Effects of Repeated Administration and Comparability of Alternate Forms for the Global Neuropsychological Assessment (GNA)

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110451
Author(s):  
Alan Smerbeck ◽  
Lauren Olsen ◽  
Lindsay F. Morra ◽  
Jeremy Raines ◽  
David J. Schretlen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Alternate Forms ◽  
Repeated Administrations ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Cognitively Intact

The Global Neuropsychological Assessment (GNA) is an extremely brief battery of cognitive tasks assessing episodic memory, processing speed, working memory, verbal fluency, executive function, and mood. It can be given in under 15 minutes, has five alternate forms, and does not require an examinee to be literate. The purpose of this study was to quantify practice effects over repeated administrations and assess comparability of the GNA’s five alternate forms, preparing the battery for repeated administration in research and clinical settings. Forty participants each completed all five GNA forms at weekly intervals following a Latin square design (i.e., each form was administered at every position in the sequence an equal number of times). In a cognitively intact population, practice effects of 0.56 to 1.06 SD were observed across GNA measures when comparing the first and fifth administration. Most GNA tests showed nonsignificant interform differences with cross-form means differing by 0.35 SD or less, with the exception of modest but statistically significant interform differences for the GNA Story Memory subtest across all five forms. However, post hoc analysis identified clusters of two and three Story Memory alternate forms that were equivalent.

Assessment of information processing in working memory in applied settings: the paper & pencil memory scanning test

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1335-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
WIM VAN DER ELST ◽  
MARTIN P. J. VAN BOXTEL ◽  
GERARD J. P. VAN BREUKELEN ◽  
JELLE JOLLES
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
Cognitively Intact

ABSTRACTBackgroundSternberg's Memory Scanning Test (MST) is a useful paradigm for evaluating the speed and efficiency of information processing in working memory. Unfortunately, the classical MST has major drawbacks for use in applied settings such as the clinic. For example, its administration time is long and the test is too difficult for older people or people with cognitive disorders. It would be advantageous to have a test for the assessment of information processing in working memory for use in applied settings, for example in differential diagnostics in clinical settings.MethodThe MST was modified into a format that makes it more appropriate for use in the clinic, the Paper & Pencil MST (P&P MST). The influence of age and age-extrinsic factors on the P&P MST was evaluated in a large sample (n=1839) of healthy and cognitively intact adults (24–81 years) to establish the normal range of performance.ResultsAge and education affected all components of information processing in working memory. Gender did not affect the non-memory processing stages in the P&P MST, but affected the speed of memory scanning. An Age×Gender interaction was observed, which suggested that females who were aged below 55 scanned working memory faster than males, and vice versa for people aged above 55.ConclusionsThe established P&P MST norms provide a useful tool in applied settings when a person's memory scanning and non-memory processes in working memory are to be evaluated.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Alterations Induced by Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs: A Scoping Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cognitive Alterations

Cognitive impairment is one of the most deleterious effects of chemotherapy treatment in cancer patients, and this problem sometimes remains even after chemotherapy ends. Common classes of chemotherapy-based regimens such as anthracyclines, taxanes, and platinum derivatives can induce both oxidative stress in the blood and in the brain, and these effects can be reproduced in neuronal and glia cell cultures. In rodent models, both the acute and repeated administration of doxorubicin or adriamycin (anthracyclines) or cisplatin impairs cognitive functions, as shown by their diminished performance in different learning and memory behavioural tasks. Administration of compounds with strong antioxidant effects such as N-acetylcysteine, gamma-glutamyl cysteine ethyl ester, polydatin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, and 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium (MESNA) counteract both oxidative stress and cognitive alterations induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. These antioxidant molecules provide the scientific basis to design clinical trials in patients with the aim of reducing the oxidative stress and cognitive alterations, among other probable central nervous system changes, elicited by chemotherapy in cancer patients. In particular, N-acetylcysteine and MESNA are currently used in clinical settings and are therefore attracting scientific attention.

Reliability and equivalence of alternate forms for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test: implications for multiple sclerosis clinical trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1320-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph HB Benedict ◽  
Audrey Smerbeck ◽  
Rajavi Parikh ◽  
Jonathan Rodgers ◽  
Diego Cadavid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Alternate Forms

Background: Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), but is seldom assessed in clinical trials investigating the effects of disease-modifying therapies. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is a particularly promising tool due to its sensitivity and robust correlation with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and vocational disability. Unfortunately, there are no validated alternate SDMT forms, which are needed to mitigate practice effects. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the reliability and equivalence of SDMT alternate forms. Methods: Twenty-five healthy participants completed each of five alternate versions of the SDMT – the standard form, two versions from the Rao Brief Repeatable Battery, and two forms specifically designed for this study. Order effects were controlled using a Latin-square research design. Results: All five versions of the SDMT produced mean values within 3 raw score points of one another. Three forms were very consistent, and not different by conservative statistical tests. The SDMT test–retest reliability using these forms was good to excellent, with all r values exceeding 0.80. Conclusions: For the first time, we find good evidence that at least three alternate versions of the SDMT are of equivalent difficulty in healthy adults. The forms are reliable, and can be implemented in clinical trials emphasizing cognitive outcomes.

scholarly journals A-120 Practice Effects on Repeat Neuropsychological Assessment of Adults with Chronic Severe TBI

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-913
Author(s):  
Stepien D ◽  
Huber D ◽  
Samples M ◽  
West S
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Reliable Change Index ◽  
Assessment Battery ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Living Skills ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment Battery ◽  
Functional Living Skills

Abstract Objective This study examined whether practice effects caused by repeated exposure to test materials during serial assessment significantly impacts the performance of adults with chronic severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), given the severe memory impairment typical of this population. This study sought to describe the pattern of practice effects on repeat neuropsychological testing for this population. It was hypothesized that practice effects would be diminished for individuals with chronic sTBI. Method This study utilized longitudinal archival data collected as part of an annual neuropsychological assessment battery administered to 43 individuals receiving post-acute rehabilitation services at a structured multisite day treatment program. Each participant was tested at two time points which differed by an average of 13 months. The battery consisted of the Texas Functional Living Scale (TFLS), Trail Making Test (TMT), Brief Mood Survey, Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) Screening Module (NAB-SN), and Judgment subtest from the NAB Executive Functions Module (NAB Judgment). Results Practice effects were determined based on reliable improvement (p < .05) in scores across test administrations. A Reliable Change Index (RCI) was calculated for each test based on the method proposed by Jacobson and Truax (1991). Results revealed reliable improvements in performance for the NAB-SN Attention domain (RCI = 3.69), NAB Judgment subtest (RCI = 10.14), and TFLS Total Score (RCI = 4.38). Conclusion This study indicates that adults with chronic sTBI demonstrate significant practice effects primarily on measures associated with functional living skills. These findings suggest that repeat testing in this population may be less susceptible to the influence of practice effects.

scholarly journals Practice Effects Associated With Repeated Assessment of a Clinical Test of Reaction Time

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Del Rossi ◽  
Alfonso Malaguti ◽  
Samanta Del Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Practice Session ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Change In Mean

Context: Researchers have confirmed that the ruler-drop test could be included as part of a multifaceted concussion-assessment battery and potentially as a way to track recovery from head injury. However, it is unclear if this clinical test of reaction time would be characterized by inconsistent performance because of practice effects. Objective: To determine if the ruler-drop test is susceptible to practice effects after serial administration. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Sports medicine research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Forty-three persons (age = 21.8 ± 2.6 years). Intervention(s): Ten sessions were completed over 5 weeks. Participants completed 10 trials of the ruler-drop test during each session. Main Outcome Measure(s): The mean reaction times calculated for all participants from each test session were analyzed to determine if there was any meaningful change (ie, improvement) in reaction time over the course of the investigation. Results: Simple reaction time improved (ie, decreased) after repeated administration of the ruler-drop test, and the most pronounced improvement occurred between the first 2 test sessions. Between the first and second test sessions, reaction time decreased by almost 7 milliseconds, and there was an overall improvement of almost 13 milliseconds between the first and tenth sessions. Although the pairwise comparisons between the first and second and the first and third sessions were not significant, the change in mean reaction time between the first session and most of the other sessions was significant. We noted no differences when successive sessions were compared. Conclusions: To prevent practice-related improvements in reaction time, practitioners should allow at least 1 practice session before recording baseline results on the ruler-drop test.

scholarly journals Analgesic Mechanism of Sinomenine against Chronic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Weiming Fan ◽  
Tianle Gao ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Zhenming Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Chronic Pain Management ◽  
Neuroimmune Interaction ◽  
Sinomenium Acutum ◽  
China And Japan

Purified from the roots of the plant Sinomenium acutum, sinomenine is traditionally used in China and Japan for treating rheumatism and arthritis. Previously, we have demonstrated that sinomenine possessed a broad analgesic spectrum in various chronic pain animal models and repeated administration of sinomenine did not generate tolerance. In this review article, we discussed sinomenine’s analgesic mechanism with focus on its role on immune regulation and neuroimmune interaction. Sinomenine has distinct immunoregulative properties, in which glutamate, adenosine triphosphate, nitric oxide, and proinflammatory cytokines are thought to be involved. Sinomenine may alter the unbalanced neuroimmune interaction and inhibit neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and central sensitization in chronic pain states. In conclusion, sinomenine has promising potential for chronic pain management in different clinical settings.

Cleavage of Unfertilized Eggs after Repeated Administration of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin to Hamsters

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kanayama ◽  
H Osada ◽  
T Endo
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Repeated Administrations ◽  
Repeated Doses

The proportions of unfertilized eggs in the oviducts, showing abnormal cleavage, were examined in hamsters given single or repeated doses of 30 IU human gonadotrophic hormone for the induction of ovulation. In control animals ( n = 7), 1.7% of the total ovulated eggs were morphologically abnormal unfertilized eggs showing cleavage. The proportions of unfertilized eggs that were abnormal in the groups of seven hamsters treated with one, two or three doses of the gonadotrophin were 20.4%, 19.4%, and 30.4%, respectively. The proportion of unfertilized eggs showing abnormal cleavage thus appeared to increase with repeated administrations of gonadotrophin.

scholarly journals Practice effects and the use of alternate forms in serial neuropsychological testing

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
L BEGLINGER ◽  
B GAYDOS ◽  
O TANGPHAODANIELS ◽  
K DUFF ◽  
D KAREKEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Alternate Forms

scholarly journals Preliminary adaptation into Portuguese of a standardised picture set for the use in research and neuropsychological assessment

1998 ◽  
Vol 56 (3A) ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
SABINE POMPÉIA ◽  
ORLANDO F.A. BUENO
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
School Students ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Name Agreement ◽  
Pictorial Stimuli ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Neuropsychological Investigations

Pictorial stimuli and words have been widely used to evaluate mnemonic processes in clinical settings, neuropsychological investigations, as well as in studies on the mechanisms underlying the phenomena of memory. However, there seem to be few studies of standardisation of pictures for research in this field. The present paper aimed at adapting the use of a set of pictures standardised for English speaking subjects for Portuguese speakers. Name agreement of 150 pictures was assessed in 100 high-school students. Ninety pictures were found to present the same name for over 90 subjects. Results yield data that may help create more controlled tests for the study of memory for pictorial stimuli in Brazil.

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