Probationary Services in a Pandemic. Results from an empirical study in Austria

2021 ◽  
pp. 026455052110508
Author(s):  
Monika Stempkowski ◽  
Christian Grafl
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Everyday Work ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

In March 2020 the first lockdown due to COVID-19 was imposed in Austria, forcing NEUSTART, the organisation providing probationary services, to adapt the way of interacting with their clients. An online survey was conducted examining how these changes affected the everyday work of the probation officers. Results indicated that they managed to stay in contact with their clients, although difficulties could be observed concerning specific groups. Further questions concerned areas such as domestic violence, strains due to the restrictions experienced as well as coping strategies used by the clients. Concerning the well-being of the probation officers, differences were found between residents of urban and rural areas respectively as well as between people living with or without children. The lack of personal contact with clients and colleagues proved to be the most important source of discomfort, while at the same time working from home entailed certain advantages.

Intimate Partner Violence, Animal Maltreatment, and Concern for Animal Safekeeping: A Survey of Survivors Who Owned Pets and Livestock

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110342
Author(s):  
Crystal J. Giesbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Domestic Violence Shelters ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

An online survey was completed by victims/survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), living in both urban and rural areas, who owned pets and/or livestock. The majority of the sample had not received services from domestic violence shelters and services. Quantitative and qualitative data regarding barriers to accessing support and escaping IPV are presented for both pet and livestock owners. Using validated measures of IPV and animal abuse, differences in experiences of IPV are described for victims who had experienced their partners mistreat their animals and those who had not. Recommendations are offered for training, legislation, and pet-friendly domestic violence shelters and rental housing.

scholarly journals Social Progress Index for Urban and Rural Areas of a Region: Evidence from Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-435
Author(s):  
Maylee Inga-Hancco ◽  
Adamari Indigoyen-Porras ◽  
Sergio Parra-Alarcón ◽  
Juan Cerrón-Aliaga ◽  
Wagner Vicente-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Organization ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The present study describes the methodological process proposed by the Social Progress Imperative Global Organization to calculate the Social Progress Index in urban and rural areas of the province of Huancayo, Peru, in 2020. The survey was based on 229 observations regarding basic human needs, foundations of well-being and opportunities. The result produced an index of 56.04 for urban areas and 53.98 for rural areas; results that are in the low and low middle range respectively, identifying deficiencies in the quality of economic policies, with respect to the sanitation service, where more than 30% do not have access to drinking water, and others. It was concluded that the index showed no improvement with respect to 2019, likewise the social gaps still persist and the well-being of the aforementioned population was not increased.

scholarly journals Age sequences of the elderly’ social network and its efficacies on well-being: an urban-rural comparison in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Zheng ◽  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Family Network ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Background Although social network is a known determinant of the elderly’s well-being, it is not clear, in urban-rural and age-comparison, what its structural characteristics are and how it works for well-being. The research aims to discuss the features of the elderly’s social network and the social network efficacies on the well-being of older adults in China’s urban and rural areas as well as revealing the urban-rural disparities among the elderly of different age groups. Methods In this study, descriptive statistical analysis and structural equation Modeling (SEM) were used to make a group comparison between the urban and rural elderly of different age groups. All data are quoted from 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS). The survey adopted the multi-stage probability sampling method, targeting Chinese senior citizens aged 60 and above, the ultimate samples totaled 11,511. Results The social network of the elderly in China feature a “reverse structure” in age sequences: with ageing, family network of the elderly expand while their friend network shrink; also, the expansion scale of the rural elderly’s family network is significantly larger than that of the city’s while the shrinkage scale of their friend network is smaller compared with its urban counterpart. The effect of family network on the rural elderly’s well-being shows a remarkable increase with age. However, there is no noticeable change in urban elderly groups of different ages. Conclusion The social network characteristics of the Chinese elderly are different between different age stages. Namely, the family network and the friend network have the “reverse structure “ in age sequences. Meanwhile, the family network and the friend network have different efficacies on the well-being of the elderly in China, and the differences between urban and rural areas are even more obvious. For rural elderly, family network has very important effects on their well-being. Moreover, With the increase of age, family network’s efficacies increase gradually. For urban elderly, comparatively, family network is just as important as friend network.

An Examination of Domestic Violence Advocates’ Responses to Reproductive Coercion

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 2082-2106
Author(s):  
Sara A. McGirr ◽  
Heather D. Bomsta ◽  
Cortney Vandegrift ◽  
Katie Gregory ◽  
Beth Ann Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Reproductive Coercion ◽  
Marginalized Women ◽  
Type Of Abuse

Reproductive coercion (RC) is a form of intimate partner violence (IPV) that continues to lack adequate attention by both researchers and practitioners. RC is defined as “male partners’ attempts to promote pregnancy in their female partners through verbal pressure and threats to become pregnant (pregnancy coercion), direct interference with contraception (birth control sabotage), and threats and coercion related to pregnancy continuation or termination (control of pregnancy outcomes).” This type of partner violence can have serious consequences on a survivor’s health and well-being. Despite the fact that RC has been reported by many women experiencing IPV, and that this type of abuse appears to be disproportionately targeted against marginalized women, little is known about the extent to which advocates either proactively or reactively address it. To redress this, the current study involved a brief online survey sent to domestic violence victim service advocates across the United States and its territories. More than 700 advocates responded about their comfort, practices, and perceived barriers related to RC and survivors’ sexual health. Despite identifying (a) low levels of discomfort when discussing most topics relating to RC and (b) few barriers to discussing RC, few advocates reported regularly engaging in RC-related practices. Both greater levels of discomfort and identification of more barriers were associated with less frequent coercion-related practice. Study implications highlight the need for more specialized advocate training, and organizational support for advocates to comfortably and safely provide information and support about RC to survivors.

scholarly journals HUMAN INTERDEPENDENCY FOR SUSTAINABLE WELL-BEING: STRUCTURAL INVARIANCE ACROSS SETTLEMENT AREAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisyah Abu Bakar ◽  
Mariana Mohamed Osman ◽  
Syahriah Bachok ◽  
Mizan Hitam ◽  
Alias Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Settlement Areas

This survey research examined the underlying structure of subjective sustainable well-being (SSWB) discovered in the relationships of (i) Human Interdependence with other Humans (HIH), (ii) Human Interdependence with the Environment (HIE), and (iii) subjective well-being (SWB). The objectives of the empirical analysis were (i) to assess the causal relationship between human interdependence and SWB which instituted the SSWB structural model, and (ii) to evaluate the settlement areas-invariant of the causal structure of SSWB. The data was collected from self-reported questionnaires administered to 4315 working Malaysians. The findings of the structural equation modelling supported the adequacy of SSWB. The results also found that settlement areas, in particular the urban, sub-urban and rural areas, appeared to moderate the structural relationships of SSWB.

scholarly journals Value conflict among adolescents in relation to modernization

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-198
Author(s):  
Savita Rathour ◽  
Tejpreet K. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Value Conflict ◽  
Urban Girls ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Different choices and actions are rooted in values which define what an individual considers good or beneficial to his well being. The necessity of making choices cause conflict and it is very natural, it arises when two or more incompatible goals are active at the same time. Modern era is characterized by technological development and economic prosperity on one hand and cut-throat competition and value erosion on the other. This paradoxical situation affects adolescent’s ability to decide between sets of values which in turns may or may not associated with value conflict. The present study is an attempt to investigate the relationship between adolescents’ attitude towards modernization and extent of value conflict among them. This study also reveals the contribution of modernization as a determinant in value conflict in terms of gender and locale. For the present study a sample of 400 adolescents was taken from six government and private colleges situated in urban and rural areas of Ludhiana district. Value conflict scale by Bhardwaj and Comprehensive Modernization Inventory by Ahluwalia and Kalia were used to collect the data. Results revealed that attitude of adolescents was significantly negatively correlated with value conflict among rural and urban girls and boys. On the basis of regression analysis there was a significant positive contribution of different dimensions of modernization on positive value assumption among adolescents. Adolescents with positive attitude towards different aspects of modernization had greater inclination towards positive values.

scholarly journals A Review on Antenatal Care in Developing Country Like India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 397-403
Author(s):  
Irin Ephrem ◽  
Ateendra Jha ◽  
A. R Shabaraya
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Maternal Health Care ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Antenatal care is the ‘care before birth’ to promote the well-being of mother and fetus, and it is essential to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, low-weight births and perinatal mortality. The care for the mother during pregnancy, during delivery, and after delivery is important for the wellbeing of the mother and the child. Maternal health-care vary within developing countries, which shows differences between affluent and poor women, and between women living in urban and rural areas. Health care service provision in India is very diverse, with rural services achieving considerably less coverage than their urban counterparts. It was found that following factors affects the antenatal care utilization maternal education, husband’s education, marital status, availability, cost, household income, women’s employment, media exposure and having a history of obstetric complications. If a woman visited health centre three or more than three times, her chances were 31 percent higher to deliver in an institution. Poorer women may prefer home-based delivery care. Lack of affordability might explain the large poor–rich inequalities in professional delivery attendance within urban and rural areas. Traditional beliefs and ideas about pregnancy also influence on antenatal care use. Older women would have accumulated knowledge on maternal health care and therefore would likely have more self-confidence on pregnancy and childbirth and thus, may give less importance to obtaining institutional care. Incomplete access and underutilization of modern healthcare services are major causes for poor health in the developing countries. There is a need of enhancing community awareness about the importance for educating women about early detection of complications during pregnancy and promptly seeking care, and about the importance of giving birth in a health facility. Keywords: Antenatal Care, Developing Countries.

Perceived impact of COVID-19 on sexual health and access to sexual health services among university students in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Wood ◽  
Christopher Quinn-Nilas ◽  
Alexander McKay ◽  
Jocelyn Wentland
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
Perceived Impact

We examined the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual health, sexual behaviour, well-being, and access to sexual health services among university students in Canada. Between December 2020 and January 2021, 1504 university students across Canada completed an online survey focused on overall sexual health, well-being, solitary sexual behaviours, partnered sexual interactions, and access to sexual health services. The survey was designed by the Sex Information & Education Council of Canada and administered by the Leger polling company. Reported levels of overall sexual health were high. Cisgender women reported significantly greater scores of COVID-19—related stress compared to cisgender men; LGBQ+ students had higher levels of stress compared to heterosexual participants. Overall, solitary sexual behaviours (i.e., masturbation, porn use, vibrator use) remained unchanged or were perceived to increase compared to the time before the pandemic. Cisgender men reported higher scores (i.e., greater perceived increases) on masturbation and porn use than cisgender women. Frequency of sex with casual partners was perceived as similar or lower than what was usual before the pandemic, and most participants did not engage in sex where the close personal contact put them or their partner at risk for COVID-19. Declines in access were reported for all sexual health care services surveyed, with cisgender women and students of colour more likely to report decreased access to services. Results highlight the need for targeted public health messaging regarding sexual behaviour, investment in sexual health services, and supports tailored to the needs of women, LGBTQ+ individuals, and people of colour.

Association Between Education and Domestic Violence Among Women Being Offered an HIV Test in Urban and Rural Areas in Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 2022-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benta A. Abuya ◽  
Elijah O. Onsomu ◽  
DaKysha Moore ◽  
Crystal N. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

scholarly journals A Framework for Assessing Benefits of Implemented Nature-Based Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Watkin ◽  
Ruangpan ◽  
Vojinovic ◽  
Weesakul ◽  
Torres
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Selection Of

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are solutions that can protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems in urban and rural areas, while providing many benefits and co-benefits including stormwater mitigation, biodiversity enhancement, and human well-being. As such, NBS have the potential to alleviate many of the environmental, social, and economic issues that we face today. Grey infrastructure, such as lined trenches and catch basins, pipes, and concrete dikes are frequently used for stormwater management and flood protection, but they do not provide many of the co-benefits that are common with NBS. Grey infrastructure is designed to quickly collect and remove rainwater, whereas NBS keep rainwater where it falls, and where it can be used by the environment. Many stakeholders lack knowledge of the capabilities and benefits of NBS, and as a result, they continue to rely on grey infrastructure in their projects. When information is made available on the benefits and how they can be quantitatively measured, it is hoped that NBS will be promoted to a mainstream infrastructure choice. A valuable way to quantify and highlight the benefits of NBS is by using an evaluation framework. There are several evaluation frameworks that qualitatively assess the potential benefits of possible NBS, however there is a need for quantitative frameworks that can assess the actual benefits (or performance) of implemented (or existing) NBS. This article presents an evaluation framework that aims to quantify the benefits and co-benefits of implemented NBS. The framework involves five main steps: (1) selection of NBS benefit categories, (2) selection of NBS indicators, (3) calculation of indicator values, (4) calculation of NBS grade, and (5) recommendations. The outcome of the framework is a single numerical grade that reflects the benefit functioning for an NBS site and values for each performance indicator. This information may be used by decision makers to determine their budget allocations to expand or construct a new NBS site, to update maintenance plans that will improve the benefits of that site, to set up programs to monitor the NBS benefits and co-benefits over time, and to schedule labour and resources for other NBS projects. The framework was tested and validated on a case study of NBS in Thailand. Through conversations with stakeholders and knowledge of the case study area, relevant categories and indicators were chosen. Using data and information obtained through various means, values for each indicator and the overall NBS grade were calculated. The values revealed which benefits were pronounced, those that were weak, and where improvements were required.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document