Determinants of Face Mask Utilization to Prevent Covid-19 Pandemic among Quarantined Adults in Tigrai Region, Northern Ethiopia, 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382110132
Author(s):  
Mekonnen Haftom ◽  
Pammla M. Petrucka
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Study Participants

A face mask is a vital component of personal protective equipment to prevent potentially contagious respiratory infections. There was a lack of evidence showing the proportion and determinants of face mask use in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify face mask utilization determinants to prevent spread of the Covid-19 pandemic among quarantined adults in Tigrai region, northern Ethiopia. A total of 331 participants selected using a systematic random sampling method were included in the study. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was employed. After describing the variables using frequencies, means, and standard deviations, multivariable logistic regression determined factors associated with face mask utilization to prevent COVID-19 spread. The study participants were primarily males (70%) and mean age was 30.5 ( SD = 11) years. Nearly half of the participants reported they did not wear a face mask when leaving home. Face mask utilization was significantly associated with knowledge score, employment status, gender, age, and educational status of the study participants.

scholarly journals Aetiopathological evaluation of pleural effusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Nallamothu Murali Krishna ◽  
Vietla Sreeramulu ◽  
Sai Krishna Gurrala ◽  
T. Jaya Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Medical Wards ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Pleural Effusion (PE) is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis itself. Hence an attempt was made to find out the etiological diagnosis of pleural effusion in cases.Methods: Single center, observational, cross sectional hospital-based study. Samples were collected by systematic random sampling method; study was conducted in GSL Medical College. Patients admitted with pleural effusion in medical wards and ICU were taken. The patients >14 years age, both genders were included. All patients were interviewed to obtain detailed history and examined thoroughly as per pre-determined protocol. Chest x-ray, chest ultrasonogram, PF analysis, routine general investigations were conducted for all the participants; and pleural cytology in certain cases. PF was aspirated send for various microbiological investigations such as gram stain, culture.Results: Out of 104 study participants, 78 were men and 26 were women and peak incidence of pleural effusion is 41-50 years. In this study, 58% cases were found to be tuberculoid, 25% malignant, 6% pyogenic.Conclusions: Tuberculosis was found to be commonest and more prevalent cause of pleural effusion. Every case of pleural effusion should be meticulously investigated in order to arrive a diagnosis, whether tuberculous or non-tuberculous to proceed for specific therapy.

Assessment of knowledge and practice of vaccination of dogs against rabies by dog owners in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Audu Onyemocho ◽  
Agwa Moses ◽  
Aboh Kisani ◽  
Omole Namben Victoria ◽  
Anejo-Okopi Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Rabies, one of the oldest and fatal infectious diseases known to human race, is transmitted by infected dogs. The global target of zero dog-mediated rabies human deaths has been set for 2030; however, the realization of this goal poses challenges in most low-income countries where rabies is endemic due to weak surveillance. Dogs have been increasingly deployed for domestic uses over the years, especially for security purposes. This study assessed the assessment of knowledge and practice of vaccination of dogs against rabies by dog owners. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was employed to study 400 dog owners in Makurdi metropolis through multistage sampling techniques. Sighting of valid dog vaccination card was used as criteria for current vaccination. Bivariate analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between the respondent knowledge of rabies and dog vaccination with significant value set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 31 (Â ± 0.8) years, majority of them had tertiary and secondary education (40.0% and 39.0%, respectively), 26.0% were traders, and 50.0% were married. Overall, 73.0% of the respondents had good knowledge score, 61.0% had seen at least a rabid dog in their life time, and 74.0% have a history of dog vaccination, but evidence of up to date vaccination of dogs by owners was seen in only 18.0% of all the vaccination cards sighted. The relationship between the educational status of the respondents, their knowledge score, and their dog vaccination was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge of rabies among dog owners in Makurdi was good, but the practice of dog vaccination was poor. Educational status was a good predictor of practice. Awareness campaign on dog vaccination should be strengthened and adequate measures should be put in place at the veterinary hospitals in Makurdi for vaccination of dogs.

scholarly journals About the Acceptance of Wearing Face Masks in Times of a Pandemic

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 204166952110211
Author(s):  
Claus-Christian Carbon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Participants

Wearing face masks in times of COVID-19 is one of the essential keystones for effectively decreasing the rate of new infections and thus for mitigating the negative consequences for individuals as well as for society. Acceptance of wearing masks is still low in many countries, making it extremely difficult to keep the pandemic at bay. In an experimental study, participants ( N = 88) had to assess how strange they felt when wearing a face mask while being exposed to displays of groups of varying numbers of mask wearers. Three different types of face masks were shown: simple homemade masks, FFP2 masks, and loop scarfs. The higher the frequency of people wearing masks in the displayed social group, the less strange the participants felt about themselves, an essential precondition for accepting wearing masks. This effect of a descriptive social norm was particularly effective when people saw others wearing less intrusive masks, here, simple homemade masks.

scholarly journals Prevalence of postpartum family planning utilization and associated factors among postpartum mothers in Arba Minch town, South Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biresaw Wassihun ◽  
Kidist Wosen ◽  
Asmare Getie ◽  
Kalkidan Belay ◽  
Rehal Tesfaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Postpartum Family Planning ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Contraception allows women to realize their human right to decide if and when to have children and helps people to attain their desired family size. Yet 214 million women of a reproductive age in developing countries who want to avoid pregnancy are not using a modern contraceptive method. Women who have recently given birth are among the group with the highest unmet need for contraception. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of postpartum family planning use and associated factors among postpartum women in Southern Ethiopia. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted. A structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from study participants. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique by allocating proportionally to each health facility. The data was entered using EPI data version 3.1statistical software and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22.0 for further analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. P values < 0.05 with 95% confidence level was used to declare statistica significance. Result Overall, 44% of postpartum women utilize postpartum family planning. Having an antenatal care visit [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.89(95%CI, 2.42–7.90), having planned pregnancy [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.17(95%CI, 1.60–2.28)], being married (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =2.86(1.94–8.73), and having a college and above level educational status (AOR) =1.66(1.28–3.55) were significantly associated with utilization of postpartum family planning. Conclusion This study showed that the prevalence of postpartum family planning was 44%. Marital status, educational status of mothers, the status of pregnancy, and having an antenatal care follow-up during pregnancy were some factors associated with postpartum family planning utilization. Therefore, strengthening family planning counselling during antenatal and postnatal care visits, improving utilization of postnatal care services and improving women’s educational status are crucial steps to enhance contraceptive use among postpartum women.

scholarly journals Knowledge of blood donation and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e044343
Author(s):  
Addisu Getie ◽  
Adam Wondmieneh ◽  
Melaku Bimerew ◽  
Getnet Gedefaw ◽  
Asmamaw Demis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Study Participants

ObjectiveTo assess the level of knowledge about blood donation and associated factors in Ethiopia.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsBoth published and unpublished cross-sectional studies on the level of knowledge about blood donation in Ethiopia were included. Articles from different databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, HINARI, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar and African Journals Online were searched. Cochrane I2 statistics were used to check for heterogeneity. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses of evidence of heterogeneity were carried out. Egger’s test with funnel plot was conducted to investigate publication bias.ResultTwenty cross-sectional studies with a total of 8338 study participants (4712 men and 3626 women) were included. The overall nationwide level of knowledge about blood donation was 56.57% (95% CI 50.30 to 62.84). Being in secondary school and above (adjusted OR=3.12; 95% CI 2.34 to 4.16) and being male (adjusted OR=1.81; 95% CI 1.44 to 2.28) were the factors associated with level of knowledge about blood donation.ConclusionMore than half of the study participants were knowledgeable about blood donation. Sex and educational status were the factors significantly associated with level of knowledge about blood donation in Ethiopia. Therefore, there is a need for education and dissemination of information about blood donation among the general population to build adequate knowledge and maintain regular blood supply.

scholarly journals Validity of the Diabetes, Hypertension and Hyperlipidaemia (DHL) Knowledge Instrument among Medical Students of Karachi

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Abdul Haseeb ◽  
Aleena Zehra Merchant ◽  
Muhammad Ahad Sher Khan ◽  
Arsalan Majeed Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
P Value ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge Levels

BACKGROUND: While there have been a number of studies on DM, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, an instrument which assesses knowledge based on all three conditions has neither been established nor authorized in Pakistan. Hence, the focus of this study was to establish a pre- tested extensive questionnaire to evaluate medical students’ understanding of DM, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and their medications for use.METHODS: A pre-validated and pre-tested DHL instrument was employed on 250 students of Dow Medical and Sindh Medical College and on 45 physicians working in a leading teaching hospital of Karachi. The DHL knowledge instrument was then distributed a second time to the very same set of students, after a period of 2 months, at the end of the foundation module, once they had received some basic formal medical education including diabetes and CVS diseases.RESULTS: The overall internal consistency for the DHL instrument failed to comply with the set standard of more than or equal to 0.7 as our results yielded Cronbach’s α of 0.6. Overall the average difficulty factor of 28 questions is 0.41, which highlighted that the instrument was moderately tough. The mean scores for all domains were substantially lower in the students section in comparison to that of the professional section, which had remarkable impact on the overall mean(SD) knowledge score (40.58 ± 14.63 vs. 63.49 ± 06.67 ; p value = 0.00).CONCLUSION: The instrument can be used to recognize people who require educational programs and keep an account of the changes with the passage of time as it could help in differentiating the knowledge levels among its participants based on their educational status.

scholarly journals Prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yunfei Zhang ◽  
Jiahong Sun ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Costan G. Magnussen ◽  
Xi Bo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Tibetan adolescents aged 12-17 years. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Shigatse city of Tibet municipality, with an average altitude of more than 4000 m. Subjects: Study participants included 2,642 adolescents aged 12-17 years selected from 6 schools using a convenient cluster sampling method. Results: The prevalence of thinness/overweight/obesity among Tibetan adolescents was 9.4%/5.4%/1.4% (China definition), 14.7%/4.4%/0.7% (IOTF definition), and 2.8%/5.7%/0.9% (WHO definition). The prevalence of thinness and overweight was significantly different between both sexes based on each of three BMI classification criteria (P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between both sexes according to each of three BMI criteria. There was no clear trend in the prevalence of thinness across ages according to the China or IOTF definition (both P >0.05), whereas an upward trend was observed for thinness in boys according to the IOTF definition (P for trend <0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of thinness tended to decrease with increasing age in girls according to the IOTF definition, and in total sample according to the WHO definition (P for trend <0.05). Conclusions: Among Tibetan adolescents, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is relatively low, while the prevalence of thinness is high, especially in boys. These data suggest urgent attention is needed to control adolescent thinness in Tibet.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Status Kepegawaian Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Dan Komitmen Organisasional

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Dijah Julindrastuti ◽  
Iman Karyadi
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Contract Employees ◽  
Permanent Employee ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Positive Effect

Research with the title The Effect of Employment Status on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment takes the object of non-educational employees at UWKS Surabaya where this research was conducted to see whether employees with contract employee status and employees with permanent employee status have differences in job satisfaction and organizational commitment and to see whether job satisfaction influences organizational commitment. The population in this study were all non-educational employees at Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya. Sampling in this study was carried out using the convenience sampling method. In this study, the researcher distributed questionnaires to 70 respondents, and 60 have returned. To test hypotheses 1 and 2 using the independent sample t-test and hypothesis 3 using multiple linear regression analysis. After testing, the results showed that the work decision between Contract employees with employees were still no different, likewise, for organizational commitment, there was also no difference, whereas, for the effect of job satisfaction on organizational commitment, the results showed that job satisfaction affected organizational commitment, where if job satisfaction increases, organizational commitment will also increase or it was said that between job satisfaction and organizational commitment had a positive effect.

scholarly journals The Effect of Bisoprolol on Heart Failure Preserved Ejection Fraction / Hfpef Patient’s Quality Of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Ayu Asri Devi Adityawati ◽  
Anna Fuji Rahimah ◽  
Mohammad Saifur Rohman ◽  
Setyasih Anjarwani ◽  
Djanggan Sargowo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Heart Failure Questionnaire ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Global Public Health Burden of Heart Failure reported the growing prevalence of heart failure which is 64.3 million affected in 2020 worldwide with half of the case classified as Heart Failure Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF). It is well known that someone who has been diagnosed with heart failure will have a poorer 􏰼􏰞􏰏􏰦􏰝􏰊􏰗 􏰓􏰒 􏰦􏰝􏰒􏰋􏰷􏰽􏰓􏰬􏰣 􏰾􏰘􏰖􏰦􏰓􏰩􏰿􏰋􏰑 􏰝􏰌 􏰏 􏰜􏰋􏰏􏰑􏰊 􏰑􏰏􏰊􏰋 􏰦􏰓􏰎􏰋􏰑􏰝􏰚􏰟 􏰏􏰟􏰋􏰚􏰊 􏰎􏰝􏰊􏰜 􏰏 􏰐􏰓􏰊􏰋􏰚􏰩􏰗 􏰊􏰓 􏰝􏰔􏰐􏰑􏰓􏰻􏰋 􏰊􏰜􏰋 􏰐􏰏􏰊􏰝􏰋􏰚􏰊􏱀􏰌 􏰩􏰦􏰝􏰚􏰝􏰩􏰏􏰦 outcomes, one of them is QoL. Objective􏱁 􏰥􏰜􏰝􏰌 􏰌􏰊􏰞􏰕􏰗 􏰏􏰝􏰔􏰋􏰕 􏰊􏰓 􏰓􏰖􏰌􏰋􏰑􏰻􏰋 􏰏􏰚􏰕 􏰋􏰻􏰏􏰦􏰞􏰏􏰊􏰋 􏰊􏰜􏰋 􏰋􏰒􏰒􏰋􏰩􏰊 􏰓􏰒 􏰖􏰝􏰌􏰓􏰐􏰑􏰓􏰦􏰓􏰦􏰳 􏰏 􏰊􏰗􏰐􏰋 􏰓􏰒 􏰾􏰘􏰖􏰦􏰓􏰩􏰿􏰋􏰑􏰳 􏰝􏰚 􏰊􏰜􏰋 􏰝􏰔􏰐􏰑􏰓􏰻􏰋- 􏰔􏰋􏰚􏰊 􏰓􏰒 􏱂􏱃􏰐􏰺􏱃 􏰐􏰏􏰊􏰝􏰋􏰚􏰊􏱀􏰌 􏰽􏰓􏰬􏰣 Method: This study is a retrospective cohort following HFpEF patients who received bisoprolol and HFpEF patients who did not receive bisoprolol. The study participants were selected using purposive sampling method. Result: Our study found that from all HFpEF patients who received bisoprolol 102 patients had a good QoL and 2 patients had a poor QoL (p=0.000) according to Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). The median physical score in the patient who did not receive bisoprolol was 10 while the median score of the 􏰐􏰏􏰊􏰝􏰋􏰚􏰊 􏰎􏰜􏰓 􏰑􏰋􏰩􏰋􏰝􏰻􏰋􏰕 􏰾􏰘􏰖􏰦􏰓􏰩􏰿􏰋􏰑 􏰎􏰏􏰌 􏰲 􏰪􏰐􏰡􏰢􏰣􏰢􏰢􏰢􏰮􏰣 􏰥􏰜􏰋 􏰔􏰋􏰏􏰚 􏰋􏰔􏰓􏰊􏰝􏰓􏰚􏰏􏰦 􏰌􏰩􏰓􏰑􏰋 􏰒􏰓􏰑 􏰊􏰜􏰋 􏰐􏰏􏰊􏰝􏰋􏰚􏰊􏰌 􏰎􏰜􏰓 􏰕􏰝􏰕 􏰚􏰓􏰊 􏰑􏰋􏰩􏰋􏰝􏰻􏰋 􏰾􏰘􏰖􏰦􏰓􏰩􏰿􏰋􏰑 􏰎􏰏􏰌 􏰸 􏰎􏰜􏰝􏰦􏰋 􏰊􏰜􏰋 􏰔􏰋􏰏􏰚 􏰌􏰩􏰓􏰑􏰋 􏰓􏰒 􏰊􏰜􏰋 􏰐􏰏􏰊􏰝􏰋􏰚􏰊􏰌 􏰎􏰜􏰓 􏰑􏰋􏰩􏰋􏰝􏰻􏰋􏰕 􏰾􏰘􏰖􏰦􏰓􏰩􏰿􏰋􏰑 􏰎􏰏􏰌 􏱄 􏰪􏰐􏰡􏰢􏰣􏰢􏰢􏰢􏰮􏰣 Conclusion􏱁 􏰛􏰋 􏰩􏰓􏰚􏰩􏰦􏰞􏰕􏰋 􏰊􏰜􏰏􏰊 􏰊􏰜􏰋 􏰞􏰌􏰋 􏰓􏰒 􏰖􏰝􏰌􏰓􏰐􏰑􏰓􏰦􏰓􏰦 􏰩􏰓􏰞􏰦􏰕 􏰝􏰔􏰐􏰑􏰓􏰻􏰋 􏰊􏰜􏰋 􏱂􏱃􏰐􏰺􏱃 􏰐􏰏􏰊􏰝􏰋􏰚􏰊􏱀􏰌 􏰽􏰓􏰬 􏰋􏰻􏰏􏰦􏰞􏰏􏰊􏰋􏰕 􏰖􏰗 􏰊􏰓􏰊􏰏􏰦 score, physical score, and emotional score.

scholarly journals Psychological distress among adult urban population of Puducherry

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3265
Author(s):  
Murugan N. ◽  
Amit Kumar Mishra ◽  
Ramesh Chand Chauhan ◽  
Velavan A.
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Study Population

Background: A large proportion of population in the community with psychological distress goes unnoticed. This study was done to assess the psychological distress among adult population of an urban area of Puducherry.Methods: The study was conducted among 569 individuals of age 18 years and above. Systematic random sampling method was used to select the households in the study area and from each household one adult was randomly selected. The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) was used to assess the psychological distress among the study participants.Results: Majority of the participants had low psychological distress (60.5%) followed by typical (19.3%), more than typical (10%), evidence of psychological distress (6.2%) & severe distress (4%). One-fifth (20.2%) of the participants had psychological distress which needs attention. The mental health status of the participants was significantly associated with the age, sex, marital status, religion and education (p<0.05).Conclusions: The psychological distress is a major public health problem in the study population. Focused interventions to improve the mental health of population are required to decrease the mental distress in the community. 

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