scholarly journals Theorizing the form and impact of sport scandals

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022110439
Author(s):  
Ulrik Wagner ◽  
Rasmus K. Storm
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Sociology Of Sport ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
German Sociologist

Sport scandals have attracted significant interest within and beyond the sociology of sport. However, developing a theoretical understanding of sport scandals has so far been neglected. Therefore, the two-fold purpose of this conceptual paper is to outline a theoretical model for understanding the form of a sport scandal, and to construct two typical sport scandals that can assist us in theorizing and differentiating how sport scandals may have varying effects on society. In our work, we rely on insights on form formulated by the German sociologist Niklas Luhmann combined with notions of ideal types derived from Max Weber. Accordingly, scandals are described as examples of paradoxical forms where excluded meaning re-enters to create spaces of temporary liminality. Despite their common characteristics, we are able to construct two ideal types of scandals – bureaucratic fallacy and charismatic failure – to understand why scandals may have varying impacts on the environment.

scholarly journals Uncertainty Avoidance as a Moderating Factor to the Self-Congruity Concept: The Development of a Conceptual Framework

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402110018
Author(s):  
Shaohua Yang ◽  
Salmi Mohd Isa ◽  
T. Ramayah
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
The Self ◽  
Destination Marketing ◽  
Tourism Research ◽  
Revisit Intention ◽  
Conceptual Paper

The aim of this article was to propose a framework based on the theory of self-congruity and on Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance. The framework was to combine destination personality, self-congruity, uncertainty avoidance, and tourists’ revisit intention. The present conceptual paper proposed an integrated model of self-congruity which incorporates the effect of uncertainty avoidance. More importantly, the uncertainty avoidance was introduced as a moderator between self-congruity and revisit intention. Based on the theoretical framework proposed in this article, the estimated results affirmed the applicability of the theory of self-congruity for tourism research. Moreover, by extending the theoretical model through the incorporation of a variable of uncertainty avoidance in the context of tourism, this article offers a significant contribution to the tourism literature. It is important to understand how the theory of self-congruity applies across a broad cultural spectrum. This article also offers several implications for destination marketing organizations from a practical perspective.

scholarly journals Crowdfunding: Motives, Definitions, Typology and Ethical Challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mokter Hossain ◽  
Gospel Onyema Oparaocha
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Conceptual Paper

AbstractCrowdfunding is an emerging phenomenon that has attracted significant interest from scholars and practitioners alike, mainly due to its appeal as an alternative source of funding. As crowdfunding has grown exponentially, so have the associated challenges and opportunities. In this conceptual paper, we define crowdfunding; discuss its characteristics, related terminologies, key elements and ethical issues. We also propose a typology for crowdfunding and indicate various issues associated with it. The final section includes the implications of this study and suggestions for future research. This paper aims to inspire a scholarly debate and further develop the theoretical foundation of the crowdfunding literature. This may also prompt practitioners to take note of the emerging concerns as the crowdfunding phenomenon is transforming from a marginal to a mainstream discipline.

scholarly journals Legitimação e procedimento: um debate à luz das perspectivas de Weber, Habermas e Luhmann

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
João Paulo Bachur
Keyword(s):  
Max Weber ◽  
Niklas Luhmann ◽  
Jürgen Habermas ◽  
Jurgen Habermas

A relação entre moral e política sempre foi um dos objetos centrais da filosofia política e por essa razão, com base nessa premissa, inúmeras teorias foram desenvolvidas com a finalidade de justificar a ação da sociedade humana. O presente trabalho objetiva analisar algumas teorias de legitimação do poder, sobre a ótica de diversos autores clássicos, especialmente Max Weber, Jürgen Habermas e Niklas Luhmann. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa de dados, a partir de um estudo bibliográfico meticuloso correlacionando as teorias desses autores sob o fio condutor do procedimento, da linguagem, da intersubjetividade e da comunicação, sendo permitido, a partir dessa análise se criar um panorama crítico sobre essas teorias e projetar seu raciocínio na sociedade. Esse artigo, por fim, demonstra principalmente que as teorias circundantes à comunicação e ao procedimento, presentes tanto em Luhmann quanto em Habermas, são, de certa maneira, conflitantes, embora busquem legitimar o mesmo objeto: o poder.

Trust, Perceived Benefit, and Purchase Intention in C2C E-Commerce

2021 ◽  
pp. 1313-1338
Author(s):  
Shukuan Zhao ◽  
Yiwen Fang ◽  
Weiyong Zhang ◽  
Hong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Perceived Benefit ◽  
The Relationship

It is a class research question about how trust and perceived benefit affect consumers' purchase intentions. This research examines the relationship in a very different context: consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce in China. Specifically, this research empirically assesses the differences in effect size due to the change of context. First, a theoretical model linking trust, perceived benefit, and their antecedents to purchase intention is developed upon the literature. Then the model is evaluated using empirical data collected at Taobao, the largest C2C e-commerce website in China. Partial least squares based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) results strongly support the model and research hypotheses. A developing country context can indeed affect the strength of effect. These results contribute to the literature in that they provide new insights toward a more in-depth theoretical understanding. Meanwhile, they can also provide useful guidance for managers.

Arbeiten für das Gemeinwohl? Eine internationale Literaturumschau

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Andreas Pfeuffer ◽  
Berthold Vogel ◽  
Sascha Wiegrefe
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Public Service Motivation ◽  
Niklas Luhmann

Erfordert die Tätigkeit im öffentlichen Dienst eine besondere Motivation? Teilen die Beschäftigten im Staatssektor ein spezifisches Arbeitsethos? Diese Fragen beschäftigen die Soziologie seit langem. Der Beitrag greift diese Fragen im Rahmen einer internationalen Literaturübersicht auf. Als Ausgangspunkt dienen die grundlegenden Überlegungen zu Werthaltungen der Staatsbediensteten, die wir in den Texten von Max Weber, Robert K. Merton oder Niklas Luhmann und Renate Mayntz finden. Davon ausgehend wenden sich die Autoren aktuellen internationalen Debatten um die quantitative Messung der Public Service Motivation zu. Darüber hinaus werden ethnographisch angelegte Ansätze aus dem französischen Kontext vorgestellt, die den „praktischen Sinn“ öffentlicher Dienstleister in der Interaktion mit dem Publikum zum Gegenstand machen und damit einen alternativen empirischen Zugang zur Thematik eröffnen. Der Beitrag endet mit einigen Überlegungen zur Bedeutung der Gemeinwohlorientierung der Staatsdiener im Kontext fiskalischer Knappheit und veränderter Arbeits- und Karrierebedingungen im öffentlichen Sektor.

scholarly journals Look to Others Before You Leap: A Systematic Literature Review of Social Information Effects on Donation Amounts

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire van Teunenbroek ◽  
René Bekkers ◽  
Bianca Beersma
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Information Effects

People are often influenced by information about other people’s behavior, that is, social information. Social information is frequently used by practitioners hoping to increase charitable giving, while the precise mechanisms through which social information works are unknown. We conducted a systematic literature review of 35 studies reporting on the effects of social information on charitable giving. We show that several studies report no or even negative effects and that a theoretical understanding of social information effects is lacking. We integrate the empirical findings in the wider fields of social psychology and behavioral economics and propose an integrative theoretical model. The model includes four mediators and three moderators that can explain positive and negative effects of social information. This theoretical framework can assist researchers to obtain a deeper understanding of social information and support practitioners in implementing giving tools in donation campaigns.

Theoretical Principles of Guided Missile Systems

1959 ◽  
Vol 63 (584) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. C. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Complex Assembly ◽  
Prohibitive Cost ◽  
Missile System

A guided missile system is a very complex assembly of interacting sub-systems, and rarely fits into a neat mathematical framework; but the need for a sound theoretical background is perhaps even more acute in this than in other fields, because of the almost prohibitive cost of protracted experimentation and cut-and-try methods. A theoretical model—even an approximate one—can greatly reduce the amount of experimental work necessary to prove a system, since the less efficient arrangements can be eliminated without a shot being fired. The use of simulators and computers, although indispensable, is in no way a substitute for this theoretical understanding: for the computer solutions can be obtained only for specific cases, and are of limited use unless they can be generalised to apply to other situations.

scholarly journals The Construction of Gender and Sexuality in the Approach of Key International Law Actors to the Circumcision of Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-647
Author(s):  
Ralph Sandland
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
International Law ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Genital Cutting ◽  
Gender And Power

Abstract This article analyses the approach of key international actors to the circumcision of children, seeking, first, to understand why the policy towards the circumcision or genital cutting of girls is so different from that towards boys. As part of this project, the article considers the literature on the situation in international law, concluding that the legal position is unclear and debatable. The article notes, however, that the policy difference is justified not by key actors by reference to international law but instead by reference to their theoretical understanding of how dynamics of gender and power infuse the genital cutting of girls. The article suggests that this approach is deficient because it can only compute inter-gender harm and not intra-gender harm, with the consequence that it fails to protect boy children from harms, which a better crafted theoretical model of gender and sexuality would capture.

The Conception of a Calling in the German Literature of the Middle Ages

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. E. Sokol
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
German Literature ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Religious System ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spirit Of Capitalism ◽  
German Sociologist

It is not a matter of mere chance that the conception of a “calling” or “profession” is meeting with special interest in Germany. Several books have been written on the subject, some with the intention of showing that a better understanding of the idea of a “calling” would contribute considerably toward the building up of a new and improved social order. While thus practical and political interests are debating the problem, an attempt to reach the root of the question has been made by the German sociologist, Max Weber, who in his work Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism,1 undertook to answer the question, Why does Protestantism seem to be particularly congenial to the capitalistic type of civilization? According to him, it is the conception of a “calling” as a God-given task, developed by Luther and incorporated into Calvin's religious system, which is responsible for this fact. The word Beruf, English “calling,” itself in its present meaning, originated, he asserts, in Luther's translation of the Bible, and from that source it spread throughout the Germanic world.

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