDL cholesterol (  p < 0.001), total omega-3 fatty acids and triglycerides (  p < 0.01) were positively related. Similar n-3 fatty acid intakes were reported in nutritionally aware students and other university subjects. Conclusions: The data of this study indicate gender-related differences in response to dietary fat, and widespread low compliance with n-3 fatty acid recommendations. Although the men are highly health conscious and physically active, their blood lipid levels are indicative of a risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition to enhanced nutritional education to increase seafood intakes in this age group of men and women, customised dietary and lifestyle advice may be required in the men.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome—Role of Dietary Fat Type and Quantity

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fat ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
The Impact

Background: Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) over and above that related to type 2 diabetes. The optimal diet for the treatment of metabolic syndrome is not clear. Materials and Methods: A review of dietary interventions in volunteers with metabolic syndrome as well as studies examining the impact of dietary fat on the separate components of metabolic syndrome was undertaken using only recent meta-analyses, if available. Results: Most of the data suggest that replacing carbohydrates with any fat, but particularly polyunsaturated fat, will lower triglyceride(TG), increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and lower blood pressure, but have no effects on fasting glucose in normal volunteers or insulin sensitivity, as assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps. Fasting insulin may be lowered by fat. Monounsaturated fat (MUFA) is preferable to polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) for fasting insulin and glucose lowering. The addition of 3–4 g of N3 fats will lower TG and blood pressure (BP) and reduce the proportion of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Dairy fat (50% saturated fat) is also related to a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in cohort studies.

Abstract P120: Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Middle-Aged Adults Reduces Cardiometabolic Risk in Men but not Women

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Newlon ◽  
Matthew Muldoon ◽  
Susan Sereika ◽  
Dora Kuan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Background: Greater consumption of omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk. Randomized controlled trials indicate direct, albeit small, beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on plasma triglycerides and blood pressure, yet few studies have tested their impact on insulin resistance and the clustered risk factors comprising the metabolic syndrome. Hypothesis: Short-term supplementation with marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) will improve aggregated cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in healthy middle-aged adults Methods: We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group clinical trial. Subjects were 30-54 year-old adults free of atherosclerotic disease and diabetes whose intake of EPA and DHA totaled <300 mg/day. Each was randomly assigned to daily fish oil supplements (2g/day containing 1000 mg EPA and 400mg DHA) or matching soybean oil placebo for 18 weeks. Aggregate CMR at baseline and post-intervention was calculated as the standardized sum of standardized distributions of blood pressure, BMI, and fasting serum triglycerides, glucose, and HDL (reverse scored). Missing data due to dropouts (n=17) and outliers (1-6 per variable) were replaced by multivariate imputation. Outcome analyses were conducted with linear regressions of all randomized subjects based on intention-to-treat. Results: Participants were 272 healthy adult (57% (154 out of 272) women; 17% (47 out of 272) minority; mean age 42) Pittsburgh-area residents. At baseline, demographics, health parameters, physical activity and EPA and DHA consumption did not differ significantly between treatment groups. No overall treatment effect was found, whereas gender moderated the effects of treatment on CMR risk (gender, p=.001 and gender*treatment interaction term p=.011). In gender-specific analyses, supplementation lowered CMR risk relative to placebo in men(p=.036, effect size=.629, standard error (SE) =.282) but not women (p=.168, effect size .261, SE=.222). Of the individual CMR variables, only HDL-cholesterol in men revealed a significant improvement (p=.012). In men receiving placebo, HDL-cholesterol fell by 1.1 mg/dl, whereas in those receiving fish oil, HDL rose by 1.7 mg/dl. As has been noted in other samples, compared to women men had greater CMR and lower HDL-cholesterol. Conclusions: Increased intake of n-3 fatty acids over 4 months reduced CMR in healthy, mid-life men but not women. This finding may be due to poorer baseline CMR and HDL characteristic of men, or to gender differences in fatty acid metabolism. Further study of gender differences in cardiometabolic risk and fatty acid metabolism may lead to gender-tailored preventive interventions.

scholarly journals “A Comparative Study of Efficacy of Atorvastatin Alone and Atorvastatin with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Combination in Patients with Hyperlipidaemia Attending Tertiary Care Hospital”

2021 ◽  
pp. 482-490
Author(s):  
C. Srinivasa ◽  
K. La Kshminarayan ◽  
V. Srinivas ◽  
B. V. S. Chandrasekhar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Current treatment with statins has become an integral part of vascular diseases but monotherapy has a significant residual event rate. Due to particularly one of the factor associated with atherogenic lipid phenotype that is characterized by a low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and increase in non-HDL cholesterol like Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). Omega-3 Fatty acids have demonstrated a preventiverole in primary and, particularly secondary cardiovascular diseases.  Hence this study was planned to compare the efficacy of Atorvastatin alone with Atorvastatin and Omega-3 fatty acids in treatment in hyperlipidaemia patients. Methods: The study was comparative, randomized, and prospective and open labeled conducted in MI patients. A total of 100 patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided randomly into two Groups (Group–A and Group-B). Group-A was given Atorvastatin 10mg/day and Group-B was given Atorvastatin 10mg/day and Omega-3 fatty acids 600mg/day for 6 months. Follow up was done every month and efficacy was measured by assessing the lipoprotein levels in serum. Results: The results were compared before treatment and after 6 months treatment.The levels were significantly decreased Total Cholesterol (TC), LDL, Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), Triglycerides (TG) and HDL levels were increased in Group–A and Group-B. When these results compared between two Groups the HDL levels were increased also it shown high significance (<0.001) but there were no significance changes in other cholesterol levels. Conclusion: The present study results showed that Atorvastatin and Omega-3 fatty acids treatment was more effective than Atorvastatin alone treatment in improving HDL-C levels from base line and it may have a additive effect in major coronary artery diseases.

scholarly journals The intake assessment of diverse dietary patterns on childhood hypertension: alleviating the blood pressure and lipidemic factors with low-sodium seafood rich in omega-3 fatty acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Izadi ◽  
Leila Khedmat ◽  
Reza Tavakolizadeh ◽  
Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Childhood Hypertension

Abstract Background Childhood hypertension (CH) is related to the dietary intake and diversity of children. The study aimed to assess the critical role of dietary diversity, and seafood long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) in reducing CH among the Iranian community. Methods A cross-sectional two-phase study with 7–12-year-old Iranian students was designed. In the initial phase, the socio-demographic characteristics, and blood pressure status (normal, pre-hypertension, and hypertension) based on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure data were assessed. The 24-h dietary recall questionnaire was used to generate the dietary diversity score (DDS, count of consumed food groups) and dietary variety score (DVS, the cumulative number of daily consumed food items). In the second phase, the association between CH reduction and changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) levels of schoolchildren intervened by a seafood diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids were assessed using the regression analyses. Results The pre-hypertension and hypertension prevalence rates were 7.8 and 9.15%, respectively. CH was significantly associated with age, gender, and DDS. A significant inverse association was found between the high intake of seafood and CH (P = 0.032). The gas-chromatography analysis showed the high presence of α-linolenic (ALA, 6.72%), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 7.62%), docosapentaenoic (DPA, 5.88%), and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 18.52%) acids in the seafood-based diet (p <  0.05). The low blood pressure levels with regular consumption of this healthy-functional diet were significantly associated with a reduction in BMI, LDL, TC, and TG, and a remarkable increase in 25OHD and HDL levels. The multiple linear regression showed that the SBP was highly associated with the TC (p <  0.001; β = 0.464). Conclusions The age and DDS were efficient predictors for the different CH status. A regular seafood-rich dietary pattern due to the high LC n-3 PUFAs contents could significantly reduce the obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on cardio-metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siavash Fazelian ◽  
Fatemeh Moradi ◽  
Shahram Agah ◽  
Akramsadat Hoseini ◽  
Hafez Heydari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Parameters

Abstract Background Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have been suggested as a beneficial supplement in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, but the results of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate all the RCTs about the impact of omega-3 FAs supplementation on cardiometabolic outcomes and oxidative stress parameters in patients with CKD. Methods We performed a systematic database search in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central, up to May 2020. We included all placebo-controlled randomized trials that assessed the effect of omega-3 FAs supplementation on any cardiometabolic outcomes: blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or triglycerides (TG) and oxidative stress parameters. Data were pooled using DerSimonian–Laird’s random-effects model. Results Finally, thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria for this review omega-3 FAs supplementation significantly decrease TC (SMD: -0.26; 95% CI: − 0.51, − 0.02; I2 = 52.7%), TG (SMD: -0.22; 95% CI: − 0.43, − 0.02; I2 = 36.0%) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (SMD: -0.91; 95% CI: − 1.29, − 0.54; I2 = 00.0%) and also significantly increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.90; I2 = 00.0%) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (SMD: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.86; I2 = 00.0%) activities. However our results show that omega-3 FAs supplementation have no significant effects on HDL, LDL and blood pressure. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis supports current evidence for the clinical benefit of omega-3 FAs intake to improve cardiometabolic parameters in CKD patients. However, well-designed RCTs still needed to provide a conclusive picture in this field.

scholarly journals Abdominal Fat Distribution and Cardiovascular Risk in Men and Women With Different Levels of Glucose Tolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 3340-3347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine H. Scheuer ◽  
Kristine Færch ◽  
Annelotte Philipsen ◽  
Marit E. Jørgensen ◽  
Nanna B. Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

Context:Regional fat distribution rather than overall obesity has been recognized as important to understanding the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease.Objective:We examined the associations of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with cardiovascular risk factors in a Caucasian population of men and women with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, or screen-detected diabetes.Design, Setting, and Participants:The study was based on cross-sectional analysis of data from 1412 adults age 45–80 years. VAT and SAT were assessed by ultrasound. The associations of VAT and SAT with blood pressure and lipids were examined by linear regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, glucose tolerance status (GTS), medication use, and body mass index. Effect modification by GTS and sex was examined, and stratified analyses performed.Results:Independent of SAT and overall obesity, VAT was associated with higher triglyceride and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in both men and women and additionally associated with higher total cholesterol in men. SAT was independently associated with higher total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in both sexes, and SAT was additionally associated with higher triglyceride and lower HDL cholesterol levels in women and with higher blood pressure in participants with diabetes.Conclusion:Both abdominal VAT and SAT are independent of overall obesity associated with cardiovascular risk in a population of men and women at low to high risk of diabetes or with screen-detected diabetes.

A randomized controlled trial of the effects of flaxseed lignan complex on metabolic syndrome composite score and bone mineral in older adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Cornish ◽  
Philip D. Chilibeck ◽  
Lisa Paus-Jennsen ◽  
H. Jay Biem ◽  
Talaei Khozani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density

A randomized double-blind placebo controlled study design was used to assess the effects of flaxseed lignan complex supplementation during exercise training on a metabolic syndrome composite score and osteoporosis risk in older adults. A total of 100 subjects (≥50 years) were randomized to receive flaxseed lignan (543 mg·day–1 in a 4050 mg complex) or placebo while completing a 6 month walking program (30–60 min·day–1, 5–6 days·week–1). Fasting serum glucose, triacylglycerol (TAG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured every 2 months, while body composition, bone mineral density, and resting blood pressure were assessed at baseline and at 6 months. A composite Z score of 6 risk factors for metabolic syndrome (fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, TAG, abdominal adiposity, blood pressure, and inflammatory cytokines) was calculated at baseline and at 6 months. Men taking placebo increased metabolic syndrome composite Z score (p < 0.05), but there were no changes in the other groups. A significant group × sex × time interaction was noted for TAG (p = 0.017) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.046), with men taking flaxseed lignan decreasing diastolic blood pressure relative to men taking placebo, and men taking placebo increasing TAG relative to men taking flax lignan. There were no differences between groups for change in bone measures, body composition, lipoproteins, or cytokines. Males taking the flaxseed lignan complex reduced metabolic syndrome score relative to men taking placebo, but a similar trend was not seen in females. Flaxseed lignan had no effect on bone mineral density or content, body composition, lipoproteins, glucose, or inflammation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on the Improvement of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: A Double-blind, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Zamanian ◽  
Rasoul Zarrin ◽  
Samira Faraji ◽  
Parvin Ayramloy ◽  
Behzad Rahimi Darabad
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiac Ischemia ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Double Blind

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a set of metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Omega-3 fatty acids may play a role in improving metabolic syndrome by affecting endothelial status. Aim: To study the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic syndrome in patients with cardiac ischemia. Materials and Methods: This was a 12-weeks, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety patients with a history of cardiac ischemia and metabolic syndrome were randomly divided into intervention (n=45) and placebo (n=45) groups. In the end, 86 people completed the study. The intervention group consumed daily Omega-3 capsules containing 1000 mg fish oil, 180 mg EPA and 120 mg DHA. The placebo group took gelatin-containing capsules. Serum triglycerides, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) were measured at baseline and the end of the study and weight, waist circumference, Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured at baseline, middle and end of the study. Independent t-test was used for comparing the baseline and mean changes. The variables that measured in three times were compared using repeated measurement test between two groups. Paired t-test was performed to compare within group differences. Results: Serum triglyceride, FBS, weight and systolic blood pressure decreased and serum HDL increased compared to the placebo group. There were no significant changes in serum cholesterol, LDL, BMI, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure after omega-3 administration. Conclusion: Omega-3 supplementation for 12 weeks improves some of the indicators of metabolic syndrome in individuals with ischemic heart disease. (IRCT Code: IRCT20190819044563N1).

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and development of prehypertension

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
В.В. Шерстнев ◽  
М.А. Грудень ◽  
В.П. Карлина ◽  
В.М. Рыжов ◽  
А.В. Кузнецова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Optimal Blood Pressure

Цель - исследование взаимосвязи факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и развития предгипертонии. Методика. Проведен сравнительный и корреляционный анализы показателей модифицируемых и немодифицируемых факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у обследованных лиц в возрасте 30-60 лет с «оптимальным» артериальным давлением, (n = 63, АД <120/80 мм рт.ст.) и лиц с предгипертонией (n = 52, АД = 120-139/80-89 мм рт.ст.). Результаты. Показано, что лица с предгипертонией по сравнению с группой лиц, имеющих «оптимальное» артериальное давление характеризуются статистически значимо повышенным содержанием холестерина и холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности, интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности, а также значимыми сочетаниями факторов риска: повышенный уровень холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности с интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; повышенное содержание креатинина с уровнем триглициридов; наследственная отягощенность по заболеваниям почек и интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; наследственная отягощенность по сахарному диабету и гипертрофия левого желудочка сердца. У лиц с предгипертонией документированы перестройки структуры взаимосвязи (количество, направленность и сила корреляций) между показателями факторов риска в сравнении с лицами, имеющими «оптимальное» артериальное давление. Заключение. Выявленные особенности взаимосвязей факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при предгипертонии рассматриваются как проявление начальной стадии дизрегуляционной патологии и нарушения регуляции физиологических систем поддержания оптимального уровня артериального давления. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and development of prehypertension. Methods. Comparative and correlation analyses of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease were performed in subjects aged 30-60 with «optimal» blood pressure (n = 63, BP <120/80 mm Hg) and prehypertension (n = 52, BP = 120-139 / 80-89 mm Hg). Results. The group with prehypertension compared with the «optimal» blood pressure group had significantly increased serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, sedentary/intellectual type of occupation, and significant combinations of risk factors. The risk factor combinations included an increased level of LDL cholesterol and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; increased serum levels of creatinine and triglycerides; hereditary burden of kidney disease and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; hereditary burden of diabetes mellitus and cardiac left ventricular hypotrophy. In subjects with prehypertension compared to subjects with «optimal» blood pressure, changes in correlations (correlation number, direction, and strength) between parameters of risk factors were documented. Conclusion. The features of interrelationships between risk factors for cardiovascular disease observed in prehypertension are considered a manifestation of early dysregulation pathology and disordered regulation of physiological systems, which maintain optimal blood pressure.

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