Who do They Tell? College Students’ Formal and Informal Disclosure of Sexual Violence, Sexual Harassment, Stalking, and Dating Violence by Gender, Sexual Identity, and Race

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110501
Author(s):  
Annelise Mennicke ◽  
Constance Austin Coates ◽  
Bridget Jules ◽  
Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Systemic Support ◽  
The Impact

Disclosure of interpersonal violence (i.e., sexual violence, sexual harassment, dating violence, and stalking) is often the first step toward receiving social and systemic support. Research demonstrates that sexual assault and dating violence survivors on college campuses are more likely to disclosure to informal sources (i.e., friends and family) than formal sources (e.g., police, Title IX, counseling centers). However, there is limited research examining disclosure rates after other forms of violence (i.e., stalking, sexual harassment), and little is known about the impact of the survivors' identities on disclosure. Utilizing four academic years (2016-2019) of aggregated campus climate data from a large Southeastern university, the current study examined rates of disclosure across experiences of sexual violence, sexual harassment, dating violence, and stalking while identifying whether the prevalence and type of disclosure (formal versus informal-only) differed by gender, sexual orientation, and/or race/ethnicity. Of 8,017 participants, 4.6% reported sexual violence, 18.9% reported sexual harassment, 12.3% reported dating violence, and 11.3% reported stalking in the past academic year. Results of multinomial logistic regression indicated that, across all four types of violence, men (as compared to women) had lower odds of disclosing both informally-only and formally. Bisexual as compared to heterosexual students had higher odds of formal disclosure of sexual harassment and stalking while gay/lesbian students had higher odds of formally disclosing sexual harassment. Individuals of another race/ethnicity (compared to White students) had lower odds of informal-only disclosure of dating violence. Findings underscore the need to implement programs to improve the social reactions of friends and family members receiving disclosures, and to increase culturally-tailored service provision.

The impact of interpersonal violence in youth sport on adult psychopathology

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S748-S748
Author(s):  
T. Vertommen ◽  
J. Kampen ◽  
N. Schipper-van Veldhoven ◽  
K. Uzieblo ◽  
F. Van Den Eede
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Symptom Inventory ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionA recent cohort study in the Netherlands and Belgium showed that 38% of children experienced psychological violence, 11% physical violence, and 14% sexual violence in sport (Vertommen et al., 2016). This study aims to explore the long-term consequences on anxiety, depression and somatic complaints in adults who experienced psychological, physical or sexual violence in the specific context of organized youth sport.MethodsA web survey in a representative sample of adults, prescreened on having participated in organized sport before the age of 18 (n = 4043) was conducted. In this sample, depression, anxiety and somatic problems were assessed using the brief symptom inventory. A generalized linear model was used to quantify the impact of experiencing severe interpersonal violence in sport on psychopathology.ResultsAll three types of severe interpersonal violence (psychological, physical and sexual) were significantly associated with the total score and the subscales of the brief symptom inventory. The effect remains significant after controlling for socio-demographics, as well as disability, sexual orientation, adverse childhood experiences outside sport, recent trauma and family history of psychological problems.ConclusionsExperiencing interpersonal violence against in youth sport is associated with mental health problems in adulthood. This is an important finding to consider in child protection policy in sport.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The missing dalit women in testimonies of #MeToo sexual violence: Learnings for social movements

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupali Bansode
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Dalit Women ◽  
The Impact

While the #MeToo movement inspired many women to share their stories of sexual harassment on social media, the impact of the movement in India remains limited as it did not reflect the voices of subjects who have been historically marginalised. This note discusses the ways in which the erasure of dalit women’s testimonies of sexual violence happens by reflecting on a few central aspects of Satyabhama’s case, a victim/survivor of a caste-based incident of sexual violence in Maharashtra. It argues the relevance and importance of dalit women’s testimonies of sexual violence, which have been overlooked, for strengthening both the feminist and the dalit movements.

Sexual Harassment and Assault

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia M. Cortina ◽  
Suzanne Swan ◽  
Louise F. Fitzgerald ◽  
Craig Waldo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Academic Climate ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Extensive Body ◽  
The Impact

An extensive body of literature has documented the widespread and damaging nature of sexual harassment and assault on college campuses, yet little research has investigated the impact of such victimization on the academic climate. This study examined experiences of sexual harassment and assault among 1,037 female undergraduate and graduate students, with a particular focus on educational outcomes. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed significant negative effects of harassment and assault on perceptions of academic climate. We also investigated the extent and effects of double victimization (i.e., experiences of both harassment and assault), as well as the relationships among sexual harassment types, incidence rates, and frequencies. Issues of sexual orientation and race/ethnicity are explored throughout the article, with membership in different groups affecting victimization incidence rates as well as harassment labeling.

School Personnel’s Bystander Action in Situations of Dating Violence, Sexual Violence, and Sexual Harassment Among High School Teens: A Qualitative Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2358-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Kara Anne Rodenhizer ◽  
Robert P. Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Teen Dating Violence ◽  
Healthy Relationships ◽  
Teen Dating

We examined school personnel’s engagement in bystander action in situations of teen dating violence (DV), sexual violence (SV), and sexual harassment (SH). We conducted focus groups with 22 school personnel from three high schools in New Hampshire. School personnel identified their own barriers to intervening in situations of teen DV, SV, and SH (e.g., not having the time or ability to intervene). School personnel also discussed the ways in which they intervened before (e.g., talking with teens about healthy relationships), during (e.g., breaking up fights between dating partners) and after (e.g., comforting victims) instances of teen DV, SV, and SH. These data can be used to support the development of bystander training for school personnel as one component of comprehensive DV, SV, and SH prevention for teens. In addition, these data provide information that can be used to develop measures that assess school personnel bystander action barriers and behaviors in instances of teen DV, SV, and SH.

Association Between Interpersonal Violence With Inadequate Nutritional Status Among Brazilian Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199744
Author(s):  
Emanuele Souza Marques ◽  
Maria Helena Hasselmann ◽  
Gabriela Vasconcellos de Barros Vianna ◽  
Eliane de Paula Mendonça ◽  
Catarina Machado Azeredo
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
School Health ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Violence Victimization

Research focusing on the relationship between interpersonal violence and nutritional status in adolescence is scarce and has distinct results. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of family physical and sexual violence with inadequate nutritional status in Brazilian adolescents. We used data from the 2015 Brazilian National Survey of School Health. This study includes 11.850 students, older than 13 years, attending from sixth to ninth grade of elementary school and from the 1st to the 3rd year of high school. The exposures were family physical violence and rape. The outcome was nutritional status, assessed through body mass index. The association between exposures and outcome were investigated using a multinomial logistic regression model. These analyses were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and family variables. The prevalence of family physical violence victimization was approximately 14% among adolescents for both sexes. The prevalence of rape was 4.6% and 5.7% among male and female adolescents, respectively. Family physical violence was not associated with being underweight, overweight, or obese, in either crude or adjusted models for both sexes. Sexual violence was inversely associated with being underweight only for male adolescents (OR: 0.21, CI 95%: 0.06–0.75). In female adolescents, sexual violence was associated with overweight/obesity (OR: 1.64, CI 95%:1.15–2.33). In this study, rape, but not family physical violence victimization, was associated with nutritional status in adolescents of both sexes. Nonetheless, this association was different between boys and girls. Rape was inversely associated with being underweight in male adolescents, whereas, in female adolescents, it was associated with excess body weight.

Effectiveness of a Sexual Assault Self-defense Program for American Indian Girls

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199794
Author(s):  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Laura Siller ◽  
Lorey A. Wheeler ◽  
Leon Leader Charge ◽  
Damon P. Leader Charge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Physical Dating Violence

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 6-session (12-hour) empowerment self-defense classroom delivered curriculum (i.e., IMpower) among American Indian girls. Girls ( N = 74) in one middle school and two high schools on an Indian Reservation in the Great Plains region of the United States received the intervention and completed a pre-test and a post-test six months following the final program session. The surveys administered assessed hypothesized intermediary (i.e., efficacy to resist a sexual assault, self-defense knowledge), primary (i.e., sexual violence victimization), and secondary (i.e., physical dating violence, sexual harassment) outcomes. Native American girls ( N = 181) in five middle schools and three high schools in a nearby city where there was no sexual assault prevention occurring completed surveys assessing sexual violence, physical dating violence, and sexual harassment victimization approximately six months apart, thus serving as a comparison to girls in the treatment condition on primary and secondary outcomes. Girls exposed to the IMpower program reported significant increases over time in efficacy to resist a sexual assault and knowledge of effective resistance strategies. Furthermore, propensity score analyses suggested that girls who received the IMpower program reported significantly fewer types of sexual assault and sexual harassment at follow-up compared to girls in the control condition. However, no effect was found for physical dating violence. These data suggest that empowerment self-defense is a promising approach in preventing sexual assault and sexual harassment among American Indian girls.

Understanding Case Outcomes for Male Victims of Forcible Sexual Assaults

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052096715
Author(s):  
Scott M. Walfield ◽  
Philip D. McCormack ◽  
Kaitlyn Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Sex Offense ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Attention

While rape and sexual violence have long been a widespread social problem, and one that has garnered significant attention, research that specifically examines the phenomenon of male victimization of sexual violence remains lacking. Addressing the gaps in the research, the current study uses 10 years of law enforcement data from the United States’ National Incident-based Reporting System (2007–2016) on sexual victimization of males 14 years of age or older. The study sought to assess the impact of victim, offender, and incident characteristics associated with the outcome of the case (i.e., open, arrest, and exceptional clearance due to the victim declining or the prosecution refusing to pursue the case) for 20,701 male victims who reported a forcible sex offense to law enforcement as well as agency variation for cleared crimes. Using multilevel multinomial logistic regression, exceptionally cleared cases are more likely to resemble open cases than those resulting in arrest with incident characteristics having a larger influence than victim and offender characteristics. Cases involving concomitant offenses, committed by a stranger, resulting in injury, increase the likelihood of arrest—all of which support the “real rape” hypothesis. Exceptionally cleared cases represent more than one-third of cleared cases and there is significant department variation in the usage of exceptional clearance, as a number of agencies are exceptionally clearing more than half of their cleared cases, artificially increasing their clearance rate. These results, in conjunction with research on female victims, suggests that the handling of sexual assault cases reported to law enforcement remains problematic.

The Impact of National-Level Gender Inequality on the Sexual Abuse of Girls

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110055
Author(s):  
Will LeSuer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
The Impact

Feminist scholars from various social science disciplines posit that gender inequality (GI) is harmful to women’s well-being. Feminist criminologists argue that GI is criminogenic, especially of sexual violence. I apply this framework to a specific form of sexual violence: child sexual abuse (CSA). Using multilevel generalized linear modeling to analyze the responses of 10,106 women from 27 countries in the International Dating Violence Study, I test for significant associations between national-level GI and self-reported retrospective reports of CSA. While controlling for other risk factors, I find that GI is significantly associated with increased odds of having experienced CSA among women.

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