scholarly journals The Spaces of Nostalgia(s) and the Politics of Belonging in Contemporary Chernivtsi, Western Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Koziura
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Second World War ◽  
City Center ◽  
Symbolic Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

This article is part of the special cluster titled Bukovina and Bukovinians after the Second World War: (Re)shaping and (re)thinking a region after genocide and ‘ethnic unmixing’, guest edited by Gaëlle Fisher and Maren Röger. This article explores ways in which Habsburg nostalgia has become an important factor in contemporary place-making strategies in the city of Chernivtsi, Western Ukraine. Through the analysis of diasporic homecomings, city center revitalization, and nationalist rhetoric surrounding the politics of monuments, I explore hybrid and diverse ways in which Habsburg nostalgia operates in a given setting. Rather than a static and homogenous form of place attachment, in Chernivtsi different cultural practices associated with Habsburg nostalgia coexist with each other and depending on the political context as well as the social position of the “nostalgic agents” manifest themselves differently. Drawing from my long-term ethnographic fieldwork, I argue that in order to fully understand individuals’ attachment to space, it is necessary to grasp both the subtle emotional ways in which the city is experienced by individuals as well as problematize the role of the built environment in the visualization of collective memory and emotions of particular groups. The focus on changing manifestations of the Habsburg nostalgia can bring then a better understanding of the range and scope of the city’s symbolic resources that might be mobilized for various purposes.

scholarly journals Pedagogic Alternatives in Italy after the Second World War: the Experience of the Movimento di Cooperazione Educativa and Bruno Ciari’s New School in Bologna

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella D’Ascenzo
Keyword(s):  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
New School ◽  
School Renewal ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World ◽  
And Training

This contribution explores the historical and educational context in Italy after the Second World War, focusing on the pedagogical and educational innovation of the Movimento di Cooperazione Educativa (Educational Cooperation Movement, MCE), founded to promote the techniques of Freinet, and in particular Bruno Ciari, teacher, politician and driving force behind national school renewal in Italy. Using printed sources and archives from the period, the paper looks at the social and pedagogical experiment developed by Bruno Ciari between 1966 and 1970 and promoted in the city of Bologna through «Pedagogic Februaries»; these involved a series of events, conferences and training initiatives, organised with the cooperation of key universities, targeting teachers and families in order to develop an innovative, shared school culture. From the egodocuments of a preschool teacher who worked with Bruno Ciari in the city of Bologna, we enter the heart of the renewal of teaching practices, highlighting the tormented process of change in the teaching profession, in favour of a school that would be a true alternative to the traditional model and open to the democratic demands of all society. 

Literaturrevolution in Continental Jewish Aesthetics

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
East Central ◽  
Jewish Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
European Jewish ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
East Central European ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe German term Literaturrevolution, associated with the modern period in literature, covers various aesthetical ideas and ideologies revolving around the notion of revolution. Concerning revolt, Literaturrevolution entails a radical reinterpretation of the relation between art and reality as it charts the role of art during the socio-political upheavals of modernity. The article traces the variety of readings of the notion of revolution present in francophone and germanophone Jewish literature and meta-literary discussions in Europe from the early 1900s until the outbreak of the Second World War. It accounts for the reception, adaptation, and utilization of revolutionary discourses among expressionists and dadaists of Jewish origin. The motivation to focus on Jewish thought in particular derives not only from its peculiarities but also from its discursive plurality. This plurality is already evident in Gustav Landauer’s Die Revolution (1907), which captures the manifoldness of reformist ideas in East-Central European Jewish thought. In the wake of his book, the aesthetic, religious-ecstatic, and socio-political aspects of revolution overlapped and amalgamated. The multifaceted conceptions of revolt are particularly noticeable in the Jewish manifestations of Literaturrevolution as they placed the aesthetical with the social in parallel, evoking both socialist and fascist conservative opposition.

From Freakonomics to Political Economy

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Fine ◽  
Dimitris Milonakis
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Neoclassical Economics ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

AbstractIn this response to the symposium on our two books we try to deal as fully as possible in the brief space available with most of the major issues raised by our distinguished commentators. Although at least three of them are in agreement with the main thrust of the arguments put forward in our books, they all raise important issues relating to methodology, the history of economic thought (including omissions), and a number of more specific issues. Our answer is based on the restatement of the chief purpose of our two books, describing the intellectual history of the evolution of economic science emphasising the role of the excision of the social and the historical from economic theorising in the transition from (classical) political economy to (neoclassical) economics, only for the two to be reunited through the vulgar form of economics imperialism following the monolithic dominance of neoclassical economics at the expense of pluralism after the Second World War. The importance of political economy for the future of economic science is vigorously argued for.

Demographic Trends in Latvia

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juris Dreifelds
Keyword(s):  
Public Attention ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Second World

For most North Americans demography is an esoteric subject more often tied to marketing than to social and political changes. In Latvia, as in most of Eastern Europe and the USSR, demography has long been placed on the forefront of public attention. This wave of attention in the case of Latvia is not a fad of short duration which will be readily displaced by other popular topics. On the contrary, demography has had, is having and will have a tremendous impact on a very broad range of policies and on the long term survival of the Latvian nation. Thus, in order to understand the social and ethnic tensions, the labour squeeze, and the welfare burden of Latvia, it is necessary to understand the multifaceted demographic processes: the real matrix of the political and social environment. This paper reviews the pivotal demographic role of the First and Second World Wars and analyzes population size, sex balance, age structure, urban-rural residence, nuptiality, birth and death rates, migration patterns and ethnic balance.

scholarly journals Learned Societies, Cultural Encounter, and Social Distinction: The Royal Asiatic Society and Pre-War Western Relations with Korea, Japan, and China

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-93
Author(s):  
Loughlin J. Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
World War ◽  
Asiatic Society ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Second World ◽  
Royal Asiatic Society

The Royal Asiatic Society (RAS), a British learned society for the antiquarian study of Asian civilizations, established a number of branches in East Asia between 1865 and 1900 and quickly became a central location for the socialization of elite westerners within these states. This paper examines the social function of three RAS branches by analyzing their membership characteristics between 1865 and 1934, and draws out the role of Western associational culture in pre-war interactions between Western states and Northeast Asia. The activities of the RAS presented an opportunity for prominent personalities to demonstrate social distinction and reinforce their status as leading members of their communities, and to make claims to local expertise through the study and discussion of East Asian societies. RAS branches attracted a diverse mixture of diplomats, customs officials, military officers, missionaries, educators, merchants and medical professionals. Through a comparative analysis of the membership characteristics of RAS branches in Seoul, Tokyo, and Shanghai (the branches covering Korea, Japan, and North China respectively), the different social structures of the Western communities in these three states can be discerned. These reflect particular aspects of international relations between Northeast Asia and the West before the Second World War.

scholarly journals Encontros e desencontros em “O menino”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, e “Oval com pontas”, de Adriana Lisboa / Matches and mismatches in “O menino”, by Lygia Fagundes Telles, and “Oval com pontas”, by Adriana Lisboa / Encuentros y desencuentros en “O menino”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, y “Oval com pontas”, de Adriana Lisboa

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Larissa Warzocha Fernandes Cruvinel ◽  
Renata Rocha Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
De Se ◽  
Second World ◽  
Lygia Fagundes Telles

Resumo: O conto “O menino”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, publicado inicialmente em O cacto vermelho, de 1949, narra a história de um menino que enfrenta um processo de amadurecimento durante um passeio que realiza com a mãe ao cinema. O conto “Oval com pontas”, de Adriana Lisboa, publicado originalmente em Contos que contam, de 2005, aproxima-se do conto de Telles ao também narrar o passeio de uma mãe com um filho, ambos inominados. Apesar da semelhança no enredo das narrativas, a prosa das duas escritoras apresenta divergências sobre a configuração das relações familiares e sobre o papel social da arte. Como considera José Paulo Paes (1998), a obra de Telles é marcada pelo desencontro nas mais diversas relações afetivas apresentadas nas tramas, o que, segundo o crítico, assinala certa desilusão dos escritores que viveram os traumas da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Em contrapartida, a obra de Lisboa frequentemente aposta na superação dos traumas das personagens retratadas, além de se contrapor ao esvaziamento do papel da arte na contemporaneidade. Tendo em vista esses apontamentos, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel da arte e das relações humanas nos referidos contos. Para fundamentar criticamente a discussão, elegemos as contribuições de Coelho (1971), Lopes (2007), Paes (1998), entre outros.Palavras-chave: conto brasileiro; encontros; desencontros; Lygia Fagundes Telles; Adriana Lisboa.Abstract: The tale “O menino”, by Lygia Fagundes Telles, initially published in O cacto vermelho, in 1949, narrates the story of a boy who faces a coming-of-age process when he takes a trip to the movie theater with his mother. The tale “Oval com pontas”, by Adriana Lisboa, originally published in Contos que contam, in 2005, resembles the tale written by Telles in the sense that it also narrates a mother’s trip with her son, both unnamed. Despite the similarities between the plot of both narratives, the prose of both writers presents divergences on the configuration of familiar relationships and on the social role of art. As argued by José Paulo Paes (1998), Telles’ work is marked by mismatches in several affective relationships presented in the plots, which, according to the critic, signals a certain disillusionment of the writers who lived the traumas of the Second World War. On the other hand, Lisboa’s work frequently bets on the overcoming of the traumas of the portrayed characters, in addition to counterpointing the emptying of the role of art in contemporaneity. With this in mind, this article aims to analyze how art and human relationships are configured in these tales. In order to critically ground this discussion, we elected the contributions of Coelho (1971), Lopes (2007), Paes (1998), and others.Keywords: Brazilian short story; matches; mismatches; Lygia Fagundes Telles; Adriana Lisboa.Resumen: El cuento “O menino”, de Lygia Fagundes Telles, publicado primeramente en O cacto vermelho, de 1949, narra la historia de un chico que enfrenta un proceso de maduración durante un paseo al cine que realiza con su madre. El cuento “Oval com pontas”, de Adriana Lisboa, publicado originalmente en Contos que contam, de 2005, se aproxima del cuento de Telles al hacer, también, la narración de un paseo de una madre y su hijo, ambos sin nombre. Pese la similitud en el enredo de las narrativas, la prosa de las dos escritoras presenta distinciones sobre la configuración de las relaciones familiares y sobre el papel social del arte. Como considera José Paulo Paes (1998), la obra de Telles está marcada por el desencuentro en las más distintas relaciones de afecto presentadas en las obras, lo que, según el crítico señala una desilusión de los escritores tras los traumas vivenciados en la segunda Guerra Mundial. Contrariamente, la obra de Lisboa, a menudo, apuesta en la superación de los traumas de los personajes retratados, además de contraponerse al vacío del papel del arte en la contemporaneidad. Considerando esos aspectos, este artículo tiene el objetivo de analizar el papel del arte y de las relaciones humanas en los dos cuentos. Como fundamentación, para la discusión crítica, nos basaremos en las contribuciones de Coelho (1971), Lopes (2007), Paes (1998), entre otros.Palabras-clave: cuento brasileño; encuentros; desencuentros; Lygia Fagundes Telles; Adriana Lisboa.

scholarly journals Kanchanaburi and the Thai-Burma railway: disputed narratives in the interpretation of war

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lennon
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
World War ◽  
Dark Tourism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the history and dark tourism attractions associated with a case study of the Thai-Burma Railway in the city of Kanchanaburi, Thailand. The paper considers how history has been abridged and distorted at a number of attraction sites in order to exploit the dark tourism commercial potential. The role of film media is considered as a critical element of the site narrative and the reality of the tragic past of this place is discussed within the context of Thailand’s role in the Second World War. Kanchanaburi, through the urban attractions that constitute the primary motivations for visitation, distorts and exploits its dark history for commercial and ideological purposes. Where accurate the Second World War interpretation was identified, it was maintained by balancing the requirements of national governments and institutions with acceptable levels of ambiguity and non-controversial perspectives on this urban location’s dark past. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on literature, historical documents and tourism publications related to the Second World War and the incarceration and forced labour associated with the Thai-Burma Railway and the city of Kanchanaburi. Fieldwork incorporating tourist attraction and commemorative site visitation was undertaken in Northern Thailand in January 2017. Curators, managers, operators and tourist authorities were contacted in advance of the fieldwork by e-mail to request interviews. The sites identified were the primary sites visited by tourists, and no related Second World War site in the area was excluded. For those interviewed in relation to the subject area, a standard questionnaire based on a rolling database, relevant to particular sites was utilised. Interviews were taped and transcribed. Findings The city of Kanchanaburi is defined by a heritage that has changed over time. Many factors imbue the meanings and content of place. This is a function of a plethora of competing Influences and agendas; political, economic, cultural, demographic and historical. Yet, this destination is defined by the dark history of the Second World War which is associated with this place. The visitor attraction sites considered in Kanchanaburi provide multiple narratives around the Second World War events. They offer a range of content driven by influences as diverse as simple commercial gain to the complex interaction of political, economic and ideological agendas (cf. Gegner, 2012). In each case, the interpretation is used to articulate heritage through objects, artefacts, audio recording, place or imagery. These elements exist in environment(s) of their creation; the Second World War heritage of Kanchanaburi is developed in a nation that has only a partial and selective acceptance of its role in this conflict. The visitor attractions examined in this research and their content have all re-constructed and re-represented the past. Historical memorialization remains embedded in interests that are global, commercial, ideological but rarely neutral. The interpretation of the Thai-Burma Railway and the narrative of the many victims is associated with the construction merit respect, commemoration and consideration that is value free and not distorted by ideology or commercial imperatives. Practical implications This paper provides a foundation for further consideration of how such contested dark heritage is viewed not least by visitors and users. Development of research in this area would provide a valuable source of data on: consumer profiles, motivations and orientation. Relating this data to nationality and origin would provide useful comparative data to that offered by operators and managers of key attractions. Furthermore, the prevalence of social and digital media as primary tourist information source could be measured against the continued (and possibly declining) importance of the filmic narrative. Furthermore, deeper evaluation of nature and content of interpretation is merited, given the range of approaches and content observed. At a political and policy level, the treatment of this part of Thai history and the degree of sensitivity around interpretation is linked to how a nation confronts its difficult past. More thorough evaluation of treatment in national media and education curriculum also merits review. Urban heritage is an important element of urban destination marketing and evaluation based around core themes of transparency, openness, respect for the past, and sensitive treatment of tragic events offer direction for application and evaluation in other urban contexts. Originality/value This is the first time the heritage of this city has been considered in the context of dark tourism and the role of Thailand in the Second World War. It incorporates an analysis of all of the relevant attractions in the city and provides through the fieldwork conducted an original contribution to the tourism literature in this field. It draws on historical record, original documentation, interview analysis and tourism data. It provides further evidence of the dark tourism phenomena in a South East Asian context linked to a conflicted and selective appraisal of the past.

scholarly journals Retribution against Collaborators of the Occupiers after the End of the Second World War: The Concept of "National Honour"

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2021) (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Čoh Kladnik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Structure ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Personal Interests

Courts of national honour were established in some European countries after the end of the Second World War. These were special courts which assisted in the process of "cleansing" or the process of post-war retribution against collaborators of the occupiers. Such courts were known in the Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia and all Yugoslav nations. The author presents the criminal procedures for acts against national honour in Czechoslovakia, Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia, where the sentences caused long-term consequences. The courts of national honour assumed the role of revolutionary courts and through their operation contributed to the final seizure and consolidation of the Communist Party's power. They participated in the process of changing the socio-economic structure of the state. Trials before the courts were rapid and short. The charges were often a consequence of revenge or the personal interests of complainants. Trials before the courts of national honour violated one of the fundamental legal principles – nullum crimen sine lege: acts (the collaboration with the occupier) tried by the courts of national honour were not considered crimes at the time that they were committed.

scholarly journals Rekrutacja na studia wyższe w początkach stalinizmu na przykładzie województwa poznańskiego

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 53-71
Author(s):  
Stanisław Jankowiak
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
College Enrollment ◽  
College Education ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Objective ◽  
Second World

Zmiana systemu po II wojnie światowej związana była z pojawieniem się nowej filozofii kształcenia. Dla komunistycznej władzy najważniejszym celem było dostarczenie krajowi nowych, socjalistycznych i świadomych swej roli w przebudowie kadr. Kryteria polityczne były więc ważniejsze od merytorycznych. Założeniem politycznym było stworzenie nowej, robotniczo- -chłopskiej inteligencji, która rozumiałaby swą rolę w walce o socjalizm. By tego dokonać, należało zrewolucjonizować zasady naboru do szkół średnich i wyższych. O przyjęciu na studia nie miała więc decydować wiedza, ale zaangażowanie polityczne i społeczne. Należało też, i to akurat nie budziło wątpliwości, pozwolić młodzieży nadrobić zaległości wynikające z wojny. Konstruowane polityczne założenia nie we wszystkich przypadkach przełożyły się na praktykę działania. Mimo jednoznacznych wytycznych i kluczowej roli urzędów bezpieczeństwa w opiniowaniu kandydatów, skład socjalny studentów nie uległ radykalnej zmianie. Nie oznacza to, że polityka komunistów nie wyrządziła szkody części zdolnej młodzieży, której ze względów klasowych zamknięto możliwość zdobywania wyższego wykształcenia. College enrollment in the period of Stalinism as exemplified by the Poznań voivodeship Systemic transformation following the Second World War brought a new philosophy of education. For the communist authorities, the most important goal was to provide the country with new, socialist workers, who were aware of their role in the process of reconstruction. Therefore, political criteria took precedence over any others. The political objective was to create a new “intelligentsia” comprising workers and peasants who would understand their role in the fight for socialism. In order to achieve that objective, rules of high school and college enrollment had to be revolutionized. Political and social engagement were to be the decisive factors in college admissions — not knowledge. Young people were also meant to be allowed to make up for the time lost because of the war — however, this particular demand does not raise any questions. Political objectives did not translate into practice in all cases. Despite clear guidelines and the key role of security offices when reviewing the candidates, the social composition of students did not change radically. This does not mean that the communist policy did not do any harm to some talented young people who were precluded from gaining college education for class reasons.

scholarly journals Designed in Shenzhen: Shanzhai Manufacturing and Maker Entrepreneurs

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Lindtner ◽  
Anna Greenspan ◽  
David Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Technological Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
Maker Culture ◽  
The City

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>We draw from long-term research in Shenzhen, a manufacturing hub in the South of China, to critically examine the role of participation in the contemporary discourse around maker culture. In lowering the barriers of technological production, “making” is being envisioned as a new site of entrepreneurship, economic growth and innovation. Our research shows how the city of Shenzhen is figuring as a key site in implementing this vision. In this paper, we explore the “making of Shenzhen” as the “Silicon Valley for hardware.” We examine, in particular, how maker-entrepreneurs are drawn to processes of design and open sharing central to the manufacturing culture of Shenzhen, challenging conceptual binaries of design as a creative process versus manufacturing as its numb execution. Drawing from the legacy of participatory design and critical computing, the paper examines the social, material, and economic conditions that underlie the growing relationship between contemporary maker culture and the concomitant remake of Shenzhen. </span></p></div></div></div>

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