A novel mathematical model including the wetness parameter as a variable for prevention of pressure ulcers

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110485
Author(s):  
Fadime Öğülmüş Demircan ◽  
İbrahim Yücedağ ◽  
Metin Toz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Ulcer Formation ◽  
Hospital Capacity ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
External Conditions

Pressure ulcers are injuries caused by external conditions such as pressure, friction, shear, and humidity resulting from staying in the same position for a long time in bedridden patients. It is a serious problem worldwide when assessed in terms of hospital capacity, nursing staff employment and treatment costs. In this study, we developed a novel mathematical model based on one of our previous models to prevent pressure ulcers or delay injuries. The proposed model uses a human thermal model that includes skin temperature, hypothalamus temperature, regional perspiration coefficient, and unconsciously loss of water amount. Moreover, in our model, we defined a variable wetness parameter in addition to the parameters, pressure, temperature, and humidity. The proposed model is mathematically defined in detail and tested for a wide range of parameters to show the model’s effectiveness in determining the pressure ulcer formation risk. The model is also compared with a model from the literature that based on only the general parameters, pressure, temperature, and humidity. The obtained results showed that the model determines the risk of the occurrence of the pressure ulcer more precisely than the compared one.

Effects of Using a High-Density Foam Pad Versus a Viscoelastic Polymer Pad on the Incidence of Pressure Ulcer Development During Spinal Surgery

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsokuang Wu ◽  
Shin-Tien Wang ◽  
Pi-Chu Lin ◽  
Chien-Lin Liu ◽  
Yann-Fen C. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
High Density ◽  
Ulcer Formation ◽  
Viscoelastic Polymer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pressure Ulcer Development

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-density foam (HDF) pads versus viscoelastic polymer (VP) pads in the prevention of pressure ulcer formation during spinal surgery and their cost-effectiveness. Subjects were 30 patients who underwent spinal surgery for more than 3 hr in a prone position. One side of the chest and iliac crest was padded with HDF pads and the other side was padded with VP pads. An Xsensor® pressure measuring sheet was placed between the pad and the patient. Bilateral chest and iliac crest points were observed for the presence of pressure ulcers at 30 min after the operation. Results showed that a pressure ulcer had occurred at 9 of 120 compression points (7.5% of the total), 30 min after the operation. Risk evaluation showed that female gender, weight <50 kg, and body mass index (BMI) <18 kg/m2 as well as location (the iliac crest) were all risk factors for development of pressure ulcers. The most significant factor was BMI <18 kg/m2. The average and peak pressures measured at the points padded with the VP pads were significantly lower than those padded with the HDF pads. However, there was no significant difference between the VP and the HDF pads regarding ulcer prevention. Because the cost of a VP pad is 250 times greater than that of an HDF pad of similar size, the VP pad should only be considered for use in high-risk patients.

Modeling of burr thickness in micro-end milling of Ti6Al4V

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. 1087-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipindas Kizhakken ◽  
Jose Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Micro Machining ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Micro End Milling

Mechanical micro-machining of Ti6Al4V is finding great demand because of its wide range of application in various fields such as communication, optics and biomedical devices. Increasing demands on functioning and performance requires components to be free from burrs after the machining process. Presence of burrs on micro-mechanical parts or features significantly affects quality and proper assembly of the parts. Also in micro-machining, the size of burr is comparable to that of micro-features. Since the formation of burr is inevitable in any machining process, generally the deburring operation is performed to remove burrs. Burr thickness is one of the important parameters which describe the time and method necessary for the deburring operation. Burrs on micro-parts are generally characterized using scanning electron microscope, which is a time-consuming, costly and non-value-added activity. However, a proper mathematical model will help predict burr thickness easily. In this article, a mathematical model to predict burr thickness during micro-end milling of Ti6Al4V is presented. The proposed model was developed based on the principle of continuity of work at the transition from chip formation to burr formation. Ti6Al4V titanium alloy is one of the materials which generates segmented (saw-tooth) chips at low cutting speeds. Hence, initially an appropriate material constitutive model was selected based on better prediction of burr thickness. Then, to reduce the prediction error, machining temperature was evaluated for all experimental conditions and included in the model. From the initial study, it was found that Hyperbolic TANgent material model gives a better prediction compared to Johnson–Cook material model. Later, after including machining temperature into the model it was observed that the prediction error was reduced. The proposed model was validated with the experimental results.

APPLICATION OF HOMOGENOUS TRANSFORMATION MATRIX TO THE MODELING OF A BALL-END CUTTER

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-785
Author(s):  
Jung-Fa Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cnc Grinding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grinding Machine ◽  
Cnc Grinding Machine ◽  
Flank Surface

This paper presents a comprehensive and straightforward method for the mathematical modeling of a generic ball-end cutter. In the proposed approach, a mathematical model of the rake surface is developed based on a normal helix cutting edge geometric model. A mathematical model of the flank surface is then derived based on the assumption of a constant clearance angle. The proposed model is applicable to a wide range of ball-end cutters. As a result, it provides an ideal basis for the generation of the NC equations required to machine ball-end cutters on a 6-axis CNC grinding machine.

scholarly journals Effectiveness and Safety of Patientcentred Care Compared to Usual Care for Patients with Pressure Ulcers in Inpatient Facilities: A Rapid Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Andrea Pokorná ◽  
Miloslav Klugar ◽  
Zuzana Kelnarová ◽  
Jitka Klugarová
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Patient Centred Care ◽  
External Conditions

Pressure ulcers are serious, costly and common adverse events that develop as a result of a combination of physiological factors and external conditions. This rapid review compares the clinical effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of patient-centred care versus the usual care in pressure ulcer management.

E-Voting in India Using Blockchain and It’s Modus Operandi

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3774-3777
Author(s):  
Kailash Kumar ◽  
Avinash Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Potential Benefits

Creating an environment to fulfill the basic requirement of E-Voting is indeed a challenge for long time. Blockchain, distributed peer to peer technology has wide range of applications from financial to non-financial sectors. It can be utilized in E-Voting system as well. Electronic casting a ballot or e-casting a ballot has been in existence since seventies. The E-Voting system and its requirements are identified in this paper along with some limitations of the Blockchain in E-Voting system. The blockchain has obvious advantages of increased efficiency, increased productivity and less prone to error over paper based voting system. This paper presents the potential benefits of using the blockchain which can effectively be used in e-casting the votes. The proposed model is based on the fundamental requirements of e-casting to the verification of voters. The limitations of the blockchain with regards to E-Voting is also presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Long-Time Analysis of a Time-Dependent SUC Epidemic Model for the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Youngjin Hwang ◽  
Soobin Kwak ◽  
Junseok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Epidemic Model ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Transmission Parameter ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dependent Parameter

In this study, we propose a time-dependent susceptible-unidentified infected-confirmed (tSUC) epidemic mathematical model for the COVID-19 pandemic, which has a time-dependent transmission parameter. Using the tSUC model with real confirmed data, we can estimate the number of unidentified infected cases. We can perform a long-time epidemic analysis from the beginning to the current pandemic of COVID-19 using the time-dependent parameter. To verify the performance of the proposed model, we present several numerical experiments. The computational test results confirm the usefulness of the proposed model in the analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PREDICTING THE INDICATORS OF ACCREDITATION OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2017 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Olga Mikhaylovna Tikhonova ◽  
Alexander Fedorovich Rezchikov ◽  
Vladimir Andreevich Ivashchenko ◽  
Vadim Alekseevich Kushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Oriented Graph ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
The University ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The paper presents the system of predicting the indicators of accreditation of technical universities based on J. Forrester mechanism of system dynamics. According to analysis of cause-and-effect relationships between selected variables of the system (indicators of accreditation of the university) there was built the oriented graph. The complex of mathematical models developed to control the quality of training engineers in Russian higher educational institutions is based on this graph. The article presents an algorithm for constructing a model using one of the simulated variables as an example. The model is a system of non-linear differential equations, the modelling characteristics of the educational process being determined according to the solution of this system. The proposed algorithm for calculating these indicators is based on the system dynamics model and the regression model. The mathematical model is constructed on the basis of the model of system dynamics, which is further tested for compliance with real data using the regression model. The regression model is built on the available statistical data accumulated during the period of the university's work. The proposed approach is aimed at solving complex problems of managing the educational process in universities. The structure of the proposed model repeats the structure of cause-effect relationships in the system, and also provides the person responsible for managing quality control with the ability to quickly and adequately assess the performance of the system.

Comperehencive review of Tankana

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Jyotsna Sankpal ◽  
Dr. Jyotsna Takalikar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Menstrual Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time

Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana is branch of the ancient Indian medical science based on herbs and herbo-mineral preparation. Tankana has been described under Uparasa Tankana, which is one among the Kshara Trayas has been used since very long time in Ayurveda. It has a wide range of therapeutic applications, including diseases like Varna (ulcers), Shvasa (asthma), Kasa (cough), Hrudya (beneficial to heart disease), Streepushpajanana (menstrual disorders) etc. It is used in the form of compound formulations like Parpati, Kupipakwa, Khalvee Rasayana, Churna, Vati, Lepa etc. In this paper Tankana Shodhana procedure, different synonyms, dose, Anupana, indications and different formulations containing Tankana Bhasma has been discussed.

A Mathematical Model for the Anaerobic Digestion Process Applied to a Mixture of Night Soil and Septic Tank Sludge

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Ryong Ha ◽  
Dwang Ho Lee ◽  
Sang Eun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Volatile Acid ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion Process ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Proposed Model

Laboratory scale experiments were conducted to develop a mathematical model for the anaerobic digestion of a mixture of night soil and septic tank sludge. The optimum mixing ratio by volume between night soil and septic tank sludge was found to be 7:3. Due to the high solids content in the influent waste, mixed-liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) was not considered to be a proper parameter for biomass concentration, therefore, the active biomass concentration was estimated based on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) concentration in the reactor. The weight ratio between acidogenic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in the mixed culture of a well-operated anaerobic digester was approximately 3:2. The proposed model indicates that the amount of volatile acid produced and the gas production rate can be expressed as a function of hydraulic residence time (HRT). The kinetic constants of the two phases of the anaerobic digestion process were determined, and a computer was used to simulate results using the proposed model for the various operating parameters, such as BOD5 and volatile acid concentrations in effluent, biomass concentrations and gas production rates. These were consistent with the experimental data.

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