Can Social Resources Explain the Limitations in the Activities of Daily Living of Older Adults Classified by the Phenotype of Physical Frailty?

2022 ◽  
pp. 073346482110642
Author(s):  
Claudia Venturini ◽  
Bruno de Souza Moreira ◽  
Eduardo Ferriolli ◽  
Anita Liberalesso Neri ◽  
Roberto Alves. Lourenço ◽  
...  

The objective is to investigate the mediating roles of living alone and personal network in the relationship between physical frailty and activities of daily living (ADL) limitations among older adults. 2271 individuals were classified as vulnerable (pre-frail or frail) or robust. Mediating variables were living alone and personal network. Katz Index and Lawton-Brody scale were used to assess ADL. Mediating effects were analyzed with beta coefficients from linear regression models using the bootstrapping method. Mediation analysis showed significant mediating effects of living alone (β = .011; 95% CI = .004; .018) and personal network (β = .005; 95% CI = .001; .010) on the relationship between physical frailty and basic ADL limitations. Mediation effects of living alone and personal network on the relationship between physical frailty and instrumental ADL limitations were β = −.074 (95% CI=−.101; −.046) and β = −.044 (95% CI = −.076; −.020), respectively. Physically vulnerable older adults who lived alone or had poor personal network were more dependent on basic and instrumental ADL.

Author(s):  
Lin-Yen Chen ◽  
Tzu-Jung Fang ◽  
Yu-Chih Lin ◽  
Hsiu-Fen Hsieh

With 16.15% of its total population aged 65 or above, Taiwan is already an aging society. Frailty is a natural consequence of aging, which may decrease physical strength and deteriorate physiological functioning. We examined the mediating effects of cognitive function, social support, activities of daily living (ADL), and depression in the relationship between age and frailty in older people living in the community. This cross-sectional study used a structured questionnaire to collect data from a convenience sample of 200 pre-frail to mildly frail older adults in southern Taiwan. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis, with data collected from July to November 2020. ADL mediated the relationship between age and frailty, while cognitive function also mediated the relationship between age and frailty, indicating that ADL and cognitive function were significant determinants of frailty. The path from age to frailty was significant, indicating that age was a significant determinant of frailty. The standardized total effect of age affected frailty through the mediating roles of ADL and cognitive function. Age, depression, ADL, and cognitive function explained 59% of the variance in frailty among older adults. ADL and cognitive function are significant mediators of frailty among older adults.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-425
Author(s):  
Hamed Mortazavi ◽  
Mahbubeh Tabatabaeichehr ◽  
Masoumeh Taherpour ◽  
Mohadece Masoumi

Objective : Doingactivities of daily living can bring independence for the elderly. It can also maintain their health and social participation. However, experience of falls and fear of falling can affect the health and personal social life of the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between falls and fear of falling with activities of daily living in older adults. Materials and methods : Four hundred and fifty elderly persons were enrolled in this cross-sectional study using cluster sampling. Demographic variables, Fall Efficacy Scale- International (FES-I) and questionnaires related to the study of activities of daily living were employed. To investigate advanced activities of daily living, open-ended questions were used. The history of falls within the last 12 months was investigated. Results : Mean score of basic activities of daily living in the elderly being studied was 15.49±1.74, and 95.4% of them were independent in doing these activities.Mean score of instrumental activities of daily living was 11.30±3.36, and 71.5% of them were independent in doing these activities. Participation of elderly persons in social activities was reported to be 77.9%. There was a significant relationship between activities of daily living (basic, instrumental, and advanced) and falls and fear of falling (p<0.05). Conclusion : Falls and fear of falling reduce the independence of elderly persons in doing activities of daily living. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.420-425


Author(s):  
Seonho KIM ◽  
Myoungsuk KIM ◽  
Dallong HAN

Background: We aimed to identify incidence rates of disability and its associated factors among Korean community-dwelling older adults. Methods: The sample included 1,739 Koreans aged over 65 yr from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2016) who reported no limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) at baseline (2006) and had complete data for other covariates. ADL, IADL, socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-condition data were collected and analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. Results: The 10-yr incidence rates of ADL and IADL disability in subjects with no disability at baseline were 11.6% and 21.6%, respectively. After adjusting for socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-condition factors, the incidence of ADL disability was higher in women (odds ratio [OR] =1.418, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.102- 2.613) and increased with age (OR=1.170, 95% CI=1.133-1.208), multi-morbidity (OR=1.194, 95% CI=1.015- 1.406), and obesity (OR=1.563, 95% CI=1.057-2.311). It decreased in subjects living alone (OR=0.531, 95% CI=0.328-0.856). The incidence of IADL disability increased with age (OR=1.131, 95% CI=1.102-1.161), multimorbidity (OR=1.199, 95% CI=1.054-1.365), and cognitive disability (OR=1.422, 95% CI=1.083-1.866) and decreased for subjects living alone (OR=0.484, 95% CI=0.328-0.715) and with overweight (OR=0.725, 95% CI=0.532-0.988). Conclusion: Incidence rates of disability differed considerably based on socio-demographic, lifestyle, and health-condition factors. These results suggest the importance of identifying factors that can decrease the risk of disability in this group and of prevention efforts in populations with a higher disability risk.


2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7S_Part_15) ◽  
pp. P712-P713
Author(s):  
Catherine Mewborn ◽  
Cutter A. Lindbergh ◽  
Jonathan M. Dickens ◽  
Leslie Stapley ◽  
Shubam Sharma ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 392-392
Author(s):  
Melissa Hladek ◽  
Jiafeng Zhu ◽  
Brian Buta ◽  
Sarah Szanton ◽  
Karen Bandeen-Roche ◽  
...  

Abstract Physical frailty is defined as a syndrome of decreased physiologic reserve conferring vulnerability to functional decline, mortality and other adverse outcomes in response to a stressor. One potential modifiable risk factor of frailty is self-efficacy, which is confidence in one’s ability to perform well at a task or domain in life. Self-efficacy is associated with improved health behavior and decreased chronic disease burden but has not been studied extensively in frailty research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate a general self-efficacy proxy measure’s ability to predict frailty in a nationally representative sample of older adults using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) collected from 2011-2018. 4,835 older adults (65+) were dichotomized into low and high self-efficacy groups using the one-item self-efficacy proxy measure in NHATS. The Physical Frailty Phenotype was used to assess frailty. A discrete time hazard model was used to obtain incident hazard ratios of frailty in two models. Model 1 was adjusted for age, race, sex, education and income. Model 2 contained Model 1 covariates and activities of daily living and co-morbidities. We found that low self-efficacy predicted a 41% increased risk of developing frailty over 8 years after adjustment for socio-demographics (P&lt;0.0001) and a 27% risk of incident frailty after further adjustment for activities of daily living and co-morbidities (P=0.004). This study provides preliminary evidence that self-efficacy may be a key modifiable element to incorporate into multi-modal frailty interventions.


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