The Future of Nurse Scholarship: The Ethical Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
Constance L. Milton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Nurse Education ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Policy Statements ◽  
Competency Based

The advancement of a healthcare discipline is reliant on the disciplines’ ability to produce rigorous scholarship activities and products. The healthcare disciplines, especially nursing, are facing ever-changing priorities as shortages loom and exhaustion permeates the climate. Empirical public health priorities during the pandemic have dominated professional healthcare literature and global health communications. This article shall offer ethical implications for the discipline of nursing as it seeks the advancement of scholarship. Topics include straight-thinking issues surrounding nursing and medicine national policy statements, the big data movement, and evolutionary return of competency-based nurse education.

Navigating the Ethics of Big Data in Public Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 353-367
Author(s):  
Effy Vayena ◽  
Lawrence Madoff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Digital Disease Detection ◽  
The Public Sphere

“Big data,” which encompasses massive amounts of information from both within the health sector (such as electronic health records) and outside the health sector (social media, search queries, cell phone metadata, credit card expenditures), is increasingly envisioned as a rich source to inform public health research and practice. This chapter examines the enormous range of sources, the highly varied nature of these data, and the differing motivations for their collection, which together challenge the public health community in ethically mining and exploiting big data. Ethical challenges revolve around the blurring of three previously clearer boundaries: between personal health data and nonhealth data; between the private and the public sphere in the online world; and, finally, between the powers and responsibilities of state and nonstate actors in relation to big data. Considerations include the implications for privacy, control and sharing of data, fair distribution of benefits and burdens, civic empowerment, accountability, and digital disease detection.

scholarly journals The academic viewpoint on Big data and patient data ownership (as seen in the scientific literature)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Mircheva ◽  
M Mirchev
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Ethical Challenges

Abstract Background Ownership of patient information in the context of Big Data is a relatively new problem, apparently not yet fully understood. There are not enough publications on the subject. Since the topic is interdisciplinary, incorporating legal, ethical, medical and aspects of information and communication technologies, a slightly more sophisticated analysis of the issue is needed. Aim To determine how the medical academic community perceives the issue of ownership of patient information in the context of Big Data. Methods Literature search for full text publications, indexed in PubMed, Springer, ScienceDirect and Scopus identified only 27 appropriate articles authored by academicians and corresponding to three focus areas: problem (ownership); area (healthcare); context (Big Data). Three major aspects were studied: scientific area of publications, aspects and academicians' perception of ownership in the context of Big Data. Results Publications are in the period 2014 - 2019, 37% published in health and medical informatics journals, 30% in medicine and public health, 19% in law and ethics; 78% authored by American and British academicians, highly cited. The majority (63%) are in the area of scientific research - clinical studies, access and use of patient data for medical research, secondary use of medical data, ethical challenges to Big data in healthcare. The majority (70%) of the publications discuss ownership in ethical and legal aspects and 67% see ownership as a challenge mostly to medical research, access control, ethics, politics and business. Conclusions Ownership of medical data is seen first and foremost as a challenge. Addressing this challenge requires the combined efforts of politicians, lawyers, ethicists, computer and medical professionals, as well as academicians, sharing these efforts, experiences and suggestions. However, this issue is neglected in the scientific literature. Publishing may help in open debates and adequate policy solutions. Key messages Ownership of patient information in the context of Big Data is a problem that should not be marginalized but needs a comprehensive attitude, consideration and combined efforts from all stakeholders. Overcoming the challenge of ownership may help in improving healthcare services, medical and public health research and the health of the population as a whole.

scholarly journals Round table: AI and Big Data: Ethical Challenges and Health Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Recent Emergence

Abstract The recent emergence of Big Data in healthcare (including large linked data from electronic patient records (EPR) as well as streams of real-time geolocated health data collected by personal wearable devices, etc.) and the open data movement enabling sharing datasets are creating new challenges around ownership of personal data whilst at the same time opening new research opportunities and drives for commercial exploitation. A balance must be struck between an individual’s desire for privacy and their desire for good evidence to drive healthcare, which may sometimes be in conflict. With the increasing use of mobile and wearable devices, new opportunities have been created for personalized health (tailored care to the needs of an individual), crowdsourcing, participatory surveillance, and movement of individuals pledging to become “data donors” and the “quantified self” initiative (where citizens share data through mobile device-connected technologies). These initiatives created large volumes of data with considerable potential for research through open data initiatives. In this workshop we will hear from a panel of international speakers working across the digital health, Big Data ethics, computer science, public health divide on how they have addressed the challenges presented by increased use of Big Data and AI systems in healthcare with insights drawn from their own experience to illustrate the new opportunities that development of these movements has opened up. Key messages The potential of open access to healthcare data, sharing Big Data sets and rapid development of AI technology, is enormous - so as are the challenges and barriers to achieve this goal. Policymakers, scientific and business communities should work together to find novel approaches for underlying challenges of a political and legal nature associated with use of big data for health.

Common Health Policy Interests and the Shaping of Global Pharmaceutical Policies

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meri Koivusalo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Pharmaceutical Policies ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Common Interests

In order to achieve more ethical global health outcomes, health policies must be driven by health priorities and should take into account broader health policy requirements, including the needs of specific national health systems. It is thus important to recognize that the division of interests in key policy areas are not necessarily between the priorities of rich and poor countries, but between (1) pharmaceutical industry interests and health policy interests, and (2) national industrial and trade policy interests and public health policies. In this article I will focus on two broad common interests for health policy officials. Both have become important in the context of current global negotiations relating to access to medicines; pandemic influenza; and public health, innovation, and intellectual property rights. These are (1) ensuring access, availability, and the safety of pharmaceuticals, and (2) ensuring that research-and-development efforts respond to public health needs. I argue that these issues are not solely the concern of developing countries because the diminishing national policy space for health in pharmaceutical policies presents a challenge to all governments, including rich ones.

Public Health Interventions: Ethical Implications

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-88
Author(s):  
David R. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Environmental Interventions ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Individual

Public health interventions present distinct ethical challenges relative to clinical medical interventions, primarily because of their focus on prevention (rather than treatment) and their intended impact on the health of a population as a whole (rather than the individual). Public health interventions can be broadly categorized as falling into two main types: educational and environmental. Educational interventions aim to change individual behaviors, whereas environmental interventions seek to change the social and environmental conditions that encourage, require, or reinforce behaviors that are either beneficial or harmful to health. Public health interventions raise normative concerns with respect to three key ethical principles: the potential for harm (including stigmatization, lost opportunity costs, and threats to autonomy), justice, and social solidarity, particularly with respect to the problem of free riders. The high value placed on individual liberty in the modern era makes the task of asking individuals to give up freedoms to protect and promote population health increasingly difficult.

scholarly journals Disrupting the library: Digital scholarship and Big Data at the National Library of Scotland

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205395172097057
Author(s):  
Sarah Ames ◽  
Stuart Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Library ◽  
Digital Collections ◽  
Data Movement ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Large Scale Analysis ◽  
Digital Scholarship ◽  
Machine Readable

With a mass digitisation programme underway and the addition of non-print legal deposit and web archive collections, the National Library of Scotland is now both producing and collecting data at an unprecedented rate, with over 5PB of storage in the Library’s data centres. As well as the opportunities to support large scale analysis of the collections, this also presents new challenges around data management, storage, rights, formats, skills and access. Furthermore, by assuming the role of both creators and collectors, libraries face broader questions about the concepts of ‘collections' and ‘heritage', and the ethical implications of collecting practices. While the ‘collections as data’ movement has encouraged cultural heritage organisations to present collections in machine-readable formats, new services, processes and tools also need to be established to enable these emerging forms of research, and new modes of working need to be established to take into account an increasing need for transparency around the creation and presentation of digital collections. This commentary explores the National Library of Scotland's new digital scholarship service, the implications of this new activity and the obstacles that libraries encounter when navigating a world of Big Data.

scholarly journals Ethical challenges associated with health-related big data research

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ienca
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Assessment ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Big data trends in biomedical and public health research hold promise for improving prevention, enabling earlier diagnosis, optimizing resource allocation, and delivering more tailored treatments to patients with specific disease trajectories. At the same time, due to their methodological novelty, algorithmic complexity and reliance on data mining for knowledge generation, big data approaches raise ethical challenges. This talk presents an overview of the major ethical challenges associated with health-related big data research. These include demarcating the boundary between personal health data and non-health data, re-defining the notion of private information, sustaining trust in health data sharing, preventing data-driven discrimination and ensuring a fair distribution of benefits and burdens among all stakeholders. Case studies from dementia research and public mental health will be discussed to illustrate these challenges and provide an ethical assessment. Furthermore, this talk will provide an overview of the normative proposals that have been recently advanced to align health-related big data research with established regulatory frameworks such as data protection regulation, regulation on human subject research and ethics review. Based on this analysis, suggestions will be made on how to maximise the benefits of big data for public health while minimizing ethical risks.

scholarly journals Ethical Challenges of Big Data in Public Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e1003904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Effy Vayena ◽  
Marcel Salathé ◽  
Lawrence C. Madoff ◽  
John S. Brownstein
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Ethical Challenges
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