Effects of resveratrol on alpha-amanitin-induced nephrotoxicity in BALB/c mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-337
Author(s):  
MA Arici ◽  
A Sahin ◽  
Z Cavdar ◽  
BU Ergur ◽  
C Ural ◽  
...  

Alpha-amanitin (α-AMA), the primary toxin of Amanita phalloides, is known to cause nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Resveratrol is an antioxidant that has shown efficacy in many nephrotoxicity models. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol against the early and late stages of α-AMA-induced nephrotoxicity, compared to those of silibinin, a well-known antidote for poisoning by α-AMA-containing mushrooms. Mice kidney tissues were obtained from five groups: (1) α-AMA + NS (simultaneous administration of α-AMA and normal saline), (2) α-AMA + SR (simultaneous administration of α-AMA and resveratrol), (3) α-AMA + 12R (resveratrol administration 12 h after α-AMA administration), (4) α-AMA + 24R (resveratrol administration 24 h after α-AMA administration), and (5) α-AMA + Sil (simultaneous administration of α-AMA and silibinin). Histomorphological and biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate kidney damage and oxidant–antioxidant status in the kidney. Scores of renal histomorphological damage decreased significantly in the early resveratrol treatment groups (α-AMA + SR and α-AMA + 12R), compared to those in the α-AMA + NS group ( p < 0.05). Catalase levels increased significantly in the α-AMA + SR group, compared to those in the α-AMA + NS group ( p < 0.001). Early resveratrol administration within 12 h after α-AMA ingestion may reverse the effects of α-AMA-induced nephrotoxicity, partly through its antioxidant action, thereby suggesting its potential as a treatment for poisoning by α-AMA-containing mushrooms.

Author(s):  
S.M. Geyer ◽  
C.L. Mendenhall ◽  
J.T. Hung ◽  
E.L. Cardell ◽  
R.L. Drake ◽  
...  

Thirty-three mature male Holtzman rats were randomly placed in 3 treatment groups: Controls (C); Ethanolics (E); and Wine drinkers (W). The animals were fed synthetic diets (Lieber type) with ethanol or wine substituted isocalorically for carbohydrates in the diet of E and W groups, respectively. W received a volume of wine which provided the same gram quantity of alcohol consumed by E. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation after 6 weeks and the livers processed for quantitative triglycerides (T3), proteins, malic enzyme activity (MEA), light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Morphometric analysis of randomly selected LM and EM micrographs was performed to determine organellar changes in centrilobular (CV) and periportal (PV) regions of the liver. This analysis (Table 1) showed that hepatocytes from E were larger than those in C and W groups. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum decreased in E and increased in W compared to C values.


2021 ◽  
pp. 2863-2868
Author(s):  
Khalid Mohammed Karam ◽  
Ahmed Saed Alebady ◽  
Haitham O. Alhilfi ◽  
Dhia Hussain Al-Delemi

Background and Aim: Post-breeding treatment is the most common practice in the reproductive management of mares. Oxytocin, uterine lavage, and intrauterine (I/U) antibiotic are usually used as prophylactic therapy. This study aimed to determine the most efficient prophylactic treatment regimen among six treatment protocols applied during natural breeding of cyclic Arabian mares. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on cyclic Arabian mares that were subdivided into three age categories (n=968): Category I (5-10 years, n=380), Category II (11-15 years, n=361), and Category III (≥16 years, n=227). Six prophylactic treatments were applied after 4 h of breeding. According to the treatment regimen, treated mares (n=483) were divided into six treatment groups: A (n=80), treated with I/U antibiotic (1 g gentamicin); B (n=81), I/U lavage (normal saline 500 mL); C (n=83), intramuscular (I/M) oxytocin (10 IU); D (n=82), I/U antibiotic and I/M oxytocin; E (n=78), I/U lavage and I/M oxytocin; and F (n=79), I/U lavage with I/U antibiotic and I/M oxytocin. Non-treated mares were classified as controls (n=485). Ultrasonography was performed to monitor pregnant mares 30 and 60 days after mating, and mares were followed until foaling. Results: Pregnancy and foaling results reveals that in age Category I, treatment with oxytocin alone or oxytocin with I/U lavage showed the highest pregnancy and foaling rates (p<0.01). In age Category II, the highest pregnancy and foaling rates were observed in lavage treatment (p<0.01), whereas, in age Category III, the good pregnancy and foaling rates were monitored in treatment with oxytocin and I/U lavage (p<0.01). Conclusion: Treatment with systemic I/M oxytocin is ideal in early age group mares (5-10 years of age). However, irrespective of the age categories, all mares exhibited high pregnancy and foaling rates after treatment with systemic I/M oxytocin and I/U lavage with normal saline (0.9%) 4 h post-breeding.


2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (36) ◽  
pp. 7713-7716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabin Fabre ◽  
Imene Bayach ◽  
Karel Berka ◽  
Markéta Paloncýová ◽  
Marcelina Starok ◽  
...  

Vitamins and polyphenols form non-covalent complexes in biomembranes enhancing the global antioxidant status through synergism.


1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Pybus ◽  
B. E. D'Bras ◽  
G. Goulding ◽  
H. Liberman ◽  
T. A. Torda

Seventy patients undergoing haemorrhoidectomy under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to one of five treatment groups in order to compare the effectiveness of various caudal agents in the control of postoperative pain. Four groups were given a caudal injection of either 2% lignocaine, 0.5% bupivacaine, 2% lignocaine + morphine sulphate 4 mg or normal saline + morphine sulphate 4 mg, while the fifth (control) group did not receive an injection. The number of patients requiring postoperative opiates was significantly higher in the lignocaine group than in the morphine (p <0.05) and morphine-lignocaine (p <0.05) groups. No agent significantly reduced the number requiring opiates. In those who received opiates, the mean analgesic period was 228 minutes in the control group, and was significantly longer following bupivacaine (577 min, p <0.01), morphine-lignocaine (637 min, p <0.05) and morphine (665 min, p <0.01). The mean analgesic period following lignocaine (349 min) was not significantly different from control. The incidence of catheterisation was lowest in those patients who did not receive caudal analgesia.


2020 ◽  
pp. 17-19

The aim of the present study was to find the effect of Potenmic supplementation on humoral immunity, some blood metabolites and stress status in broiler. A total of 150 day old broiler birds were divided into five treatment groups. One group was control having crude protein and metabolizeble energy of 22% and 3000 Kcal/kg respectively as a basal diet. Second group was basal diet + 1ml Potenmic dissolved in 1.5 lit of water (NCPot1), third group was basal diet plus 1 ml Potenmic dissolved in 3 lit of water (NCPot2), fourth group was basal diet + 1 ml Potenmic dissolved in 5 lit (NCPot3) of water. Every group was divided into three replicates and each replicates was consisting of 10 birds. Antibody titre against ND was significantly (P<0.01) higher in NCPot1 and NCPot2 in comparison with the control. However, antibody titre against IB was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treatment groups compared to the control. The H:L was significantly (P<0.01) lower in NCPot1 and NCPot2. Blood glucose was significantly (P<0.01) higher in the treatment groups compared to the control. However, NCPot1 and NCPot2 showed significantly (P<0.05) higher serum glucose and protein concentration compared to the control and other treatment groups. Blood MDA concentration was also significantly (P<0.05) lower in NCPot1 and NCPot2 compared to the control. The results of the present study showed that supplementation of Potenmic improved the immune response, blood metabolites and antioxidant status of broiler.


Author(s):  
E. Gokalp ◽  
S. Gurgoze ◽  
S. Altan

This study was aimed at investigating the effects of xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-propofol and xylazine-ketamine-propofol combinations on oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and blood gases in sheep. Excluding the control animals, the sheep included in Groups 1, 2 and 3 were administered with combinations of xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-propofol and xylazine-ketamine-propofol, respectively, by intravenous route. The comparison of the three treatment groups with the control group showed that no significant difference existed for TAS, TOS, MDA and CAT levels. The evaluation of blood gas and electrolyte levels demonstrated a significant decrease in PvO2, cSO2, Na, and Ca levels, and a significant increase in glucose levels. In result, this study showed that the three anaesthetic combinations tested did not have any adverse effect on the oxidant/antioxidant status, but caused significant alterations in blood gas levels.


1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Andersson

Thirty-eight patients with problems with their urinary catheters were randomly treated with Varidase® or normal saline solution once a day for 10 days. Photographs were taken by using a cystoscope before treatment, at day 10 and day 24 after the commencement of treatment. The photographs were evaluated according to the occurrence of pus, debris, coagula and rubor. In the Varidase® group the improvements from baseline to day 10 and day 24 were statistically significant (p < 0·05) in all parameters while there were no statistically significant improvements in the saline group. Comparing the two treatment groups, regarding the changes from baseline to day 10 and day 24, it was statistically demonstrated that Varidase® was significantly more effective than saline in all parameters (p < 0·05). In conclusion, this study shows that Varidase® effectively cleans the urinary bladder from pus, fibrin, necrotic tissue and blood clots.


2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
B. R., Gandi ◽  
M. Jibri ◽  
S. B Abdu ◽  
S. Duru

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of ginger as natural antioxidant (NA) treatment in stabilizing poultry by-product meal. Poultry by-products meal (PBPM) were randomly prepared into four treatment groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4) and treated with 0, 750, 1250 and 1750 gram of ginger/100kg respectively and stored for 60 days. Microbial assessment and oxidative properties of PBPM was estimated fortnightly using total aerobiccount (TAPC), total coli-form unit count (TCC), peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. Poultry by-product meal treated with 1750 gram of ginger/100kg presented the least oxidation for both TBAs (0.064 mg/g) and POV (0.4 mEq/kg) after the 60 days storage period. Both TAPC and TCC for all samples observed in this study are all below satisfactory levels with reference to the standard microbial load specification. It is concluded that ginger rhizome used as a natural antioxidant was effective in stabilizing poultry byproduct meal as it presented better microbial and antioxidant status at 1750 g/100kg.


Author(s):  
Fatai A. Kareem ◽  
Opeyemi J. Owolabi ◽  
Mutiu A. Alabi ◽  
Omotola B. Ogunsuyi ◽  
Sofiyat F. AbdulKadir ◽  
...  

Aim: Leaves of plants have been useful in the treatment of various diseases and infections. The study aims at determining the nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and hematological effect of Momordica charantia, Xylopia aethiopica, and Entandrophragma angolense on the Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Study Design: The plants’ leaves were air-dried and extracted. Forty-two Swiss male mice, 18 to 25 g, were grouped into six of seven mice each. Group I was uninfected but were administered with normal saline for four days, Group II to VI were all infected with P. berghei and administered with normal saline, 300 mg/b.w. of M. charantia leaf extract, 300 mg/b.w. of E. angolense leaf extract, 300 mg/b.w. of X. aethiopica leaf extract and 40 mg/b.w. of chloroquine injection for four days, respectively. Results: The treatment groups showed a lower level of toxicity when compared with chloroquine treatment. X. aethiopica has the greatest positive impact on the PCV level of the experimental animals of its treated group compared with other groups. Conclusion: Our findings confirmed the antimalarial potential of X. aethiopica and thus can be used to treat malaria without anemia as a side effect.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghong Hu ◽  
Yuanhai Li ◽  
Shengbin Wang ◽  
Siqi Xu ◽  
Xia Ju ◽  
...  

Abstract Background:Intravenous lidocaine and dexmedetomidine treatments have been proposed as methods for inhibiting cough. We compared the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine and dexmedetomidine treatments on inhibiting cough during the tracheal extubation period after thyroid surgery. Methods:One hundred eighty patients undergoing thyroid surgeries were randomly allocated to the LIDO group (received lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg loading, 1.5 mg/kg/h infusion), the DEX group (received dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg/kg loading, 0.4 µg/kg/h infusion) and the CON group (received saline), with 60 cases in each group. The primary outcomes of cough were recorded. Secondary outcomes included hemodynamic variables, awareness time, volume of drainage, the postoperative visual analogue scale and adverse effects were recorded. Results: The incidence of cough were significantly lower in the LIDO group (28.3%) and the DEX group (31.7%) than that in the CON group (66.7%) (P=0.000). Additionally, both moderate and severe cough were significantly lower in the LIDO group (13.3%) and the DEX group (13.4%) than these in the CON group (43.4%) (P<0.05). Compared with the two treatment groups, both mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were significantly increased in the CON group during tracheal extubation (P<0.05). Compared with the CON group, the volume of drainage was significantly reduced in the two treatment groups within 48 hours after surgery (P<0.05). compared with the CON group, the postoperative visual analogue scale was significantly lower in groups LIDO and DEX after surgery(P<0.05). Compared with the LIDO group and the CON group, the time to awareness was longer in the DEX group (P<0.05). In the DEX group, bradycardia was noted in 35 patients, while no bradycardia was noted in LIDO group and CON group. Conclusion: Compared with intravenous infusions of normal saline, both lidocaine and dexmedetomidine had equal effectiveness in attenuating cough and hemodynamic changes during the tracheal extubation period after thyroid surgery, and both of these treatments were able to reduce the volume of postoperative bleeding and provide better analgesic effect after surgery. But intravenous infusions of dexmedetomidine resulted in bradycardia and delayed time to awareness when compared with lidocaine and normal saline.


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