Natural Resources, Conflict and Security Challenges in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-568
Author(s):  
Faith Osasumwen Olanrewaju ◽  
Segun Joshua ◽  
Adekunle Olanrewaju
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Resource Conflicts ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Resource Ownership ◽  
The Impact

This article evaluates the impact of natural resource conflicts on Africa’s security. This study is qualitative and based on secondary data that were analysed textually. Hinged on the greed and grievance theory, the study argues that the mismanagement of resources, greed and grievance have had immeasurable negative implications on national security, national growth and development. The issues that have come to the fore in resource management in some selected African countries include rancorous intergroup relations, militancy, the proliferation of small arms and light weapons, leadership ineptitude, corruption, warlordism and money laundering. The article recommends that effective resource management strategies in Africa are key in curbing the plaguing security challenges and conflicts ensuing from resource ownership in the continent.

scholarly journals Kenya’s Standard Gauge Railway Project in the Context of Theory and Practice of Regional Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanard Otwori Juma ◽  
Fredrick Adol Gogo ◽  
Ahmed Abduletif Abdulkadr ◽  
Dénes Dávid Lóránt
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
East African ◽  
African Region ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Impact

Despite most African countries having immense natural and human resources potential, the continent has mostly been lagging on matters of economic development. This scenario could primarily be attributed to weak intra-regional and inter-country trade given the poor connectivity, quality, and diversity in transportation services and infrastructure. In this regard, the governments of the greater East African Region representing Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, South Sudan, Ethiopia and Kenya, therefore, mooted a coordinated vision to develop interlinked regional infrastructure in road and rail transport to allow smooth movement of goods and services.  This paper aimed to critically review the impact of the SGR development on Kenya in the context of regional planning and development. The methodology of the study was a critical review of existing literature and secondary data. Study findings indicated that the development of the (Standard Gauge Railway) SGR is in tandem with the development strategies of other East African Countries. Its development is incorporated in national spatial plans with the rail route targeting regions with viable populations and sustainable economic activities. Criticisms, however, revolve around the ballooning debt to finance infrastructural development and lack of prioritization f mega projects. In conclusion, despite the financial constraints, the SGR is viewed to significantly influence the socio-economic spheres while presenting challenges in the management of landscapes where it traverses in Kenya and the Region.

Can financial inclusion reduce the presence of corruption? Evidence from selected countries in Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1345-1362
Author(s):  
Folorunsho M. Ajide
Keyword(s):  
Random Effect ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Of Corruption

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of financial inclusion (FI) on control of corruption in selected African countries.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs secondary data spanning over a period of 2005–2016. These data are sourced from IMF's International Financial Statistics, World Bank Development Indicators, Global Financial Development Database, Transparency International and International Country Risk Guide. The author uses Sarma (2008) approach to construct the FI index for 13 countries in Africa. The author applies random effect, robust least square and instrumental variable (IV) estimations to examine the impact of FI on control of corruption in Africa.FindingsThe author finds that financial inclusion improves the control of corruption. The author tests for possible FI threshold to avoid the case of extreme FI in Africa. The results show that there is a threshold level if reached, FI would have negative impacts in the control of corruption. This may likely happen mainly due to weak institutions in Africa. The results are robust to alternative proxy for control of corruption and various alternative estimation techniques.Practical implicationsThe finding indicates that FI can serve as part of toolkits for reducing corruption in Africa.Originality/valueThis study stresses the important role of FI in the economic system. It is the first paper that empirically suggests the role of FI in controlling corruption in Africa.

Radio Resource Management Strategies for HSDPA-Enhanced UMTS Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
Dirk Staehle ◽  
Andreas Mäder
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Radio Resource Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mobile Telecommunication ◽  
Radio Resource ◽  
Telecommunication System ◽  
Packet Access ◽  
The Impact

This chapter gives an overview of the background and functionality of the high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), and provides insights into the radio resource management of integrated UMTS/HSDPA networks. The high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) is part of the evolution of the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS). It is often referred to as 3.5G system, in contrast to UMTS, which is a third generation system. The authors introduce aspects of radio resource management specific to the HSDPA like channel-aware scheduling and radio resource sharing strategies. Furthermore, the impact of radio resource management on the quality of service is analyzed and it is shown that the selection of an RRM strategy is an integral part of the network planning and deployment process

The Impact of Human Resource Management on Corporate Social Performance Strengths and Concerns

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Rothenberg ◽  
Clyde Eiríkur Hull ◽  
Zhi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Corporate Social Performance ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Although high-performance human resource practices do not directly affect corporate social performance (CSP) strengths, they do positively affect CSP strengths in companies that are highly innovative or have high levels of slack. High-performance human resource management (HRM) practices also directly and negatively affect CSP concerns. Drawing on the resource-based view and using secondary data from an objective, third-party database, the authors develop and test hypotheses about how high-performance HRM affects a company’s CSP strengths and concerns. Findings suggest that HRM and innovation are important capabilities because they create and enhance other capabilities.

scholarly journals Management Strategies to Protect Coastal Areas from Oil-Polluted Seawater (A Case Study of Coastal Areas in Bekasi Regency)

2021 ◽  
Vol 921 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
P Agustine ◽  
H Parung ◽  
P Davey ◽  
C Frid
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Following an oil spill in the western Java Sea, in July 2019, the issue of oil pollution has received heightened interest. More and more people in Indonesia are increasingly aware that environmental damage will be a severe threat to the sustainability of ecosystems and environmental services. Given that oil pollution does endanger not only the aquatic ecosystem but also the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem, it is essential to encourage the involvement of stakeholders to contribute to efforts to prevent and minimize the impact of oil pollution in coastal areas that may arise in the future. Thus, since oil pollution is extremely harmful not only to aquatic ecosystems but also terrestrial ecosystems, coastal management strategies are urgently required to minimize the impact of oil pollution in the future. The overall aim of this research is to provide recommendations for policy formulations that may be adopted by the relevant local government to protect coastal areas from seawater contaminated with oil. This research uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches, including Statistical analysis, Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The type of data collected will be primary data and secondary data which are sourced from experts and agencies engaged in the management of the coastal and marine environments.

scholarly journals Financial Inclusion in Ethiopia: Is It on the Right Track?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekeste Berhanu Lakew ◽  
Hossein Azadi
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
East African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

It is important to evaluate the impact of Ethiopia’s financial inclusion strategy since it has been launched in 2014. Accordingly, this paper assesses the extent to which the target has been met. The main aim of this study is to measure the success or failure of Ethiopia’s financial inclusion in comparison with other countries in East Africa. Using secondary data, this study revealed that Ethiopia’s financial inclusion is not as successful as other East African countries. This study also found that Ethiopians prefer informal saving clubs rather than formal financial organs. This preference, combined with unemployment and low income, is the barrier to the financial inclusion strategy. Based on the findings, identifying and addressing root causes should be done by removing distance, cost, credit, and documentation barriers. Moreover, the findings showed that access to public transit can also expand the reach of formal financial institutions by encouraging more people to physically access financial institutions. This study recommended access to formal financial organs as a core to financial institutions. Access to formal financial organs should be boosted through increasing financial institutions. Educating individuals about their financial circumstances were also recommended so that people can increase their formal saving uptake. This paper also recommended that the government develop regulatory guidelines for the functioning of financial institutions. The main outcome, therefore, is that financial institutions could be more transparent and predictable, reduce costs, and simplify the rules for entering the market.

Impact of non-oil sectors on GDP/capita in selected African countries: evidence from panel analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluyemi Theophilus Adeosun ◽  
Isaac Idris Gbadamosi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact or contribution of non-oil sectors on economic growth (GDP/capita) of some selected African countries using panel data analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focused on secondary data for the period 1991–2019 for macro parameters, including agriculture, industry, export and service, and GDP/capita received from World Development Indicators (WDI). Panel unit root tests like Levin, Lin and Chu test and Im, Pesaran and Shin test, Johansen co-integration test, Granger causality test and an error correction model were also applied to the data for analysis.FindingsThe study reveals no causality from agriculture to economic growth, which implies most of the African countries (used in this study) have neglected agriculture as a source of economic growth. The industry independent variable was of no effect on these countries’ economic growth, whereas the findings reveal that industry has causality on economic growth. Economic growth has no causality on the industry, which means the industry is not contributing to economic growth. The study also shows no causality from export and service to economic growth, but a causality runs from economic growth to export and service.Originality/valueThe paper examines the contribution of the non-oil sectors to economic growth in selected African countries.

scholarly journals Lessons learned, challenges and outlooks for decision-making after a decade of experience monitoring the impact of Indoor Residual Spraying in Benin, West Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C Akogbéto ◽  
Fortuné Dagnon ◽  
Rock Aikpon ◽  
Razaki OSSE ◽  
Albert Salako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Residual Malaria Transmission ◽  
Epidemiological Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Since 2008, Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) has been performed in Benin in 19 districts, including 4 in southern Benin, 9 in Atacora, and 8 in Atacora, Alibori and Donga in northern Benin. However, Benin still struggles with questions about IRS cost benefit and epidemiological impact. We discussed lessons learned and challenges from 10 years of IRS in Benin to be shared with the stakeholders involved in vector control implementation for decisions making. Methods We have assessed entomological parameters in IRS communes since 2008. In all IRS intervention communes, decreases in Human Biting Rate (HBR) of An. gambiae, blood feeding inhibition and Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR) as compared to control district have been measured. Results EIR was reduced by 80-90%, which is encouraging, but should be observed with caution because: (i) the reduction may be insufficient to decrease epidemiological indicators given that the residual EIR in IRS districts is still higher than it is in some regions of stable malaria; (ii) the reduction in EIR is based on comparisons with control communes, but it is difficult to select control areas with the same environmental characteristics as intervention areas; (iii) despite the reduction, half of all mosquitoes that entered IRS-treated houses succeeded in taking human blood meals. Further, there are behaviors among Benin’s population that limit IRS efficacy, including recent data showing that >90% of people are not protected by IRS between 7-10 PM. This is due to the fact that they remain outside and that most people are not protected from mosquito bites after 10 PM because they either sleep outside without IRS protection or inside without an ITN. Moreover, people have large amounts of clothing hanging on walls where mosquitoes can rest instead of IRS-treated walls. Finally, other components are important to consider in implementing IRS among which: (i) Vector resistance management strategies are sometimes poorly understood; this is actually different from replacing an insecticide by another after the emergence of resistance; (ii) African countries should prepare to finance IRS themselves. Conclusion To curtail residual malaria transmission, additional interventions able to target vectors escaping IRS should be prioritized. Keywords: IRS, Lessons learned, challenges, outlooks, Benin

Impact of economic growth on carbon emissions in selected West African countries, 1980–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Osadume ◽  
Edih O. University
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
West African ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
African Region ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study investigated the impact of economic growth on carbon emissions on selected West African countries between 1980 and 2019. Simon-Steinmann's economic growth model provides the relevant theoretical foundation. The main objective of this study was to ascertain whether economic growth will impact carbon emissions.Design/methodology/approachThe study selected six-sample countries in West Africa and used secondary data obtained through the World Bank Group online database covering the period 1980–2019, employing panel econometric methods of statistical analysis.FindingsThe outcome indicates that the independent variable showed a positively significant impact on the dependent variable for the pooled samples in the short-run, with significant cointegration.Research limitations/implicationsThe study concluded that economic growth significantly impacts the emissions of carbon, and a 1% rise in economic growth will result to 3.11121% unit rise in carbon emissions.Practical implicationsPolicy implementation should encourage the use of energy efficient facilities by firms and government and the establishment of carbon trading hubs.Social implicationsFailure by governments to heed the recommendations of this research will result to serious climate change issues on economic activities with attendant consequences on human health within the region and globally.Originality/valueThis is one of the comprehensive works on subject covering the West African region within the continent.

scholarly journals The impact of xenophobia-Afrophobia on the informal economy in Durban CBD, South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tshishonga
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Economic Survival ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

The renewed incidents of xenophobia, which engulfed South Africa, dented this country’s image, continentally and internationally. These occurrences invoke an unresolved question, thus: Can xenophobic attacks be attributed to tighter or discriminatory immigration policies or are people caught in quandary for socio-economic survival? Similarly to the pogroms in Poland against Jews, xenophobia left fatal scars, not only amongst Africans and non- Africans, and has affected the informal economy negatively. This article explores the impact of xenophobia on the operations of the informal economy on which the poor depend for socio-economic survival. For the most part of April-May 2015, the streets of Durban were deserted because of the xenophobic attacks on non-South African businesses, particularly those owned by Africans from different parts of the continent. Fear was planted in the city of Durban, which in turn led to the decline in economic activity, both formal and informal sectors, with the later bearing the most brunt. The city was turned into a battle field whereby Afro-hatred was perpetuated with the intention of causing bodily harm and making deportation threats. Nationals from other African countries, mainly Nigerians, Somalis, Malawians, Zimbabweans, Mozambicans, Ethiopians and Congolese were accused of taking jobs meant for locals and suffocating their businesses as well as taking their women. In fear of their lives, non-South Africans were forced to close their businesses and to go into hiding. This article argues that the impact of xenophobia is a double-edged sword and has far- reaching implications for both South Africans and non-South Africans as the local city dwellers depend on the services provided by informal businesses. The article uses both primary and secondary data. The empirical data was extracted mainly from the street traders and hawkers eking a living in the informal sector.

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