scholarly journals Severity of Child Sexual Abuse and Revictimization: The Mediating Role of Coping and Trauma Symptoms

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Fortier ◽  
David DiLillo ◽  
Terri L. Messman-Moore ◽  
James Peugh ◽  
Kathleen A. DeNardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Revictimization ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors

Child sexual abuse (CSA) has consistently been associated with the use of avoidant coping; these coping methods have been associated with increased trauma symptoms, which have, in turn, been linked to increased risk for adult sexual revictimization. Given these previous findings, the purpose of the current study was to test a model that conceptualized the relationships among these variables. Specifically, CSA severity was conceptualized as leading to the use of avoidant coping, which was proposed to lead to maintenance of trauma symptoms, which would, in turn, impact severity of revictimization indirectly. This comprehensive model was tested in a cross-sectional study of a large, geographically diverse sample of college women. Participants were 99 female undergraduates classified as having experienced CSA who completed measures of abuse history, coping style, current levels of trauma symptoms, and adult sexual revictimization. Multivariate path analysis indicated that the data fit the hypothesized model for verbally coercive, but not physically aggressive, revictimization. Specifically, increased CSA severity was associated with the use of avoidant coping, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of trauma symptomatology and severity of sexual coercion in adulthood. Although cross-sectional in nature, findings from this study suggest that coping strategies and trauma symptoms may represent modifiable factors that place women at increased risk for verbally coercive sexual revictimization.

scholarly journals Magnitude of Child Sexual Abuse and Its Associated Factors Among High School Female Students in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Legesse Abera Natae ◽  
Abdulahi Aliye ◽  
Kalbesse Tadesse ◽  
Alemu Guta
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Dire Dawa

Abstract Background: Child sexual abuse means any kind of sexual contact with a child under the age of 18 years. It is a common and serious public health problem affecting millions of people each year worldwide. It is the most neglected and least documented form of violence in Ethiopia among school girls. So, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and its associated factors among high school female students in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia.Methods: An institutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted, March, 1-23/2021. A stratified multistage sampling technique was used for quantitative data and 794 participants from selected high schools were included. A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used, and data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24. For qualitative data, sixteen in-depth interviews and five focus group discussion were conducted and analyzed thematically. Result: The magnitude of at least one form of sexual abuse were 384 (48.9%), of these, 150 (19.1%) were rape. Students who live alone 4.3 times (AOR=4.30;95 % CI: 1.81-10.24), those who lives with their friends 5 times (AOR=5.02: 95% CI: 2.24-11.24), and those who lives with their single parent 3 times (AOR=3.31: 95% CI: 1.23-8.89) more likely experience life time sexual abuse than those living with their both parents. The odds of experiencing life time sexual abuse among students of rural residence were 2 times higher than their urban counter part (AOR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.79-3.45). Students who don’t drink alcohol were 70% more protective than those who drink alcohol (AOR=0.70: 95% CI: 0.28-0.97).Conclusion: This study revealed that the magnitude of child sexual abuse among female students in Dire Dawa is high. Lack of discussion about sexual issue with parents, living without both parents, drinking alcohol, being rural residence had significant association with child sexual abuse. Unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and STIs were the most common reproductive consequences of sexual abuse. So, community-based comprehensive awareness creation on sexual and reproductive health issues, are recommended especially, at rural area.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional observational study on child sexual abuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Saradha Kandasamy Perumal ◽  
Sarankumar Sudhakar ◽  
Mithra Sampathkumar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A child sexual abuse (CSA) incident never comes into limelight unless it is a rape, probably because it could be an asymptomatic event causing only an emotional trauma or due to fear of revealing. It has been observed that sexually transmitted infections (STI) are in increasing trend among adolescents due to early sexual maturity, increased promiscuity and sexual offenses.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> An observational cross-sectional study was carried out for a group of 774 school children between the age group of 14-17 years using a structured questionnaire to estimate the level of unreported child sexual abuse and sexual awareness. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out in this study (SPSS 21.0).<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> It was observed that 5.5% of children had been abused among which 37.3 % and 62.7% were males and females respectively. 11.1% and 6.25% were abused in penetrative, 59.25% and 43.75% in non-penetrative forms among female and male victims respectively. Abusers were mainly family and friends (25.5%) followed by strangers (23.2%). 25.3% of unaffected and 27.9% of affected was aware of POSCO law. 88.3% of affected and 62.3% of unaffected rated good and above for the questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Unreported and silent victims have to be identified and addressed to prevent crimes and provide a safer environment for children. Implementation of POCSO law at the root level with sex education must be strengthened. Our study concluded that CSA is an extensive problem and even the lowest prevalence includes a huge number of victims who still need to be considered.</p>

scholarly journals Child Sexual Abuse among School Children of a Municipality: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (239) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma Shrestha ◽  
Swechhya Baskota ◽  
Urusha Karki ◽  
Lisasha Poudel ◽  
Niroj Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
School Children ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Sexual abuse remains a hidden and underreported form of violence against children and a serious public health concern. Although it results in severe mental, physical, and psychological risks with consequences such as depression, fear, and low self-esteem, it is still an unexplored and less prioritized area in Nepal. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse among school children of a municipality. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted among 405 students, aged below 18 of Mandan-Deupur Municipality, Kavrepalanchowk from April to May 2018. Ethical clearance was taken from Nepal Health Research Council (Ref no 2506). A simple random sampling technique was used to select the schools. Collected data were then entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage. Results: In overall, 64 (15.8%) (12.4-19.7 at 95% Confidence Interval) were found to be sexually abused, where a high prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse was reported for boys 46 (73.43%). Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, child sexual abuse is seen as a significant issue in the place studied. Awareness programs on child sexual abuse should be organized targeting children along with parents and community people.

scholarly journals Child Sexual Abuse Among Polish Adult Population: Prevalence and Abuse Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Agnieszka Guziak
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abuse Characteristics ◽  
N 93

The present study aimed to consolidate on and expand on existing knowledge on the issue of child sexual abuse (CSA) by identifying the prevalence of and characteristics of CSA among Polish adult population with inclusion of other gender identities and socio-demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional study was performed, using a self-reporting, anonymous, questionnaire. Data were analyzed by frequency/percentages, using SPSS software. A total of 234 individuals of various gender identity (male, female, non-binary, demigirl, agender, gender fluid) participated in the study (Mage = 22.52, SD = 6.65). The results indicate a 39.7% (N = 93) prevalence of CSA in the tested Polish population. Of the total sample, 13.2% knew other 3 or more individuals who suffered from CSA, 14.5% knew other 2 persons, and 26.1% knew one individual. Of the abused participants, 36.5% was of intra- and extrafamilial (51.6%) nature, whilst 11.8% experienced both. The mean age the first abuse occurred was 9.20 (SD = 3.43). The duration of CSA varied: 2 weeks up to 8 years. The most common type of violation was fondling (91.4%) and other sexual activities, excluding penetration (62.4%). All of the CSA victims experienced at least 2 types of sexual violation. The overall prevalence found in the current study was higher than expected, suggesting that victims may currently be more likely to self-report on CSA experiences, as majority of respondents, more than 80%, are in the 18-30 age group. It is suggested that there is a greater need for understating the scale of CSA in Poland and for inclusion of other gender identities in the research on this topic.

scholarly journals Child Sexual Abuse Revisited: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study Among Swiss Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-311.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meichun Mohler-Kuo ◽  
Markus A. Landolt ◽  
Thomas Maier ◽  
Ursula Meidert ◽  
Verena Schönbucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

mHealth Acceptance and Usage Among South Asian Adults in the US: A cross-sectional study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmavathy Ramaswamy ◽  
Diane M Santa Maria ◽  
Sahiti Myneni ◽  
Stanley Cron ◽  
Constance M Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Mhealth Apps ◽  
The U.S

BACKGROUND Modifiable factors such as physical inactivity and unhealthy diet contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes (DM) in South Asians (SAs). Interventions using mobile health (mHealth) could reduce the burden of CVD and DM in SAs living in the U.S. OBJECTIVE To examine the factors associated with the acceptance, and usage of mHealth applications (apps) among SA adults living in the U.S. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 134 SA adults were recruited from all across US. Self-reported measures included demographics, health status, motivations for using mHealth, technology acceptance and usage, and reasons for non-usage of mHealth apps. Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis analyses were conducted to compare group differences among current users, past users, and non-users of mHealth apps. RESULTS Most (62.4%) of the participants were current users of mHealth apps. The majority of users were 35-54 years old, female, healthy, employed, and university-educated, with an annual family income of over $80,000. There were no statistically significant differences in demographics, health status and chronic diseases among those surveyed. The mean scores for perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, confirmation of expectations, user satisfaction, and intent to continue using mHealth ranged from 3.5 to 4.2 (on a scale of 1-5). CONCLUSIONS More than half of the surveyed SA adults used and accepted mHealth.. The results from this study may help in selecting the most widely accepted mHealth apps for designing interventions for SA adults in the U.S. to lower the risk of CVD and DM.

scholarly journals Bullying victimization and child sexual abuse among left-behind and non-left-behind children in China

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yan ◽  
Qianqian Zhu ◽  
Xiaowen Tu ◽  
Xiayun Zuo ◽  
Chunyan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
Robust Tests ◽  
Bullying Programs

BackgroundBullying is one of the most important factors associated with child abuse. However, robust tests supporting the assumption that being bullied can contribute to child sexual abuse (CSA) among left-behind children (LBC) remain sparse. This study aims to investigate the association of bullying victimization with CSA among LBC in China.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in six middle schools of Sichuan and Anhui province in 2015. The bullying victimization was assessed by seven items from the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. The experience of CSA was measured by ten items CSA scale with good consistency.ResultsA total of 1,030 children met the sampling criteria, including 284 LBC and 746 non-LBC. The prevalence of CSA was 22.89% in LBC and 20.19% in non-LBC (p > 0.05). Bullying victimization was related to CSA among both LBC (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.52, 95% CI [1.34–4.73]) and non-LBC (aOR = 2.35, 95% CI [1.58–3.53]). The association between bullying victimization and CSA was much higher among left-behind girls (left-behind girls: aOR = 7.36, 95% CI [2.16–24.99]; non-left-behind girls: aOR = 2.38, 95% CI [1.08–5.27]). Also, LBC of a young age (11–15), children with siblings, living in rural areas and non-traditional family structure who were bullied were more likely to suffer CSA than their non-LBC peers.ConclusionsBullying victimization is associated with a significant increase in CSA among both LBC and non-LBC. Anti-bullying programs should target vulnerable populations including female LBC and LBC with siblings to reduce the risk of CSA.

scholarly journals Magnitude of child sexual abuse and its associated factors among high school female students in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Legesse Abera ◽  
Abdulahi Aliye ◽  
Kalbesse Tadesse ◽  
Alemu Guta
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Dire Dawa

Abstract Background Child sexual abuse (CSA) refers to the involvement of a child (< 18 years) in sexual activity that he or she does not fully comprehend, is unable to give informed consent to, or for which the child is not developmentally prepared and cannot give consent, or that violates the laws or social taboos of society. It is a serious public health problem affecting millions of people each year worldwide but the most neglected and least documented form of violence in Ethiopia among school girls. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of child sexual abuse and its associated factors among female high school students in the Dire Dawa administration, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among female high school students in Dire Dawa administration between March 1 and 23/2021. We employed stratified and multistage sampling techniques to include 794 participants from selected high schools. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 24. Results The proportion of students who reported at least one form of sexual abuse was 384 (48.9%) and approximately 19% of the students reported rape from the total respondents. Students who live alone 4.3 times (AOR 4.30; 95% CI 1.81–10.24), those who live with their friends five times (AOR 5.02; 95% CI 2.24–8.04), and those who live with their single parent three times (AOR 3.31; 95% CI 1.23–8.89) more likely to experience sexual abuse than those living with both parents. The odds of experiencing sexual abuse among students of rural residence were 3.2 times higher than their urban counterparts (AOR 3.2; 95% CI 2.02–4.51). Students who didn’t drink alcohol were 70% more protective than those who drank alcohol (AOR 0.70; 95% CI 0.28–0.97). Among rape survivors (64, 37.9%) developed unwanted pregnancies, 26.0% of them underwent an abortion, and (39, 26.0%) developed STI as an outcome of sexual abuse. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the magnitude of child sexual abuse among female students in Dire Dawa was high. Lack of discussion about sexual issues with parents, living without both parents, drinking alcohol, and being a rural residence had a significant association with child sexual abuse. Unwanted pregnancy, abortion, and STIs have been reported as reproductive health outcomes of rape. Therefore, policymakers should introduce and strengthen comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education both in school and out of school, in addition to formal education to reduce the magnitude of the problem. Parents should discuss all sexual and reproductive health issues with their children to reduce the magnitude and consequences of child sexual abuse.

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