Whey protein and vitamin D supplementation in institutionalized older adults: A randomized trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110606
Author(s):  
Tamy Colonetti ◽  
Antônio Jose Grande ◽  
Franciani Rodrigues da Rocha ◽  
Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola ◽  
Lisiane Tuon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
And Control

Background: The increase in life expectancy and in the number of individuals over 60 years old brings new demands to health professionals and services based on the physiological changes that occur in this population. The aging process results in changes in body composition, increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass, in addition to a reduction in bone mass. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whey protein and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty older adults (>60 years old) were randomized and allocated in three groups: group receiving resistance training and supplementation receiving resistance training, whey protein and vitamin D; group received resistance and placebo training receiving resistance training and placebo, and control group without any intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results: The mean age was 74.87 (± 8.14) years. A significant difference ( p = 0.042) was observed between the group receiving resistance training and supplementation and control groups in relation to lean mass increase (kg) at 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of intervention, there was a significant increase in Relative index of muscle mass for the two groups that underwent resistance training, group received resistance and placebo training ( p = 0.042) and group receiving resistance training and supplementation ( p = 0.045), in relation to the control. Conclusion: Combined supplementation of whey protein and vitamin D with resistance training can significantly improve lean mass, total mass, and relative index of muscle mass in institutionalized older adults.

scholarly journals Preservation of Lean Mass upon Combined Lifestyle Intervention in Older Adults with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes During 6-Months Follow-Up After RCT (PROBE Study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 53-53
Author(s):  
Robert Memelink ◽  
Anke Bongers ◽  
Wilrike Pasman ◽  
Mariëtte van Rijmenam ◽  
Suzan Wopereis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Lean Mass

Abstract Objectives Weight loss is a key element in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but also a risk factor for lean mass (LM) loss in older adults. We evaluated whether a whey protein drink enriched with leucine and vitamin D preserved LM during 3-month lifestyle intervention and whether effects sustained during 6 months follow-up after intervention (FU). Methods 123 older adults (66 ± 6 y) with obesity (BMI 34 ± 4 kg/m2) and T2D participated in a 3-month lifestyle intervention with dietary advice (−600 kcal/d) and resistance exercise (3×/wk). In this double-blind RCT (PROBE) subjects were randomised to receive 10×/wk a test (21 g protein) or isocaloric control (0 g protein) drink. LM, appendicular muscle mass (AMM), leg muscle mass (LMM), and fat mass (FM) were assessed with DXA. Mixed linear model analysis was used with baseline value in the outcome vector and adjustment for stratification factors sex and SU-derivate use. Data represent EMM ± SE (within group) or 95% CI (between groups). Results 105 subjects completed intervention and 76 subjects participated in FU. At 3 months, body weight (−2.2 ± 0.4 kg, P < 0.001, test; −2.9 ± 0.4 kg, P < 0.001, control) and FM (−2.6 ± 0.4 kg, P < 0.001, test; −2.5 ± 0.4 kg, P < 0.001, control) were reduced without differences between groups. LM and AMM were increased in test (+0.57 ± 0.27 kg, P = 0.03; +0.39 ± 0.13 kg, P < 0.01) and unchanged in control (−0.35 ± 0.26 kg, P = 0.18; +0.03 ± 0.12 kg, P = 0.80), with significant difference between groups (+0.92 kg, 95% CI 0.19–1.65, P = 0.015; +0.36 kg, 95% CI 0.01–0.71, P = 0.047). At FU (without test or control drink), the difference in LM and AMM between groups had disappeared while both groups still had significantly improved body composition compared to baseline, as reflected by decreased FM (−2.4 ± 0.4 kg, < 0.001, test; −2.6 ± 0.4 kg, < 0.001, control) and increased or preserved LM (+0.88 ± 0.32 kg, 0.007; +0.54 ± 0.32 kg, 0.09) and AMM (+0.46 ± 0.15 kg, 0.002; +0.31 ± 0.15 kg, 0.03). Conclusions Use of a whey protein drink enriched with leucine and vitamin D during a combined lifestyle intervention showed beneficial effects on lean mass in older adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Preservation of lean mass was sustained after 6 months follow-up, without differences between treatment groups. Funding Sources Grant: Topsector Agri & Food, The Netherlands. Financial support for study conduct: Danone Nutricia Research.

scholarly journals L-Leucine Supplementation for Preserving Lean Mass During Low Calorie Diet in Sarcopenic Obese Women: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A19-A19
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Camajani ◽  
Agnese Persichetti ◽  
Savina Contini ◽  
Carla Lubrano ◽  
Massimiliano Caprio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Homa Index ◽  
Leucine Supplementation ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet

Abstract Background: In sarcopenic obese subjects it is essential to reduce body weight and to preserve lean mass, in order to avoid a worsening of muscle function (1). Several studies have shown that leucine supplementation can be useful to improve skeletal muscle mass in sarcopenic patients (2). Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of a short-term low calorie diet (LCD) combined with combined supplementation with whey protein, leucine and vitamin D on weight loss, lean mass and muscle strength in sarcopenic, obese, hyperinsulinemic and menopause women. Materials and methods: 16 female with mean age: 58.1 years (range: 47–69 years), BMI 37.6 Kg/m2 (range: 31,7 - 44,1 Kg/m2), HOMA-index ≥ 2.5, were assigned to an LCD regimen (1000 kcal/day) with supplementation of 18 g protein, 4 g leucine and 5 mcg vitamin D for 45 days. Anthropometric indexes, blood and urine chemistry, body composition by DEXA, muscle strength by handgrip test and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) were assessed at baseline and at the end of the treatment. Results: A significant reduction of BMI (35,7 vs 37,6 Kg/m2), waist circumference (102,4 vs 107 cm), HOMA index (2,3 vs 4,8) and fasting insulin (10,4 vs 17,4 μIU/ml) was observed in all patients. Women preserved total lean body mass (57 vs 55 %) and improved significantly muscle strength, as measured by handgrip (22,2 vs 18,6 Kg) and SPPB (8,9 vs 7,5). Conclusion: We conclude that LCD with adequate protein intake and a supplementation with whey protein, leucine and vitamin D should be promoted to maintain muscle mass and improve muscle strength in menopause women with sarcopenic obesity. References: 1. Batsis JA, Villareal DT. Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018 Sep;14(9):513–5372. Bauer JM, Verlaan S, Bautmans I, Brandt K, Donini LM, Maggio M, McMurdo ME, Mets T, Seal C, Wijers SL, Ceda GP, De Vito G, Donders G, Drey M, Greig C, Holmbäck U, Narici M, McPhee J, Poggiogalle E, Power D, Scafoglieri A, Schultz R, Sieber CC, Cederholm T. Effects of a vitamin D and leucine-enriched whey protein nutritional supplement on measures of sarcopenia in older adults, the PROVIDE study: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015 Sep 1;16(9)

scholarly journals Combining Amino Acid and Vitamin D Supplementation with Exercise Training Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss in Participants with Low Muscle Mass

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ha Cao Thi Thu ◽  
Satoshi Kurose ◽  
Yaeko Fukushima ◽  
Nana Takao ◽  
Natsuko Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Supplement Group

This study evaluated the impact of exercise training with amino acid and vitamin D supplementation on muscle and bone mass in participants with low muscle volume. Twenty-nine Japanese participants (56-84 years old) were enrolled and assigned into the supplement (n=15) and non-supplement (n=14) groups. All participants underwent a 6-month exercise program. Supplements and nutrition support were provided to the participants in the supplement group for 12 weeks. Body composition and whole bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The outcomes, including body composition, whole BMD, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), were evaluated twice: pre- and post-intervention. The SMI was 6.51(6.28; 7.14) and 5.58 (5.24; 6.05) (kg/m2) in men and women, respectively. The average SMI change was 0.13% (-0.05%; 0.31%) and 2.33% (-0.88%; 5.48%); [mean (lower; upper quartile)]. The average BMD loss in the non-supplement group was -2.78%, and the BMD increased in the supplement group by 4.34%; there was an absolute difference between the two groups (p<0.05). After the intervention, serum myostatin was changed (p=0.001, non-supplement>supplement), serum vitamin D was increased (p=0.03; supplement>non-supplement), and BMD was maintained (p=0.03, supplement>non-supplement). There was a significant difference in the serum myostatin level at baseline and at 6-month in the non-supplement group, with a mean difference of 483.78 ng/ml (p=0.01). There was no significant improvement in the total lean mass, and handgrip strength. Resistance exercise combined with an amino acid supplement affects muscle and bone mass in the short-term intervention.

scholarly journals Effects of daily 24-gram doses of rice or whey protein on resistance training adaptations in trained males

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Moon ◽  
Kayla M. Ratliff ◽  
Julia C. Blumkaitis ◽  
Patrick S. Harty ◽  
Hannah A. Zabriskie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background Large (48-g), isonitrogenous doses of rice and whey protein have previously been shown to stimulate similar adaptations to resistance training, but the impact of consuming smaller doses has yet to be compared. We evaluated the ability of 24-g doses of rice or whey protein concentrate to augment adaptations following 8 weeks of resistance training. Methods Healthy resistance-trained males (n = 24, 32.8 ± 6.7 years, 179.3 ± 8.5 cm, 87.4 ± 8.5 kg, 27.2 ± 1.9 kg/m2, 27.8 ± 6.0% fat) were randomly assigned and matched according to fat-free mass to consume 24-g doses of rice (n = 12, Growing Naturals, LLC) or whey (n = 12, NutraBio Labs, Inc.) protein concentrate for 8 weeks while completing a standardized resistance training program. Body composition (DXA), muscular strength (one-repetition maximum [1RM]) and endurance (repetitions to fatigue [RTF] at 80% 1RM) using bench press (BP) and leg press (LP) exercises along with anaerobic capacity (Wingate) were assessed before and after the intervention. Subjects were asked to maintain regular dietary habits and record dietary intake every 2 weeks. Outcomes were assessed using 2 × 2 mixed (group x time) factorial ANOVA with repeated measures on time and independent samples t-tests using the change scores from baseline. A p-value of 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals on the changes between groups were used to determine outcomes. Results No baseline differences (p > 0.05) were found for key body composition and performance outcomes. No changes (p > 0.05) in dietary status occurred within or between groups (34 ± 4 kcal/kg/day, 3.7 ± 0.77 g/kg/day, 1.31 ± 0.28 g/kg/day, 1.87 ± 0.23 g/kg/day) throughout the study for daily relative energy (34 ± 4 kcals/kg/day), carbohydrate (3.7 ± 0.77 g/kg/day), fat (1.31 ± 0.28 g/kg/day), and protein (1.87 ± 0.23 g/kg/day) intake. Significant main effects for time were revealed for body mass (p = 0.02), total body water (p = 0.01), lean mass (p = 0.008), fat-free mass (p = 0.007), BP 1RM (p = 0.02), BP volume (p = 0.04), and LP 1RM (p = 0.01). Changes between groups were similar for body mass (− 0.88, 2.03 kg, p = 0.42), fat-free mass (− 0.68, 1.99 kg, p = 0.32), lean mass (− 0.73, 1.91 kg, p = 0.37), fat mass (− 0.48, 1.02 kg, p = 0.46), and % fat (− 0.63, 0.71%, p = 0.90). No significant between group differences were seen for BP 1RM (− 13.8, 7.1 kg, p = 0.51), LP 1RM (− 38.8, 49.6 kg, p = 0.80), BP RTF (− 2.02, 0.35 reps, p = 0.16), LP RTF (− 1.7, 3.3 reps, p = 0.50), and Wingate peak power (− 72.5, 53.4 watts, p = 0.76) following the eight-week supplementation period. Conclusions Eight weeks of daily isonitrogenous 24-g doses of rice or whey protein in combination with an eight-week resistance training program led to similar changes in body composition and performance outcomes. Retroactively registered on as NCT04411173.

Vitamin D Supplementation and Body Composition Changes in Collegiate Basketball Players A 12-Week Randomized Control Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Hew-Butler ◽  
Carrie Aprik ◽  
Brigid Byrd ◽  
Jordan Sauborin ◽  
Matthew VanSumeren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Collegiate Basketball ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Composition Changes

Abstract BackgroundVitamin D promotes bone and muscle growth in non-athletes, suggesting supplementation may be ergogenic in athletes. Our primary aim was to determine if modest Vitamin D supplementation augments favorable body composition changes (increased bone and lean mass, decreased fat mass) and performance in collegiate basketball players following 12-weeks of standardized training. MethodsMembers of a men’s and women’s NCAA D1 Basketball team were recruited. Volunteers were randomized to receive either a weekly 4000IU Vitamin D3 supplement (D3) or placebo (P) over 12-weeks of standardized pre-season strength training. Pre- and Post-measurements included: 1) serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D); 2) body composition variables (total body lean, fat and bone mass) using a dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan; and 3) vertical jump test to assess peak power output. Dietary intake was assessed using Food Frequency questionnaires. Main outcome measures included changes (∆: post- minus pre-intervention) in serum 25-OH-vitamin, body composition, and performance.ResultsEighteen of 23 players completed the trial (8 females/10 males). Eight received the placebo (20±1years; 3 females) while ten received Vitamin D3 (20±2years; 5 females). Weekly Vitamin D3 supplementation induced non-significant increases (∆) in serum 25-OH-vitamin D (2.6±7.2 vs. -3.5±5.3ng/mL;p=0.06), total body bone mineral content (BMC) (73.1±62.5 vs. 84.1±46.5g;p=0.68), and total body lean mass (2803.9±1655.4 vs. 4474.5±11389.8g; p=0.03), plus a non-significant change in body fat (-0.5±0.8 vs. -1.1±1.2%; p=0.19) (Vitamin D3 vs. placebo supplementation groups, respectively). Pre 25-OH-D correlated with both Δ total fat mass (g) (r=0.65;p=0.003) and Δ total body fat% (r=0.56;p=0.02). No differences noted in peak power output ∆ between the D3 vs. P group(-127.4±335.4 vs. 50.9±9W;NS). Participants in the D3 group ingested significantly fewer total calories (-526.2±583.9 vs. -10.0±400kcals;p=0.02) and sodium (-991.4±986.1 vs. 174.1±573.6mg;p=0.02) than participants in the P group.ConclusionsModest (~517IU/day) vitamin D3 supplementation did not enhance favorable changes in total body composition or performance, over 3-months of training, in collegiate basketball players. We alternatively exposed the potential role of sodium on bone metabolism. More practically speaking, weight training provides a robust training stimulus for bone and lean mass accrual, which likely predominates over isolated supplement use with adequate dietary intakes.Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN14155111. Registered 3 November 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14155111

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